{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215345310","doi":null,"title":"Experimental Assessment of Soil Wetting Geometry under Point Source Drip Irrigation Using HYDRUS-2D Simulation","display_name":"Experimental Assessment of Soil Wetting Geometry under Point Source Drip Irrigation Using HYDRUS-2D Simulation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215345310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.psmjournals.org:article/997","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://psmjournals.org/index.php/biolres/article/view/997","pdf_url":"https://psmjournals.org/index.php/biolres/article/download/997/794","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524875","display_name":"PSM Biological Research","issn_l":"2517-9586","issn":["2517-9586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2517-9586","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://psmjournals.org/index.php/biolres/article/download/997/794","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111997071","display_name":"Imr\u0430n \u0410rsh\u0430d","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271868","display_name":"Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/036m6v143","country_code":"AE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271868"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arshad, Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Star Services LLC, Ghayathi Extension Center (ADAFSA Project), Ghayathi City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Star Services LLC, Ghayathi Extension Center (ADAFSA Project), Ghayathi City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154099233","display_name":"Ali Ahmed Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271868","display_name":"Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/036m6v143","country_code":"AE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271868"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali, Ali Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghayathi Extension Center, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Ghayathi City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghayathi Extension Center, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Ghayathi City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154023532","display_name":"Mubarak Ahmed Saleh AlMansoori","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271868","display_name":"Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/036m6v143","country_code":"AE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271868"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AlMansoori, Mubarak Ahmed Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Research and Development AlDhafra Region, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Madinat Zayed City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Research and Development AlDhafra Region, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Madinat Zayed City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154120892","display_name":"Phiji Jacob Philip","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip, Phiji Jacob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Star Services LLC, Madinat Zayed Extension Center (ADAFSA Project), Madinat Zayed City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Star Services LLC, Madinat Zayed Extension Center (ADAFSA Project), Madinat Zayed City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053449301","display_name":"Irfan Ahmad Shaikh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47904161","display_name":"Sindh Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s6jxt38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaikh, Irfan Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sindh Agricultural University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sindh Agricultural University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037062805","display_name":"Zah\u0435\u0435r Ahm\u0435d Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-3541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-3541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47904161","display_name":"Sindh Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s6jxt38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khan, Zaheer Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Farm Structures and Postharvest Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sindh Agricultural University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Farm Structures and Postharvest Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sindh Agricultural University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.6348000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.6348000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.3596000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drip-irrigation","display_name":"drip irrigation","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wetting-pattern","display_name":"wetting pattern","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrus-2d","display_name":"HYDRUS-2D","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-infiltration","display_name":"soil water infiltration","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wetted-radius","display_name":"wetted radius","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wetting-depth","display_name":"wetting depth","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loamy-sand","display_name":"loamy sand soil","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/van-genuchten-mualem-model","display_name":"van Genuchten-Mualem model","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-hydraulic-parameters","display_name":"soil hydraulic parameters","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arid-soils","display_name":"arid soils","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-system-design","display_name":"irrigation system design","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emitter-discharge","display_name":"emitter discharge","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-validation","display_name":"model validation","score":0.48100000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134514944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817136","display_name":"Wetting","level":2,"score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113578266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131303","display_name":"Loam","level":3,"score":0.6532999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152453397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746694","display_name":"Drip