{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215332020","doi":null,"title":"Critical Analysis of Foreign Involvement in Syrian Crisis","display_name":"Critical Analysis of Foreign Involvement in Syrian Crisis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215332020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.ijssa.com:article/62","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijssa.com/index.php/ijssa/article/view/62","pdf_url":"https://ijssa.com/index.php/ijssa/article/download/62/507","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407066219","display_name":"International Journal of Social Science Archives (IJSSA)","issn_l":"2707-8892","issn":["2707-8892","2957-9392"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2707-8892","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijssa.com/index.php/ijssa/article/download/62/507","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078663421","display_name":"Nazim Rahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9629-4039","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9629-4039"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145034","display_name":"Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ke3vc41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145034"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahim, Nazim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant professor, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154142005","display_name":"Tahir Ullah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145034","display_name":"Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ke3vc41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145034"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahir Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & International Relations , Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology Peshawar ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & International Relations , Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology Peshawar ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145034"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153701014","display_name":"Muhammad Alam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255199","display_name":"University of Buner","ror":"https://ror.org/02qv1bd91","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255199"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Demonstrator University of Bunner"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Demonstrator University of Bunner","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63589688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13634","display_name":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12752","display_name":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syrian-civil-war","display_name":"Syrian civil war","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-intervention","display_name":"foreign intervention","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arab-spring","display_name":"Arab Spring","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanitarian-crises","display_name":"humanitarian crisis","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sectarian-conflict","display_name":"sectarian conflict","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socio-economic-conditions","display_name":"socioeconomic conditions","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-power","display_name":"regional power","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-actors","display_name":"conflict actors","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syrian-politics","display_name":"Syrian politics","score":0.5950000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6510999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.6247000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5536999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617059","display_name":"Humanitarian crisis","level":3,"score":0.5444999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778745634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397926","display_name":"Refugee crisis","level":3,"score":0.5430999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018716944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559076","display_name":"Syrian refugees","level":3,"score":0.5424000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993755853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381072","display_name":"Political crisis","level":3,"score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93377909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181648","display_name":"Foreign policy","level":3,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019338729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198","display_name":"Armed conflict","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993144071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206887","display_name":"Civilian population","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513891491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181865","display_name":"Civil society","level":3,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779627259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779763","display_name":"Pretext","level":3,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13367683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860599","display_name":"Internal conflict","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.ijssa.com:article/62","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijssa.com/index.php/ijssa/article/view/62","pdf_url":"https://ijssa.com/index.php/ijssa/article/download/62/507","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407066219","display_name":"International Journal of Social Science Archives (IJSSA)","issn_l":"2707-8892","issn":["2707-8892","2957-9392"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2707-8892","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.ijssa.com:article/62","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijssa.com/index.php/ijssa/article/view/62","pdf_url":"https://ijssa.com/index.php/ijssa/article/download/62/507","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407066219","display_name":"International Journal of Social Science Archives (IJSSA)","issn_l":"2707-8892","issn":["2707-8892","2957-9392"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2707-8892","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215332020.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215332020.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950395690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7219166373","https://openalex.org/W3177199510","https://openalex.org/W3155576568","https://openalex.org/W7220279648","https://openalex.org/W3208452289","https://openalex.org/W7117883424","https://openalex.org/W4249574163","https://openalex.org/W274525138","https://openalex.org/W3167237077","https://openalex.org/W4293567709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,109],"paper":[1],"gives":[2],"an":[3],"overview":[4],"of":[5,23,66,91,102,131],"Syrian":[6,25,29,42,93],"history,":[7],"present-day":[8],"Syria,":[9],"and":[10,32,63,82,95,123,142],"politics":[11],"in":[12,38,45,50,87,119],"the":[13,16,21,24,34,46,51,67,78,88,92,103,113,117,135,140,144],"run-up":[14],"to":[15,85],"crisis.":[17],"It":[18,74],"also":[19,76,111],"explains":[20],"genesis":[22],"conflict,":[26],"Arab":[27],"Spring,":[28],"civil":[30],"war,":[31],"examines":[33],"different":[35],"actors":[36,115],"involved":[37],"this":[39],"process.":[40],"The":[41,129],"crisis":[43,49,141],"results":[44],"worst":[47],"humanitarian":[48],"region":[52],"after":[53],"world":[54],"war":[55],"II":[56],"by":[57],"killing":[58],"more":[59],"than":[60],"470,000":[61],"people":[62],"displacing":[64],"half":[65],"country's":[68],"population":[69],"both":[70],"internally":[71],"or":[72,106],"externally.":[73],"has":[75],"paved":[77],"way":[79,105],"for":[80,138],"regional":[81],"extra-regional":[83],"powers":[84,133],"indulge":[86],"internal":[89],"conflict":[90,118],"state":[94],"seek":[96],"their":[97],"interests":[98],"through":[99],"anyways,":[100],"irrespective":[101],"hard":[104],"soft":[107],"way.":[108],"work":[110],"examined":[112],"key":[114],"fueling":[116],"Syria.":[120,128],"Sectarian":[121],"division":[122],"failed":[124],"socio-economic":[125],"conditions":[126],"within":[127],"intervention":[130],"foreign":[132],"was":[134],"main":[136],"reason":[137],"deepening":[139],"prolonged":[143],"conflict.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00"}