{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215219476","doi":null,"title":"UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES TOWARDS CONSUMERS IN THE DIGITAL ERA: BETWEEN REGULATION AND REALITY","display_name":"UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES TOWARDS CONSUMERS IN THE DIGITAL ERA: BETWEEN REGULATION AND REALITY","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215219476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.jishup.org:article/197","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jishup.org/index.php/ojs/article/view/197","pdf_url":"https://jishup.org/index.php/ojs/article/download/197/161","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407066837","display_name":"Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy","issn_l":"3031-2280","issn":["3031-2280"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.59733/jishup.v3i4","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jishup.org/index.php/ojs/article/download/197/161","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083237820","display_name":"Imelda Mardayanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-482X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-482X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260902","display_name":"Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Bina Karya","ror":"https://ror.org/04f56f814","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260902"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Imelda Mardayanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["STIE Bina Karya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STIE Bina Karya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260902"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083237820"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260902"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14362","display_name":"Diverse Legal and Medical Studies","score":0.8759999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14362","display_name":"Diverse Legal and Medical Studies","score":0.8759999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.065700002014637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14291","display_name":"Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies","score":0.02500000037252903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unfair-commercial-practices","display_name":"unfair commercial practices","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-consumer-protection","display_name":"digital consumer protection","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-patterns","display_name":"dark patterns","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-bias","display_name":"algorithmic bias","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-pricing","display_name":"dynamic pricing","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/review-manipulation","display_name":"review manipulation","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-data-protection","display_name":"personal data protection","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-protection-law","display_name":"consumer protection law","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-information-and-transactions-law","display_name":"Electronic Information and Transactions Law","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-gaps","display_name":"legislative gaps","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-dispute-resolution","display_name":"online dispute resolution","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethics-by-design","display_name":"ethics by design","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-regulation","display_name":"self-regulation","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesia","display_name":"Indonesia","score":0.6050000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5231000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.49779999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989499966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664183","display_name":"Consumer protection","level":2,"score":0.4855000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135789","display_name":"Unintended consequences","level":2,"score":0.40720000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131676636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282696","display_name":"Dispute resolution","level":2,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86432685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219186","display_name":"Commercial law","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776841582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264236","display_name":"Law reform","level":2,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778680907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725430","display_name":"Lawmaking","level":3,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67497173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977345","display_name":"Legal aspects of computing","level":3,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33199155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2277143","display_name":"Sharing economy","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777646416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242069","display_name":"Digital literacy","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537843408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192532","display_name":"Digital rights management","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776266046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3401418","display_name":"Unfair competition","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778656907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164712","display_name":"Consumer privacy","level":3,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20220385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3039961","display_name":"Consumer