{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215114154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271","title":"Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis on induced sputum in children in a high burden setting for HIV and malnutrition","display_name":"Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis on induced sputum in children in a high burden setting for HIV and malnutrition","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215114154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42821542","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13630226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231901","display_name":"PLOS Global Public Health","issn_l":"2767-3375","issn":["2767-3375"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Global Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035903180","display_name":"Juaneta Luiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7921-8129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7921-8129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802227173","display_name":"Dora Nginza Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02qgf1459","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802227173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157117","display_name":"Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04d6eav07","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307091933","https://openalex.org/I4210157117"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juaneta Luiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dora Nginza Hospital","University of Cape Town, and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7921-8129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dora Nginza Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802227173"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I157614274","https://openalex.org/I4210157117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042316356","display_name":"Lesley Workman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-6106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-6106"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157117","display_name":"Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04d6eav07","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307091933","https://openalex.org/I4210157117"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lesley J. Workman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town, and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-6106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I157614274","https://openalex.org/I4210157117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113510367","display_name":"Cynthia B. Whitman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-7610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-7610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157117","display_name":"Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04d6eav07","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307091933","https://openalex.org/I4210157117"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia B. Baard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town, and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-7610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I157614274","https://openalex.org/I4210157117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098226508","display_name":"Yekiwe Hlombe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802227173","display_name":"Dora Nginza Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02qgf1459","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802227173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157117","display_name":"Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04d6eav07","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307091933","https://openalex.org/I4210157117"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yekiwe Hlombe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dora Nginza Hospital","University of Cape Town, and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dora Nginza Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802227173"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I157614274","https://openalex.org/I4210157117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002533835","display_name":"Margaretha Prins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9788-425X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9788-425X","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9755-9614"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157117","display_name":"Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04d6eav07","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307091933","https://openalex.org/I4210157117"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaretha Prins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town, and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9755-9614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I157614274","https://openalex.org/I4210157117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064799964","display_name":"Nomlindo Makubalo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802227173","display_name":"Dora Nginza Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02qgf1459","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802227173"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nomlindo Makubalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dora Nginza Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dora Nginza Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802227173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038448625","display_name":"Devan Jaganath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8555-5667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8555-5667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279184","display_name":"UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01402g791","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I4405279184"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devan Jaganath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco","University of California San Francisco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I4405279184"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Francisco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073273696","display_name":"Adithya Cattamanchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6553-2601","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6553-2601"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279184","display_name":"UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01402g791","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I4405279184"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adithya Cattamanchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco","University of California Irvine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6553-2601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191","https://openalex.org/I4405279184"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086829922","display_name":"Mark Patrick Nicol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1366-4805","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1366-4805"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107920810","display_name":"National Health Laboratory Service","ror":"https://ror.org/00znvbk37","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107920810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark P. Nicol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marshall Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia","University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marshall Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107920810"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083472606","display_name":"Heather Joy Zar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-759X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-759X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10947320","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10947320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157117","display_name":"Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04d6eav07","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307091933","https://openalex.org/I4210157117"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heather J. Zar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town, and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I157614274","https://openalex.org/I4210157117"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035903180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10947320","https://openalex.org/I157614274","https://openalex.org/I2802227173","https://openalex.org/I4210157117"],"apc_list":{"value":2496,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2496},"apc_paid":{"value":2496,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2496},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71301496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"10","first_page":"e0007271","last_page":"e0007271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12578","display_name":"Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-pulmonary-tuberculosis","display_name":"pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induced-sputum","display_name":"induced