{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215240672","doi":null,"title":"Oral Cancer: Diagnostic Considerations","display_name":"Oral Cancer: Diagnostic Considerations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215240672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.publications.nomiot.com.ng:article/195","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.nomiot.com.ng/index.php/njdme/article/view/195","pdf_url":"https://publications.nomiot.com.ng/index.php/njdme/article/download/195/139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407065614","display_name":"Nigerian Journal of Medical and Dental Education","issn_l":"2714-4127","issn":["2714-4127"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2714-4127","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://publications.nomiot.com.ng/index.php/njdme/article/download/195/139","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153687084","display_name":"EV ORIKPETE","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100116408","display_name":"University of Port Harcourt","ror":"https://ror.org/005bw2d06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100116408"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"ORIKPETE , EV","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100116408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5153687084"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100116408"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10307","display_name":"Head and Neck Cancer Studies","score":0.08550000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13761","display_name":"HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-cancer","display_name":"oral cancer","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-diagnosis","display_name":"early diagnosis","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-cancer-screening","display_name":"oral cancer screening","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-and-alcohol-use","display_name":"alcohol and tobacco use","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kola-nut","display_name":"kola nut","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-malaria","display_name":"chronic malaria","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malnutrition","display_name":"malnutrition","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-diagnosis","display_name":"delayed diagnosis","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autofluorescence","display_name":"autofluorescence","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salivary-biomarkers","display_name":"salivary biomarkers","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-cancer-prognosis","display_name":"oral cancer prognosis","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigeria","display_name":"Nigeria","score":0.6790000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8804000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909289247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143025","display_name":"Oral Cancers","level":3,"score":0.5536999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527108885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835153","display_name":"Physical examination","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206179267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188952","display_name":"Medical history","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992672162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Oral health","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54510867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2508462","display_name":"Oral and maxillofacial pathology","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823","display_name":"Survival rate","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.publications.nomiot.com.ng:article/195","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.nomiot.com.ng/index.php/njdme/article/view/195","pdf_url":"https://publications.nomiot.com.ng/index.php/njdme/article/download/195/139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407065614","display_name":"Nigerian Journal of Medical and Dental Education","issn_l":"2714-4127","issn":["2714-4127"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2714-4127","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.publications.nomiot.com.ng:article/195","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.nomiot.com.ng/index.php/njdme/article/view/195","pdf_url":"https://publications.nomiot.com.ng/index.php/njdme/article/download/195/139","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407065614","display_name":"Nigerian Journal of Medical and Dental Education","issn_l":"2714-4127","issn":["2714-4127"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2714-4127","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215240672.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215240672.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2759886168","https://openalex.org/W2971361125","https://openalex.org/W3171108477","https://openalex.org/W4206311377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148574670","https://openalex.org/W4406221916","https://openalex.org/W7000962316","https://openalex.org/W3111800792","https://openalex.org/W7032591607","https://openalex.org/W2048286342","https://openalex.org/W2220310063","https://openalex.org/W4367336012","https://openalex.org/W4404395188","https://openalex.org/W4410204732"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Globally,":[0],"oral":[1,29,50,67,93,129,139,144,173,187,209,216,239],"cancer":[2,30,68,94,140,240],"is":[3,19,69,81,95,121],"among":[4],"the":[5,16,22,32,99,122,126,169,179,184,244],"top":[6],"10":[7],"most":[8],"common":[9],"cancers,":[10],"and":[11,37,55,86,98,114,149,159,227,247],"despite":[12],"being":[13],"largely":[14],"preventable,":[15],"global":[17],"incidence":[18,237],"still":[20],"on":[21],"rise.":[23],"The":[24,63],"major":[25,180],"risk":[26,44],"factors":[27,45,177],"for":[28,66,118,125,138,196],"in":[31,41,88,167,182,221,235],"Western":[33],"world":[34],"are":[35],"tobacco":[36],"alcohol":[38],"consumption,":[39],"but":[40,131],"Nigeria,":[42],"other":[43,132],"like":[46],"poverty,":[47],"malnutrition,":[48],"poor":[49],"hygiene,":[51],"kolanuts,":[52],"immune":[53],"suppression":[54],"chronic":[56],"malaria":[57],"may":[58,212],"play":[59,178],"a":[60,72],"greater":[61],"role.":[62],"overall":[64],"prognosis":[65],"poor,":[70],"with":[71],"5-year":[73,100],"survival":[74,101],"rate":[75,102],"of":[76,128,161,172,186,229,238],"about":[77],"50%,":[78],"although":[79],"this":[80],"due":[82],"to":[83,104,198,215],"late":[84],"presentation":[85],"delays":[87],"diagnosis.":[89,116],"When":[90],"diagnosed":[91],"early,":[92],"potentially":[96],"curable,":[97],"increases":[103],"over":[105],"80%.":[106],"So,":[107],"efforts":[108],"should":[109],"be":[110,213],"geared":[111],"towards":[112],"prevention":[113],"early":[115,170],"Biopsy":[117],"histopathologic":[119],"examination":[120],"gold":[123],"standard":[124],"diagnosis":[127,171,185],"cancer,":[130,188],"methods":[133,151,232],"that":[134,211],"have":[135,164],"been":[136],"used":[137],"screening":[141,231],"include":[142],"visual":[143],"examination,":[145],"vital":[146],"staining,":[147],"cytology,":[148],"light-based":[150],"e.g.":[152],"autofluorescence.":[153],"In":[154],"recent":[155],"times,":[156],"artificial":[157],"intelligence":[158],"use":[160,228],"salivary":[162],"biomarkers":[163],"shown":[165],"promise":[166],"improving":[168],"cancer.":[174,217],"Patient":[175],"related":[176],"role":[181],"delaying":[183],"as":[189,241,243],"patients":[190],"often":[191],"delay":[192],"seeking":[193],"professional":[194],"advice":[195],"up":[197],"6":[199],"months":[200],"or":[201],"more":[202],"from":[203],"when":[204],"they":[205],"first":[206],"notice":[207],"any":[208],"symptom":[210],"linked":[214],"Public":[218],"education,":[219],"improvement":[220],"health-seeking":[222],"behaviour,":[223],"better":[224],"healthcare":[225],"facilities":[226],"adjunctive":[230],"will":[233],"help":[234],"reducing":[236],"well":[242],"associated":[245],"morbidity":[246],"mortality":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00"}
