{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215716853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107212","title":"Multiple fostering in dairy cows: Social attachment can form between calves and their foster cow","display_name":"Multiple fostering in dairy cows: Social attachment can form between calves and their foster cow","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215716853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107212","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159126003059/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179500637","display_name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","issn_l":"0168-1591","issn":["0168-1591","1872-9045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159126003059/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022424649","display_name":"Laurine Messager","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198244214","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ajp46","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088668","display_name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/003vg9w96","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104684","display_name":"VetAgro Sup","ror":"https://ror.org/01c7wz417","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104684"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138910","display_name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores","ror":"https://ror.org/03yvemy54","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210104684","https://openalex.org/I4210138910"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurine Messager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint Gen\u00e8s-Champanelle, 63122, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint Gen\u00e8s-Champanelle, 63122, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210104684","https://openalex.org/I4210138910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071226128","display_name":"Nad\u00e8ge Aigueperse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6007-5854","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6007-5854"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198244214","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ajp46","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088668","display_name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/003vg9w96","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104684","display_name":"VetAgro Sup","ror":"https://ror.org/01c7wz417","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104684"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138910","display_name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores","ror":"https://ror.org/03yvemy54","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210104684","https://openalex.org/I4210138910"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nad\u00e8ge Aigueperse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint Gen\u00e8s-Champanelle, 63122, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint Gen\u00e8s-Champanelle, 63122, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210104684","https://openalex.org/I4210138910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155568359","display_name":"Laurent Brunet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088668","display_name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/003vg9w96","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258581","display_name":"Agrosyst\u00e8mes territoires ressources Mirecourt","ror":"https://ror.org/00xvd0z96","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4405258581"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Brunet","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRAE, UR ASTER, Mirecourt, 88500, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRAE, UR ASTER, Mirecourt, 88500, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4405258581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024469340","display_name":"Xavier Boivin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5454","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5454"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198244214","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ajp46","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088668","display_name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/003vg9w96","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104684","display_name":"VetAgro Sup","ror":"https://ror.org/01c7wz417","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104684"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138910","display_name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores","ror":"https://ror.org/03yvemy54","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210104684","https://openalex.org/I4210138910"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Boivin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint Gen\u00e8s-Champanelle, 63122, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint Gen\u00e8s-Champanelle, 63122, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210104684","https://openalex.org/I4210138910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071226128"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210104684","https://openalex.org/I4210138910"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69866376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"305","issue":null,"first_page":"107212","last_page":"107212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11214","display_name":"Human-Animal Interaction Studies","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12322","display_name":"Animal health and immunology","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dairy-calves","display_name":"dairy calves","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-attachment","display_name":"social attachment","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocalizations","display_name":"vocalizations","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calf-welfare","display_name":"calf welfare","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-dairy-farming","display_name":"organic dairy farming","score":0.9240000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16252375","display_name":"HUBzero","level":4,"score":0.6236000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777226563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q606591","display_name":"Animal-assisted therapy","level":4,"score":0.5360999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5088000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776977481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915","display_name":"Dairy cattle","level":2,"score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779771469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428918","display_name":"Lameness","level":2,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187898756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395324","display_name":"Agonistic behaviour","level":3,"score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523966790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459426","display_name":"Animal welfare","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992430653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430789","display_name":"Foster parents","level":3,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52820260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551312","display_name":"Social preferences","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018573395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q606591","display_name":"Pet