{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215697196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58475/9ma3mh09","title":"DRILL SOWING AND BROADCAST AUGMENTED WITH FURROWS IMPROVED THE PERFORMANCE AND PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT","display_name":"DRILL SOWING AND BROADCAST AUGMENTED WITH FURROWS IMPROVED THE PERFORMANCE AND PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215697196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58475/9ma3mh09"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:jaragri.com/jar:article/216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58475/9ma3mh09","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jaragri.com/jar/index.php/jar/article/view/216","pdf_url":"https://jaragri.com/jar/index.php/jar/article/download/216/160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764659428","display_name":"Journal of Agricultural Research, Pakistan","issn_l":"0368-1157","issn":["0368-1157","2076-7897"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0368-1157","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jaragri.com/jar/index.php/jar/article/download/216/160","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103011670","display_name":"Muhammad Kashif Munir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-3835","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-3835"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110596","display_name":"Ayub Agriculture Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01qbsyz51","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596","https://openalex.org/I4394709246"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Kashif Munir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Scientist, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Scientist, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000690206","display_name":"Siraj Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3372-430X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3372-430X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110596","display_name":"Ayub Agriculture Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01qbsyz51","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596","https://openalex.org/I4394709246"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siraj Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Associate, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Associate, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071570579","display_name":"Nawal Zafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9059-4540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9059-4540"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110596","display_name":"Ayub Agriculture Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01qbsyz51","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596","https://openalex.org/I4394709246"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nawal Zafar*","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scientific Officer, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Officer, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070928014","display_name":"Muhammad Zafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1570-5867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1570-5867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110596","display_name":"Ayub Agriculture Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01qbsyz51","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596","https://openalex.org/I4394709246"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Principal Scientist, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Principal Scientist, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100779602","display_name":"Tariq Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8850-9992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8850-9992"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110596","display_name":"Ayub Agriculture Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01qbsyz51","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596","https://openalex.org/I4394709246"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Principal Scientist, Vegetable and Oilseed Section, Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Principal Scientist, Vegetable and Oilseed Section, Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028647646","display_name":"Muhammad Saqib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-4453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-4453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110596","display_name":"Ayub Agriculture Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01qbsyz51","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596","https://openalex.org/I4394709246"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Saqib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scientific Officer, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Officer, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030328684","display_name":"Babar Hussain Babar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4460-3455","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4460-3455"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110596","display_name":"Ayub Agriculture Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01qbsyz51","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596","https://openalex.org/I4394709246"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babar Hussain Babar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scientific Officer, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Officer, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090575478","display_name":"Fayyaz Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2634-5130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2634-5130"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110596","display_name":"Ayub Agriculture Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01qbsyz51","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596","https://openalex.org/I4394709246"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fayyaz Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Scientist, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Scientist, Cereals and Pulses Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5155948389","display_name":"Saba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saba","raw_affiliation_strings":["M. Phil Student, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M. Phil