{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215115656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16100883","title":"MOF-Derived Single-Atom and Nanocluster Electrocatalysts: Classification, Synthesis, and Active-Site Modulation","display_name":"MOF-Derived Single-Atom and Nanocluster Electrocatalysts: Classification, Synthesis, and Active-Site Modulation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215115656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16100883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/catal16100883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16100883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16100883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738539744","display_name":"Catalysts","issn_l":"2073-4344","issn":["2073-4344"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Catalysts","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16100883","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153816152","display_name":"Wenkai Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenkai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153937197","display_name":"Xinyu Ji","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026686119","display_name":"Yao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-9710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-9710"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","Zhuhai Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai 519088, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-9710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhuhai Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai 519088, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026686119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2654},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2654},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51931706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"883","last_page":"883"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10192","display_name":"Catalytic Processes in Materials Science","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11784","display_name":"CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-atom-catalysts","display_name":"single-atom catalysts","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-nanoclusters","display_name":"metal nanoclusters","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-evolution-reaction","display_name":"hydrogen evolution reaction","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-evolution-reaction","display_name":"oxygen evolution reaction","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-reduction-reaction","display_name":"oxygen reduction reaction","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-site-engineering","display_name":"active site engineering","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordination-modulation","display_name":"coordination modulation","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-structure-tuning","display_name":"electronic structure modulation","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synergistic-catalysis","display_name":"synergistic catalysis","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operando-characterization","display_name":"operando characterization","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-activity-relationship","display_name":"structure-activity relationship","score":0.8349999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.6879000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5626999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45206210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2415817","display_name":"Nanoscopic scale","level":2,"score":0.5160999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778647224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1398701","display_name":"Hydrogen spillover","level":3,"score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135473242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4147614","display_name":"Oxygen evolution","level":4,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.3937999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994571290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106750579","display_name":"Oxygen reduction reaction","level":4,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66823137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757568","display_name":"Atomic units","level":2,"score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86025842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358432","display_name":"Electronic structure","level":2,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77066764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178674","display_name":"Nanometre","level":2,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141400236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479544","display_name":"Nanoelectronics","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991944050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36534","display_name":"Reaction conditions","level":3,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41183919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423026","display_name":"Active site","level":3,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35590869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697332","display_name":"Water splitting","level":4,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186187911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093894","display_name":"Nanostructure","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/catal16100883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16100883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16100883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738539744","display_name":"Catalysts","issn_l":"2073-4344","issn":["2073-4344"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Catalysts","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/catal16100883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16100883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16100883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738539744","display_name":"Catalysts","issn_l":"2073-4344","issn":["2073-4344"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Catalysts","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.571399986743927,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000845035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 