therapy","level":3,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778053677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30121","display_name":"Pasture","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110379092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571836","display_name":"Social environment","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983406839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q921513","display_name":"Social behaviour","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983492250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637776","display_name":"Dairy industry","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988419192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7155","display_name":"Animal behavior","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778856526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179381","display_name":"Cow-calf","level":3,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991862235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Animal health","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993273237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551028","display_name":"Social contact","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107212","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159126003059/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179500637","display_name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","issn_l":"0168-1591","issn":["0168-1591","1872-9045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05794012v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05794012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2026, 305, pp.107212. &#x27E8;10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107212&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107212","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159126003059/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179500637","display_name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","issn_l":"0168-1591","issn":["0168-1591","1872-9045"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6875,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G582027758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16-IDEX-0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331560","funder_display_name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331560","display_name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/003vg9w96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215716853.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215716853.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556246491","https://openalex.org/W1637715610","https://openalex.org/W1966956099","https://openalex.org/W1972720630","https://openalex.org/W1981674837","https://openalex.org/W1981738205","https://openalex.org/W1982061644","https://openalex.org/W1996007328","https://openalex.org/W2013850081","https://openalex.org/W2019592496","https://openalex.org/W2026019681","https://openalex.org/W2044644367","https://openalex.org/W2054129410","https://openalex.org/W2076059783","https://openalex.org/W2082025630","https://openalex.org/W2091068804","https://openalex.org/W2091863037","https://openalex.org/W2093627523","https://openalex.org/W2108193657","https://openalex.org/W2108667976","https://openalex.org/W2139461810","https://openalex.org/W2149692667","https://openalex.org/W2156656112","https://openalex.org/W2161990013","https://openalex.org/W2166013239","https://openalex.org/W2166430871","https://openalex.org/W2171468495","https://openalex.org/W2177468278","https://openalex.org/W2608862330","https://openalex.org/W2763083551","https://openalex.org/W2765505059","https://openalex.org/W2797674354","https://openalex.org/W2802649760","https://openalex.org/W2940512813","https://openalex.org/W3028223339","https://openalex.org/W3041553733","https://openalex.org/W3045978677","https://openalex.org/W3117550730","https://openalex.org/W3162641743","https://openalex.org/W3207673681","https://openalex.org/W4212775797","https://openalex.org/W4296695193","https://openalex.org/W4297985210","https://openalex.org/W4310166325","https://openalex.org/W4411140229","https://openalex.org/W4411198030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W191539587","https://openalex.org/W2338388463","https://openalex.org/W2161990013","https://openalex.org/W2080621603","https://openalex.org/W2013850081","https://openalex.org/W7065813487","https://openalex.org/W3165352091","https://openalex.org/W3196217982","https://openalex.org/W3203234865","https://openalex.org/W3045978677"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"practice":[1],"of":[2,48,71,79,146,183,240,248],"using":[3,111],"foster":[4,44,67,88,117,136,155,224],"cows":[5,137,141],"to":[6,30,134,139,197],"nurse":[7],"multiple":[8],"calves":[9,33,64,95,129,151,179],"simultaneously":[10],"is":[11],"becoming":[12],"increasingly":[13],"common":[14],"in":[15,242],"European":[16],"dairy":[17,68,243],"farming,":[18],"particularly":[19],"within":[20],"organic":[21],"systems.":[22,262],"This":[23],"management":[24],"context":[25],"provides":[26],"a":[27,77,112,120],"unique":[28],"opportunity":[29],"investigate":[31],"whether":[32],"reared":[34],"under":[35],"such":[36],"conditions":[37],"can":[38,236],"express":[39],"attachment":[40,241],"responses":[41,221],"towards":[42,86,222],"their":[43,87,116,135,154,223],"cows,":[45,69],"an":[46],"aspect":[47],"calf":[49],"social":[50,250],"and":[51,65,99,119,191,208,252,259],"emotional":[52],"development":[53,239],"that":[54,233],"remains":[55],"poorly":[56],"documented.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59,165,249],"observational":[60],"study,":[61],"twenty-five":[62],"mixed-breed":[63],"nine":[66],"some":[70],"which":[72],"had":[73],"moderate":[74],"lameness":[75],"or":[76],"history":[78],"mastitis,":[80],"were":[81,96,108,130],"monitored.":[82],"Calves\u2019":[83],"preferential":[84,219],"proximity":[85],"cow":[89,118,122,156,160],"was":[90],"recorded":[91],"on":[92],"pasture":[93],"when":[94],"2.5,":[97],"5.5":[98],"8.5":[100],"months":[101],"old.":[102],"At":[103,173],"the":[104,124,158,177,198,206,231,238,246],"same":[105,125],"ages,":[106],"they":[107],"also":[109],"tested":[110],"preference/separation":[113],"paradigm":[114],"between":[115],"familiar":[121,159],"from":[123],"herd.":[126],"On":[127],"pasture,":[128],"repeatedly":[131,217],"observed":[132],"closer":[133],"than":[138],"other":[140],"(p":[142,161,170,188,193],"<":[143,162,171,189,194],"0.001),":[144,163],"irrespective":[145],"age.":[147],"During":[148],"preference":[149,166,199],"tests,":[150],"clearly":[152],"chose":[153],"over":[157],"although":[164],"decreased":[167],"with":[168,230],"age":[169],"0.01).":[172],"all":[174],"ages":[175],"during":[176],"separation,":[178],"displayed":[180],"behavioural":[181],"signs":[182],"distress,":[184],"including":[185],"increased":[186],"vocalisations":[187],"0.01)":[190],"locomotion":[192],"0.05),":[195],"compared":[196],"phase.":[200],"Calves":[201,216],"maintained":[202],"good":[203],"health":[204],"throughout":[205],"study":[207],"showed":[209,218],"high":[210],"average":[211],"daily":[212],"gains":[213],"(826":[214],"g/day).":[215],"proximity-seeking":[220],"cows.":[225],"These":[226],"findings":[227],"are":[228],"compatible":[229],"hypothesis":[232],"foster-cow":[234],"rearing":[235,261],"support":[237],"calves,":[244],"highlighting":[245],"robustness":[247],"relationship":[251],"its":[253],"potential":[254],"relevance":[255],"for":[256],"animal":[257],"welfare":[258],"sustainable":[260]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}