Student, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071570579"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.4284999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.4284999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.2766000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10733","display_name":"Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology","score":0.1386999934911728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat","display_name":"wheat","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sowing-methods","display_name":"sowing methods","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drill-sowing","display_name":"drill sowing","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting","display_name":"broadcasting","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/furrow-sowing","display_name":"furrow sowing","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bed-sowing","display_name":"bed sowing","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ridge-sowing","display_name":"ridge sowing","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigated-wheat","display_name":"irrigated wheat","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-components","display_name":"yield components","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benefit-cost-ratio","display_name":"benefit-cost ratio","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-profitability","display_name":"economic profitability","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-population","display_name":"plant population","score":0.7360000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.9700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6571999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6363000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5895000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.5098999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75639521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283519","display_name":"Field experiment","level":2,"score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992211155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Grain yield","level":2,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184357244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3738815","display_name":"Sustainable yield","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778824557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1249093","display_name":"Semis","level":3,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:jaragri.com/jar:article/216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58475/9ma3mh09","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jaragri.com/jar/index.php/jar/article/view/216","pdf_url":"https://jaragri.com/jar/index.php/jar/article/download/216/160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764659428","display_name":"Journal of Agricultural Research, Pakistan","issn_l":"0368-1157","issn":["0368-1157","2076-7897"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0368-1157","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:jaragri.com/jar:article/216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58475/9ma3mh09","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jaragri.com/jar/index.php/jar/article/view/216","pdf_url":"https://jaragri.com/jar/index.php/jar/article/download/216/160","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764659428","display_name":"Journal of Agricultural Research, Pakistan","issn_l":"0368-1157","issn":["0368-1157","2076-7897"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0368-1157","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215697196.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215697196.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282578191","https://openalex.org/W4414442587","https://openalex.org/W4413170341","https://openalex.org/W3211577716","https://openalex.org/W3202641702","https://openalex.org/W4392134048","https://openalex.org/W4380669554","https://openalex.org/W2097625006","https://openalex.org/W2321147946","https://openalex.org/W7171880963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Better":[0],"sowing":[1,26,51,56,92,97,100,111,196,224],"method":[2,57],"of":[3,50,61,129,134,182,194,201,206],"a":[4,38,179],"crop":[5,23],"leads":[6],"to":[7,34],"better":[8,55,59,137,237],"production":[9,45,60,239],"by":[10,31,140],"ensuring":[11],"seed":[12],"placement":[13],"at":[14,81],"proper":[15],"depth":[16],"and":[17,22,47,63,79,109,122,142,145,153,163,165,169,174,208,231,240],"resulting":[18],"in":[19,115],"uniform":[20],"emergence":[21],"stand.":[24],"Different":[25],"methods":[27,93,197,235],"are":[28,233],"being":[29],"used":[30],"farmers":[32],"according":[33],"their":[35],"wisdom":[36],"but":[37],"limited":[39],"information":[40],"is":[41],"available":[42],"about":[43],"the":[44,204],"potential":[46],"economic":[48,65],"efficiency":[49,66],"methods.":[52,225],"To":[53],"evaluate":[54],"for":[58,236],"wheat":[62,135,183,238],"its":[64,188],"under":[67,242],"irrigated":[68,243],"conditions":[69],"was":[70,136,185,220,227],"studied":[71],"through":[72],"field":[73],"experiments":[74],"conducted":[75],"during":[76,126,172,198],"year":[77],"2017-18":[78],"2018-19":[80,173],"Agronomic":[82],"research":[83],"Institute,":[84,88],"Ayub":[85],"Agricultural":[86],"Research":[87],"Faisalabad,":[89],"Pakistan.":[90],"Five":[91],"such":[94],"as":[95,210],"drill":[96],"(DS),":[98],"bed":[99],"(BS),":[101],"broadcasting":[102,104],"(BC),":[103],"augmented":[105],"with":[106,187,222],"furrows":[107],"(BAF)":[108],"ridge":[110],"(RS)":[112],"were":[113],"evaluated":[114],"RCBD":[116],"replicated":[117],"thrice.":[118],"Data":[119],"regarding":[120],"yield":[121,123,167,184,189],"contributing":[124,190],"factors":[125],"both":[127,199],"years":[128,200],"study":[130,202],"revealed":[131,203],"that":[132,229],"performance":[133],"when":[138],"sown":[139],"DS":[141,144,207,230],"BAF.":[143],"BAF":[146,209,232],"produced":[147],"significantly":[148],"higher":[149],"plant":[150],"population":[151],"10.84%":[152],"9.84%,":[154],"grains":[155],"per":[156],"spike":[157],"13.45%,":[158],"12.11%,":[159],"1000-grain":[160],"weight":[161],"4.96%":[162],"4.53%":[164],"grain":[166],"11.95%":[168],"11.19%":[170],"respectively":[171,219],"2020-21":[175],"than":[176],"BC.":[177],"Moreover":[178],"strong":[180],"correlation":[181],"observed":[186],"attributes.":[191],"Economic":[192],"analysis":[193],"different":[195],"profitability":[205,241],"more":[211],"benefit-cost":[212],"ratio":[213],"(BCR)":[214],"7.18,":[215],"6.54%":[216],"over":[217],"BC,":[218],"recorded":[221],"these":[223],"It":[226],"concluded":[228],"suitable":[234],"conditions.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-19T09:35:57.686232","created_date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00"}