52472042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2550657007","https://openalex.org/W2561142960","https://openalex.org/W2594057453","https://openalex.org/W2735002352","https://openalex.org/W2898365681","https://openalex.org/W2911332130","https://openalex.org/W2920395622","https://openalex.org/W2961410931","https://openalex.org/W2967299079","https://openalex.org/W3004787932","https://openalex.org/W3006196172","https://openalex.org/W3006980593","https://openalex.org/W3125869918","https://openalex.org/W3128385947","https://openalex.org/W3169220044","https://openalex.org/W3183505840","https://openalex.org/W3189126812","https://openalex.org/W3207726575","https://openalex.org/W4205493828","https://openalex.org/W4206313524","https://openalex.org/W4214669116","https://openalex.org/W4220879750","https://openalex.org/W4290805514","https://openalex.org/W4306404103","https://openalex.org/W4306711584","https://openalex.org/W4308314961","https://openalex.org/W4319294625","https://openalex.org/W4320495054","https://openalex.org/W4327920706","https://openalex.org/W4366317348","https://openalex.org/W4367311905","https://openalex.org/W4376869003","https://openalex.org/W4379614943","https://openalex.org/W4384471060","https://openalex.org/W4386939731","https://openalex.org/W4387007729","https://openalex.org/W4388185475","https://openalex.org/W4388691857","https://openalex.org/W4389454759","https://openalex.org/W4389938275","https://openalex.org/W4390021956","https://openalex.org/W4390684578","https://openalex.org/W4390837323","https://openalex.org/W4391109251","https://openalex.org/W4391768346","https://openalex.org/W4392477163","https://openalex.org/W4393333453","https://openalex.org/W4394684974","https://openalex.org/W4394998837","https://openalex.org/W4395678069","https://openalex.org/W4398140343","https://openalex.org/W4399860936","https://openalex.org/W4399906284","https://openalex.org/W4400051181","https://openalex.org/W4400247487","https://openalex.org/W4400615324","https://openalex.org/W4401734133","https://openalex.org/W4401970934","https://openalex.org/W4402395093","https://openalex.org/W4403627201","https://openalex.org/W4404808497","https://openalex.org/W4405384480","https://openalex.org/W4406187378","https://openalex.org/W4406771219","https://openalex.org/W4407107697","https://openalex.org/W4407155021","https://openalex.org/W4407259740","https://openalex.org/W4407284110","https://openalex.org/W4407895307","https://openalex.org/W4408342840","https://openalex.org/W4408519329","https://openalex.org/W4408681985","https://openalex.org/W4409209678","https://openalex.org/W4409810996","https://openalex.org/W4410077898","https://openalex.org/W4410195245","https://openalex.org/W4410282422","https://openalex.org/W4410540533","https://openalex.org/W4410590884","https://openalex.org/W4411006494","https://openalex.org/W4411881818","https://openalex.org/W4412181542","https://openalex.org/W4412640182","https://openalex.org/W4412650132","https://openalex.org/W4414660634","https://openalex.org/W4415270951","https://openalex.org/W4415535032","https://openalex.org/W4415542959","https://openalex.org/W4416538935","https://openalex.org/W4417331310","https://openalex.org/W7082404314","https://openalex.org/W7117302790","https://openalex.org/W7117318312","https://openalex.org/W7117484492","https://openalex.org/W7119476372","https://openalex.org/W7119481884","https://openalex.org/W7124677117","https://openalex.org/W7125505410","https://openalex.org/W7125610247","https://openalex.org/W7131411309","https://openalex.org/W7134129569","https://openalex.org/W7140093703","https://openalex.org/W7141135429","https://openalex.org/W7142839093","https://openalex.org/W7153974791","https://openalex.org/W7162131147","https://openalex.org/W7167465677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2887063158","https://openalex.org/W3127399018","https://openalex.org/W4403627201","https://openalex.org/W3048608014","https://openalex.org/W4408796055","https://openalex.org/W3097024259","https://openalex.org/W3126038528","https://openalex.org/W3093953992","https://openalex.org/W4411045206","https://openalex.org/W4411084181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Single-atom\u2013nanocluster":[0],"(SA\u2013NC)":[1],"architectures":[2],"combine":[3],"atomically":[4],"dispersed":[5],"metal":[6,36],"sites":[7],"and":[8,18,27,38,70,83,90,100,105,117,128,164],"nanoscale":[9],"ensembles,":[10],"leveraging":[11],"high":[12],"utilization,":[13],"defined":[14],"coordination,":[15],"cooperative":[16],"adsorption,":[17],"tunable":[19],"electronics":[20],"to":[21,48,167],"generate":[22],"synergy":[23],"via":[24],"spatial,":[25],"electronic,":[26],"intermediate-transfer":[28],"pathways.":[29],"Metal\u2013organic":[30],"framework":[31],"(MOF)-derived":[32],"materials":[33],"with":[34,151],"ordered":[35],"nodes":[37],"structural":[39],"diversity":[40],"enable":[41],"regulating":[42],"these":[43],"active":[44,146,184],"centers":[45],"from":[46,75,176],"atomic":[47],"nanometer":[49],"scales.":[50],"This":[51],"review":[52],"systematically":[53],"summarizes":[54],"recent":[55],"advances":[56],"in":[57,109,142],"MOF-derived":[58],"electrocatalysts":[59],"for":[60],"the":[61,76,88,97,106,159],"hydrogen":[62],"evolution":[63,67],"reaction":[64,68,73],"(HER),":[65],"oxygen":[66,71],"(OER),":[69],"reduction":[72],"(ORR)":[74],"perspectives":[77],"of":[78,94,103,161],"material":[79],"classification,":[80],"controllable":[81],"synthesis,":[82],"active-site":[84],"engineering.":[85],"We":[86,120],"highlight":[87],"coordination":[89],"electronic":[91,126],"structure":[92],"modulation":[93],"single-atom":[95],"sites,":[96],"nuclearity":[98],"control":[99],"interfacial":[101],"effects":[102],"nanoclusters,":[104],"synergistic":[107],"mechanisms":[108],"SA\u2013NC,":[110],"which":[111],"are":[112],"categorized":[113],"into":[114],"adjacent,":[115],"discrete,":[116],"core\u2013shell":[118],"configurations.":[119],"further":[121],"discuss":[122],"how":[123],"spatial":[124],"arrangement,":[125],"communication,":[127],"intermediate":[129],"spillover":[130],"collectively":[131],"govern":[132],"catalytic":[133,154],"performance.":[134],"Despite":[135],"significant":[136],"advances,":[137],"a":[138],"major":[139],"challenge":[140],"remains":[141],"correlating":[143],"dynamically":[144],"evolving":[145],"species":[147],"under":[148],"operating":[149],"conditions":[150],"their":[152],"intrinsic":[153],"behavior.":[155],"Future":[156],"progress":[157],"requires":[158],"integration":[160],"operando":[162],"characterization":[163],"theoretical":[165],"modeling":[166],"establish":[168],"quantitative":[169],"structure\u2013activity":[170],"relationships,":[171],"thereby":[172],"shifting":[173],"catalyst":[174],"design":[175],"composition-based":[177],"optimization":[178],"toward":[179],"interaction":[180],"engineering":[181],"among":[182],"multiscale":[183],"centers.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-20T09:52:01.089006","created_date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00"}