irrigation","level":3,"score":0.6398000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.573199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103783831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2552709","display_name":"Point source","level":2,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.48249998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46918542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648344","display_name":"Common emitter","level":2,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41478065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645983","display_name":"Surface irrigation","level":3,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182745123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8215188","display_name":"Soil gradation","level":3,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127210992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4291887","display_name":"Volume of fluid method","level":3,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.psmjournals.org:article/997","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://psmjournals.org/index.php/biolres/article/view/997","pdf_url":"https://psmjournals.org/index.php/biolres/article/download/997/794","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524875","display_name":"PSM Biological Research","issn_l":"2517-9586","issn":["2517-9586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2517-9586","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.psmjournals.org:article/997","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://psmjournals.org/index.php/biolres/article/view/997","pdf_url":"https://psmjournals.org/index.php/biolres/article/download/997/794","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306524875","display_name":"PSM Biological Research","issn_l":"2517-9586","issn":["2517-9586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2517-9586","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6618000268936157,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215345310.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215345310.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594398277","https://openalex.org/W1975840238","https://openalex.org/W1980093652","https://openalex.org/W2005410062","https://openalex.org/W2032600630","https://openalex.org/W2048568378","https://openalex.org/W2071352654","https://openalex.org/W2121895253","https://openalex.org/W2466913836","https://openalex.org/W4313410822","https://openalex.org/W4320729080","https://openalex.org/W4383032231","https://openalex.org/W4412022517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370292983","https://openalex.org/W2038237036","https://openalex.org/W3152477112","https://openalex.org/W4310184840","https://openalex.org/W2939241716","https://openalex.org/W7011817333","https://openalex.org/W2249384995","https://openalex.org/W1962197300","https://openalex.org/W2997859049","https://openalex.org/W2034144480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Numerical":[0],"modeling":[1],"of":[2,4,33,61,80,95,159,162,173,219,228,247,258,265,310,321,333,352,366],"movement":[3],"water":[5],"through":[6],"the":[7,12,20,30,34,38,53,74,93,96,157,160,163,170,179,206,211,255,262,266,276,282,289,293,301,311,331,334,341,364,367,371],"soil":[8,60,76,97,114],"can":[9],"effectively":[10],"estimate":[11],"wetting":[13,35,54,207,229,252,283,325],"pattern":[14,55],"below":[15,37],"drip":[16,374],"emitters":[17],"and":[18,102,108,150,187,223,242,251,323,340],"analyse":[19],"irrigation":[21,88,212,256,306],"design":[22],"parameters":[23,116,131],"in":[24,56,169],"arid":[25],"soils.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"simulated":[29,232,324],"time-based":[31],"variations":[32],"volume":[36,208,369],"surface":[39,94,103,106,220,248],"point":[40,193,372],"source":[41,194,373],"emitter":[42,195],"using":[43],"HYDRUS-2D":[44],"software.":[45],"The":[46,87,113,127,165,192,231,308],"two-dimensional":[47],"model":[48,130,172,267,285,313,342,361],"was":[49,90,196,203,268,314],"utilized":[50],"to":[51,236,338],"evaluate":[52],"a":[57,78,198,318],"loamy":[58],"sand":[59],"Ghayathi,":[62],"Abu":[63],"Dhabi,":[64],"United":[65],"Arab":[66],"Emirates,":[67],"by":[68,181,316],"considering":[69],"an":[70],"experiment":[71,89],"conducted":[72],"on":[73,156,271],"non-cropped":[75],"with":[77,98,123,214,254],"discharge":[79],"2":[81],"L":[82],"h-1":[83,155],"for":[84,275,281,288,292,327],"180":[85,259],"min.":[86,260],"performed":[91],"at":[92,119,304],"15":[99,124],"min":[100],"intervals,":[101],"wetted":[104,221,249,277,368],"radius,":[105],"diameter,":[107],"maximum":[109],"depth":[110,122,253],"were":[111,117,132,234],"determined.":[112],"hydraulic":[115],"found":[118,235],"0-75":[120],"cm":[121,125,154,177,218,227,241,246,274,280],"intervals.":[126],"van":[128],"Genuchten-Mualem":[129],"calculated":[133],"as":[134],"\u03b8":[135,139],"r":[136],"=":[137,141,144,148,152],"0.043,":[138],"s":[140],"0.368,":[142],"\u03b1":[143],"0.069":[145],"cm-1,":[146],"n":[147],"1.73,":[149],"Ks":[151],"1.56":[153],"average":[158],"five-layer":[161],"soil.":[164],"simulation":[166],"process":[167,213],"involved":[168],"2-D":[171],"70":[174],"\u00d7":[175],"100":[176],"covered":[178],"domain":[180],"dividing":[182],"it":[183],"into":[184],"1,543":[185],"nodes":[186],"3,084":[188],"triangular":[189],"finite":[190],"elements.":[191],"assumed":[197],"constant-flux":[199],"boundary":[200],"condition.":[201],"It":[202],"observed":[204,322],"that":[205,359],"increased":[209],"during":[210],"12.0":[215],"-":[216,225,239,244],"24.0":[217],"radius":[222,250],"16.0":[224],"74.0":[226],"depth.":[230],"values":[233],"be":[237],"11.38":[238],"22.03":[240],"16.45":[243],"69.40":[245],"time":[257],"Additionally,":[261],"good":[263],"performance":[264],"evaluated":[269],"based":[270],"RMSE":[272],"(1.07":[273],"radius;":[278,290],"3.19":[279],"depth),":[284,294],"efficiency":[286,343],"(91.80%":[287],"96.62%":[291],"R2":[295],"(>":[296],"0.98),":[297],"which":[298],"slightly":[299],"underestimated":[300],"experimental":[302],"measurements":[303],"long":[305],"durations.":[307,329],"accuracy":[309],"HYDRUS\u20112D":[312,360],"verified":[315],"plotting":[317],"log-log":[319],"regression":[320],"dimensions":[326],"all":[328],"Since":[330],"slope":[332],"line":[335],"is":[336,344,349],"close":[337],"one":[339],"greater":[345],"than":[346],"90%,":[347],"there":[348],"no":[350],"evidence":[351],"scale":[353],"dependence.":[354],"Hence,":[355],"these":[356],"results":[357],"confirm":[358],"satisfactorily":[362],"describes":[363],"geometry":[365],"under":[370],"irrigation.":[375]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00"}