Bill of Rights","level":3,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170706310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30216","display_name":"Common law","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17632256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076968","display_name":"Digital media","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309700","display_name":"Regulatory reform","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992867849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851147","display_name":"Consumer welfare","level":3,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203043789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138461","display_name":"Digital economy","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779151265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156791","display_name":"Copying","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68489960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370659","display_name":"Transactional leadership","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.jishup.org:article/197","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jishup.org/index.php/ojs/article/view/197","pdf_url":"https://jishup.org/index.php/ojs/article/download/197/161","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407066837","display_name":"Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy","issn_l":"3031-2280","issn":["3031-2280"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.59733/jishup.v3i4","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.jishup.org:article/197","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jishup.org/index.php/ojs/article/view/197","pdf_url":"https://jishup.org/index.php/ojs/article/download/197/161","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407066837","display_name":"Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy","issn_l":"3031-2280","issn":["3031-2280"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.59733/jishup.v3i4","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215219476.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215219476.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7168378636","https://openalex.org/W7204932214","https://openalex.org/W7215998893","https://openalex.org/W7204861772","https://openalex.org/W7204940466","https://openalex.org/W7216198884","https://openalex.org/W4406098418","https://openalex.org/W7215472420","https://openalex.org/W4416857597","https://openalex.org/W7215453211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,83,175],"digital":[1,43,152,169,210,243],"era":[2],"has":[3],"radically":[4],"transformed":[5],"the":[6,26,33,129,188,235,242,253],"business":[7,39],"landscape,":[8],"creating":[9],"an":[10],"ecosystem":[11],"that":[12,87,163],"offers":[13],"unprecedented":[14],"transactional":[15],"convenience":[16],"alongside":[17],"structural":[18],"vulnerabilities":[19],"for":[20],"consumers.":[21],"This":[22,160],"journal":[23,161],"critically":[24],"analyzes":[25],"discrepancy":[27],"between":[28,141,255],"existing":[29],"regulatory":[30,185],"frameworks":[31],"and":[32,50,58,77,110,112,138,143,154,167,183,198,213,220,224,245,257],"rapidly":[34],"evolving":[35],"reality":[36],"of":[37,61,64,80,97,105,116,131,190],"unfair":[38],"practices":[40],"in":[41,147,241],"Indonesia's":[42,89],"space.":[44],"Employing":[45],"normative":[46],"legal":[47,90],"research":[48,84],"methods":[49],"a":[51,164,249],"critical":[52],"approach,":[53],"this":[54],"study":[55],"conducts":[56],"horizontal":[57],"in-depth":[59],"examinations":[60],"various":[62],"forms":[63],"exploitative":[65],"practices,":[66],"including":[67],"dark":[68],"patterns,":[69],"algorithmic":[70],"bias,":[71],"personalized":[72],"dynamic":[73],"pricing,":[74],"review":[75],"manipulation,":[76],"systematic":[78],"violations":[79],"personal":[81],"data.":[82],"findings":[85,232],"reveal":[86],"despite":[88],"foundations":[91],"such":[92],"as":[93],"Law":[94,102,113],"Number":[95,103,114],"8":[96],"1999":[98],"concerning":[99,107,118],"Consumer":[100],"Protection,":[101,121],"19":[104],"2016":[106],"Electronic":[108],"Information":[109],"Transactions,":[111],"27":[115],"2022":[117],"Personal":[119],"Data":[120],"significant":[122],"implementation":[123],"gaps":[124],"persist.":[125],"Structural":[126],"barriers":[127],"include":[128],"pace":[130],"technological":[132,139],"innovation":[133],"outpacing":[134],"legislative":[135],"responses,":[136],"information":[137],"asymmetry":[140],"businesses":[142],"regulators,":[144],"technical":[145,192],"difficulties":[146],"gathering":[148],"evidence,":[149],"low":[150],"consumer":[151,170,207,239],"literacy,":[153],"fragmentation":[155],"among":[156,229],"law":[157,240],"enforcement":[158],"institutions.":[159],"concludes":[162],"more":[165,181],"adaptive":[166],"proactive":[168],"protection":[171],"paradigm":[172],"is":[173],"necessary.":[174],"proposed":[176],"policy":[177],"recommendations":[178],"include:":[179],"(1)":[180],"responsive":[182],"specific":[184],"reform":[186],"through":[187,201,209],"issuance":[189],"implementing":[191],"regulations;":[193],"(2)":[194],"strengthening":[195],"institutional":[196],"capacity":[197],"inter-authority":[199],"synergy":[200],"establishing":[202],"integrated":[203],"task":[204],"forces;":[205],"(3)":[206],"empowerment":[208],"literacy":[211],"education":[212],"developing":[214],"online":[215],"dispute":[216],"resolution":[217],"(ODR)":[218],"mechanisms;":[219],"(4)":[221],"encouraging":[222],"self-regulation":[223],"ethics":[225],"by":[226],"design":[227],"principles":[228],"businesses.":[230],"These":[231],"contribute":[233],"to":[234,251],"academic":[236],"discourse":[237],"on":[238],"age":[244],"provide":[246],"policymakers":[247],"with":[248],"roadmap":[250],"bridge":[252],"gap":[254],"regulation":[256],"reality.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-05T09:50:58.205359","created_date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00"}