{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215101248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2026-0123","title":"PECSA Net: Pupil Segmentation Using Attention Integrated Encoder-based Multi-Level Feature Extractor for Analysis of Ocular Dynamics","display_name":"PECSA Net: Pupil Segmentation Using Attention Integrated Encoder-based Multi-Level Feature Extractor for Analysis of Ocular Dynamics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215101248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2026-0123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/cdbme-2026-0123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2026-0123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2026-0123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738284397","display_name":"Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"2364-5504","issn":["2364-5504"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2026-0123","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153892225","display_name":"Arya Choyichivayalil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39244652","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram","ror":"https://ror.org/023c9pb11","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39244652"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arya Choyichivayalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram Chennai , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram Chennai , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39244652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073184427","display_name":"Pandiyarasan Veluswamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2200-3929","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2200-3929"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39244652","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram","ror":"https://ror.org/023c9pb11","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39244652"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pandiyarasan Veluswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram Chennai , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram Chennai , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39244652"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032744269","display_name":"Rohini Palanisamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7050-7681","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7050-7681"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39244652","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram","ror":"https://ror.org/023c9pb11","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39244652"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohini Palanisamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram Chennai , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram Chennai , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39244652"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39244652"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72551599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"88","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.3353999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.3353999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.23029999434947968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.163100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil-segmentation","display_name":"pupil segmentation","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupillometry","display_name":"pupillometry","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-images","display_name":"ocular images","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-mechanism","display_name":"attention mechanism","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-level-feature-extraction","display_name":"multi-level feature extraction","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder-decoder-architecture","display_name":"encoder-decoder architecture","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swin-transformer","display_name":"Swin Transformer","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occlusion-robustness","display_name":"occlusion robustness","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"eye tracking","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil-dynamics","display_name":"pupil dynamics","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microexpressions","display_name":"micro-expressions","score":0.7210000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7973999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7968999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.704800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6459000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5831999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5623999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5281999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117978034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422192","display_name":"Extractor","level":2,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22029948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45089","display_name":"Dice","level":2,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778711042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410891","display_name":"Pupillometry","level":3,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/cdbme-2026-0123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2026-0123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2026-0123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738284397","display_name":"Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"2364-5504","issn":["2364-5504"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:540b10596beb47ad8f3b8bd1e627b896","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/540b10596beb47ad8f3b8bd1e627b896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 88-91 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/cdbme-2026-0123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2026-0123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2026-0123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738284397","display_name":"Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"2364-5504","issn":["2364-5504"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410368542","https://openalex.org/W4399203220","https://openalex.org/W4406542481","https://openalex.org/W4412524232","https://openalex.org/W4412035494","https://openalex.org/W2949442988","https://openalex.org/W4397005009","https://openalex.org/W4414788254","https://openalex.org/W2295566235","https://openalex.org/W4390075341"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Pupillometry":[1],"is":[2,158],"considered":[3],"as":[4],"an":[5,122,209],"emerging":[6],"technique":[7],"for":[8,78,227],"analysing":[9],"the":[10,19,30,38,49,82,98,102,106,111,117,135,156,173,192,212],"dynamic":[11],"variations":[12,36],"of":[13,18,32,51,81,121,153,180,194,197,225],"pupil":[14,20,60,83,229],"structure":[15],"non-invasively.":[16],"Delineation":[17],"region":[21],"from":[22],"ocular":[23,112],"images":[24],"plays":[25],"a":[26,58,70,150,161,177,216],"crucial":[27],"role":[28],"in":[29,57,97,140],"prediction":[31],"microexpressions":[33],"and":[34,42,54,90],"subtle":[35],"during":[37,48],"analysis.":[39],"Occlusions,":[40],"deformations,":[41],"motion":[43],"artifacts":[44],"are":[45,92,114,186],"more":[46],"prevalent":[47],"capture":[50],"micro-ocular":[52],"expressions":[53],"often":[55],"resulting":[56],"suboptimal":[59],"mask":[61],"with":[62,149,160,208],"minimal":[63],"structural":[64],"similarity.":[65],"This":[66],"proposed":[67,213],"study":[68,214],"introduces":[69],"Swin":[71],"incorporated":[72],"modified":[73],"encoder-decoder":[74,210],"paradigm,":[75,211],"\u201cPECSA":[76],"Net\u201d":[77],"reliable":[79,223],"segmentation":[80,218],"region.":[84],"The":[85],"local":[86],"features":[87,104,226],"including":[88,105],"boundaries":[89],"edges,":[91],"captured":[93,115,166],"through":[94],"convolutional":[95],"layers":[96,119],"PECSA":[99,198],"Net.":[100,199],"Moreover,":[101],"contextual":[103,125],"overall":[107],"spatial":[108],"relationship":[109],"within":[110],"images,":[113],"using":[116,167],"deeper":[118],"consist":[120],"attention-enhanced":[123],"multiscale":[124],"information":[126],"module.":[127],"Experimental":[128],"results":[129],"on":[130],"CASIA":[131],"dataset":[132,165],"shows":[133],"that":[134],"framework":[136],"achieves":[137],"superior":[138],"performance":[139],"occluded":[141],"conditions":[142],"compared":[143],"to":[144,171,190],"conventional":[145],"neural":[146],"network-based":[147],"approaches":[148],"dice":[151,178],"score":[152,179],"0.97.":[154],"Further,":[155],"model":[157],"validated":[159],"multifaceted":[162],"eye":[163],"tracking":[164],"high":[168],"speed":[169],"camera":[170],"evaluate":[172],"generalization":[174],"capability,":[175],"achieving":[176],"0.79.":[181],"Extensive":[182],"architecture-based":[183],"ablation":[184],"studies":[185],"also":[187],"carried":[188],"out":[189],"identify":[191],"significance":[193],"each":[195],"component":[196],"Thus,":[200],"by":[201],"integrating":[202],"attention":[203],"enhanced":[204],"multi-level":[205],"feature":[206],"extractor":[207],"provides":[215],"robust":[217],"under":[219],"challenging":[220],"conditions,":[221],"enabling":[222],"extraction":[224],"analyzing":[228],"dynamics.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00"}