sputum","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xpert-mtb-rif-ultra","display_name":"Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapid-molecular-diagnostics","display_name":"rapid molecular diagnostics","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"diagnostic accuracy","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infants","display_name":"infants","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-coinfection","display_name":"HIV coinfection","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malnutrition","display_name":"malnutrition","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stunting","display_name":"stunting","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underweight","display_name":"underweight","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-culture","display_name":"liquid culture","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-mortality","display_name":"tuberculosis mortality","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-burden-settings","display_name":"high-burden settings","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-treatment-outcomes","display_name":"tuberculosis treatment outcomes","score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-under-15-years","display_name":"children under 15","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9248999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908628106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Pulmonary tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.7527999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259346","display_name":"Sputum","level":3,"score":0.5964999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.5763000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551997983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167","display_name":"Malnutrition","level":2,"score":0.5726000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779912665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7581635","display_name":"Sputum culture","level":4,"score":0.2754000127315521}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231901","display_name":"PLOS Global Public Health","issn_l":"2767-3375","issn":["2767-3375"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Global Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13630226","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13630226/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13630226/pdf/pgph.0007271.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Glob Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/07d51c56-f047-4e7e-b3d0-a05ece61a327","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/07d51c56-f047-4e7e-b3d0-a05ece61a327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Luiz, J, Workman, L J, Baard, C B, Hlombe, Y, Prins, M, Makubalo, N, Jaganath, D, Cattamanchi, A, Nicol, M P & Zar, H J 2026, 'Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis on induced sputum in children in a high burden setting for HIV and malnutrition', PLoS Global Public Health, vol. 6, no. 10 October, e0007271. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmid:42821542","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42821542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS global public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:df87b4ddcd824619b13fa2d676666e5c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/df87b4ddcd824619b13fa2d676666e5c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Global Public Health, Vol 6, Iss 10, p e0007271 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0007271&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231901","display_name":"PLOS Global Public Health","issn_l":"2767-3375","issn":["2767-3375"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Global Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5508139413","display_name":"Childhood \u2018Omics\u2019 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived BiOsignatures (COMBO) for TB diagnosis in high HIV prevalence settings","funder_award_id":"R01AI152161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000844557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R01AI152161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306080","funder_display_name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000847438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DAA2-16-62066-1, DAA3-17-63190-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307853","funder_display_name":"CRDF Global"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306080","display_name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00k86s890"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307853","display_name":"CRDF Global","ror":"https://ror.org/01zpbb709"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320672","display_name":"South African Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05q60vz69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215114154.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7215114154.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070545592","https://openalex.org/W2141825026","https://openalex.org/W2163833955","https://openalex.org/W2412697525","https://openalex.org/W2618764543","https://openalex.org/W2791010336","https://openalex.org/W2888419529","https://openalex.org/W2961014518","https://openalex.org/W2964664280","https://openalex.org/W3006650189","https://openalex.org/W3030570217","https://openalex.org/W3126853946","https://openalex.org/W4200063424","https://openalex.org/W4324030676","https://openalex.org/W4394964536","https://openalex.org/W4402712969","https://openalex.org/W4411222526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293252919","https://openalex.org/W3119870695","https://openalex.org/W2964664280","https://openalex.org/W2940708246","https://openalex.org/W2791010336","https://openalex.org/W3160891292","https://openalex.org/W2883908661","https://openalex.org/W4294044093","https://openalex.org/W6976811673","https://openalex.org/W4391043013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microbiological":[0],"diagnosis":[1],"of":[2,13,166],"childhood":[3],"pulmonary":[4,43],"tuberculosis":[5,44],"can":[6],"be":[7],"challenging.":[8],"We":[9],"investigated":[10,41],"the":[11,18,190],"accuracy":[12,94,221,270],"Xpert":[14,74],"MTB/RIF":[15,75],"Ultra":[16,76,92,163,182,193,208,259],"on":[17,22,155,162,174,260],"induced":[19,156,261],"sputum,":[20],"focused":[21],"high-risk":[23,102,223,272],"groups":[24],"(infants,":[25],"malnourished":[26],"children,":[27],"and":[28,57,60,73,125,142,171,201,214,253,268],"those":[29,177],"living":[30,139],"with":[31,70,81,99,117,122,128,140,149,158,202,219,234,247,265],"HIV),":[32],"where":[33],"data":[34],"is":[35],"limited.":[36],"Children":[37,78],"(under":[38],"15":[39],"years)":[40],"for":[42,63,229,237,271],"at":[45],"Dora":[46],"Nginza":[47],"Hospital,":[48],"South":[49],"Africa,":[50],"were":[51,68,79,115,132,153,168,181],"prospectively":[52],"enrolled":[53],"between":[54],"January":[55,58],"2018":[56],"2024,":[59],"followed":[61,244],"up":[62],"12":[64],"months.":[65],"Induced":[66],"sputa":[67],"tested":[69],"liquid":[71],"culture":[72,184],"(Ultra).":[77],"categorized":[80],"confirmed,":[82,178],"unconfirmed,":[83],"or":[84],"unlikely":[85,129],"tuberculosis,":[86],"according":[87],"to":[88,189],"NIH":[89],"consensus":[90],"definitions.":[91],"diagnostic":[93,269],"was":[95,210,231,263],"calculated":[96],"against":[97],"culture,":[98],"analysis":[100],"by":[101,245],"subgroups.":[103],"Of":[104,146,176],"636":[105],"children":[106,135,148,197,227,239,246],"(median":[107],"age,":[108],"27.4":[109],"(IQR":[110],"11.8-61.6)":[111],"months),":[112],"173":[113],"(27.2%)":[114],"classified":[116],"confirmed":[118,154,161],"TB,":[119,124,150],"384":[120],"(60.4%)":[121],"unconfirmed":[123],"79":[126],"(12.4%)":[127],"TB.":[130],"There":[131],"223":[133],"(37.8%)":[134],"underweight-for-age,":[136],"168":[137],"(26.5%)":[138],"HIV,":[141],"163":[143],"(25.6%)":[144],"infants.":[145],"557":[147],"145":[151],"(26.0%)":[152],"sputa;":[157],"137/557":[159],"(24.6%)":[160],"(46.0%;":[164],"63/137,":[165],"which":[167],"\"trace":[169],"positive\"),":[170],"88/557":[172],"(15.8%),":[173],"culture.":[175],"57/145":[179],"(39.3%)":[180],"positive,":[183],"negative":[185],"-":[186],"contributing":[187],"10.2%":[188],"overall":[191],"yield.":[192],"performed":[194],"better":[195],"in":[196],"over":[198],"5":[199],"years":[200],"weight-for-height":[203],"Z-scores":[204],"<":[205],"-3.":[206],"Overall,":[207],"sensitivity":[209],"90.9%":[211],"(95%CI":[212,217],"82.9-96.0)":[213],"specificity,":[215],"89.6%":[216],"86.7-92.0),":[218],"high":[220,266],"across":[222],"groups.":[224],"Mortality":[225],"amongst":[226],"treated":[228],"PTB":[230],"4.9%":[232],"(27/557)":[233],"aRR":[235],"highest":[236],"stunted":[238],"(7.3;":[240],"95%":[241,250,256],"CI,":[242,251,257],"2.2-24.2),":[243],"HIV":[248],"(3.5;":[249],"1.6-7.5),":[252],"infants":[254],"(3.3;":[255],"1.6-6.7).":[258],"sputum":[262],"feasible,":[264],"yield":[267],"children.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00"}
