{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215073764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261494306","title":"Emergency Room Nurses\u2019 Perceptions of Transformational Leadership and Its Role in Their Well-Being: A Qualitative Descriptive Study","display_name":"Emergency Room Nurses\u2019 Perceptions of Transformational Leadership and Its Role in Their Well-Being: A Qualitative Descriptive Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215073764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261494306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/23779608261494306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261494306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261494306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168612","display_name":"SAGE Open Nursing","issn_l":"2377-9608","issn":["2377-9608"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage Open Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7215073764"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261494306","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032374461","display_name":"Badr Ayed Alenazy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-7394","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-7394"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Badr Ayed Alenazy","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Saud University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-7394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072705311","display_name":"Sami Abdulrahman Alhamidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-4868","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-4868"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Abdulrahman Alhamidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Saud University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-9722","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117345584","display_name":"Sahar Abdulkarim Al-Ghareeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6844-4539","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6844-4539","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0899-2994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahar Abdulkareem Al-Ghareeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Saud University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6844-4539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117632755","display_name":"Mousa Yahya Asiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-1400","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-1400"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mousa Yahya Asiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Saud University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016940641","display_name":"Homoud Alanazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9552-6062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9552-6062"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Homoud Alanazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Saud University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001956390","display_name":"Seham Mansour Alyousef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-1353","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-1353"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seham Mansour Alyousef","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Saud University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-1353","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032374461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10186","display_name":"Nursing education and management","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10186","display_name":"Nursing education and management","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.017500000074505806,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12244","display_name":"Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2911","display_name":"Leadership and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformational-leadership","display_name":"transformational leadership","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department-nurses","display_name":"emergency department nurses","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurse-well-being","display_name":"nurse well-being","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurse-managers","display_name":"nurse managers","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurses-perceptions","display_name":"nurses' perceptions","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-exhaustion","display_name":"emotional exhaustion","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burnout","display_name":"burnout","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turnover-intention","display_name":"turnover intention","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-credibility","display_name":"clinical credibility","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individualized-consideration","display_name":"individualized consideration","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empowerment","display_name":"empowerment","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-stimulation","display_name":"intellectual stimulation","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recognition","display_name":"recognition","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.593500018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.5641999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.46880000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202695956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2669680","display_name":"Debriefing","level":2,"score":0.42739999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.41130000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104185","display_name":"Coaching","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171366895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014583","display_name":"Axial coding","level":5,"score":0.3587000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142546437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661195","display_name":"Descriptive research","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68489960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370659","display_name":"Transactional leadership","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779707562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140525","display_name":"Critical Incident Technique","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65067816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295139","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156393514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934800","display_name":"Multimethodology","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143916079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629248","display_name":"Burnout","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/23779608261494306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261494306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261494306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168612","display_name":"SAGE Open Nursing","issn_l":"2377-9608","issn":["2377-9608"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage Open Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:04dd12e44a444628beb6ef6746aabf71","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/04dd12e44a444628beb6ef6746aabf71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SAGE Open Nursing, Vol 12 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/23779608261494306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261494306","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608261494306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168612","display_name":"SAGE Open Nursing","issn_l":"2377-9608","issn":["2377-9608"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sage Open Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335726","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79229537","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2148111600","https://openalex.org/W2460117687","https://openalex.org/W2771402750","https://openalex.org/W2791025127","https://openalex.org/W2954677322","https://openalex.org/W2991399969","https://openalex.org/W3030887507","https://openalex.org/W3035582179","https://openalex.org/W3095098358","https://openalex.org/W3127200840","https://openalex.org/W3141475856","https://openalex.org/W3161113166","https://openalex.org/W4233451756","https://openalex.org/W4283805266","https://openalex.org/W4379197317","https://openalex.org/W4380290768","https://openalex.org/W4385281113","https://openalex.org/W4385955990","https://openalex.org/W4386687714","https://openalex.org/W4388450433","https://openalex.org/W4388564232","https://openalex.org/W4390885558","https://openalex.org/W4394891767","https://openalex.org/W4400001408","https://openalex.org/W4401026626","https://openalex.org/W4403074564","https://openalex.org/W4404349441","https://openalex.org/W4404857214","https://openalex.org/W4405317190","https://openalex.org/W4407280671","https://openalex.org/W4408244451","https://openalex.org/W4409110967","https://openalex.org/W4412641029","https://openalex.org/W4413308405","https://openalex.org/W7125589172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385955990","https://openalex.org/W1984227403","https://openalex.org/W7164842078","https://openalex.org/W4409110967","https://openalex.org/W4385322802","https://openalex.org/W2346590809","https://openalex.org/W2605797781","https://openalex.org/W7204245858","https://openalex.org/W7135449545","https://openalex.org/W4386549329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Emergency":[1],"room":[2],"(ER)":[3],"nurses":[4,48,109],"work":[5],"under":[6],"conditions":[7,25,221],"frequently":[8],"associated":[9],"with":[10,117],"burnout,":[11],"emotional":[12,91],"exhaustion,":[13],"and":[14,34,54,79,92,135,142,164,181,187,190,193,213,228,244,268],"turnover":[15],"intention.":[16],"Leadership":[17],"behavior":[18,260],"is":[19,280],"one":[20,271],"of":[21,73,122,129],"the":[22,86,155,162,175],"few":[23],"workplace":[24],"that":[26],"can":[27],"be":[28],"modified":[29],"without":[30],"additional":[31],"capital":[32],"investment,":[33],"transformational":[35],"leadership":[36,52,247,259],"(TL)":[37],"has":[38],"been":[39],"examined":[40],"predominantly":[41],"through":[42],"cross-sectional":[43],"survey":[44],"designs.":[45],"How":[46],"ER":[47,70,112,123],"themselves":[49],"describe":[50,69],"these":[51,81],"behaviors":[53,78,82],"what":[55,258],"they":[56,222],"attribute":[57],"to":[58,88,104,215,217,224,231,257],"them":[59],"remains":[60],"poorly":[61],"documented":[62],"in":[63,113,233,273],"Saudi":[64,114],"public":[65],"hospitals.":[66],"Aim":[67],"To":[68],"nurses\u2019":[71],"perceptions":[72],"their":[74,90,234,250],"nurse":[75],"managers\u2019":[76,199],"TL":[77],"how":[80],"were":[83,132],"perceived":[84,239],"by":[85,167],"participants":[87,197,238],"shape":[89],"psychological":[93],"well-being.":[94],"Methods":[95],"This":[96],"qualitative":[97],"descriptive":[98,267],"study":[99],"used":[100],"non-probability":[101],"convenience":[102],"sampling":[103],"recruit":[105],"eight":[106],"frontline":[107],"registered":[108],"from":[110,174],"an":[111],"Arabia,":[115],"each":[116],"at":[118,270],"least":[119],"six":[120],"months":[121],"experience":[124],".":[125],"Face-to-face":[126],"semi-structured":[127],"interviews":[128],"45\u201360":[130],"minutes":[131],"audio":[133],"recorded":[134],"transcribed":[136],"verbatim.":[137],"The":[138,196,237,264],"analysis":[139,146],"followed":[140],"Braun":[141],"Clarke\u2019s":[143],"six-phase":[144],"thematic":[145],"using":[147],"a":[148],"deductive":[149],"coding":[150],"strategy;":[151],"NVivo":[152],"14":[153],"supported":[154],"data":[156,163,176],"management.":[157],"Two":[158],"researchers":[159],"independently":[160],"coded":[161],"resolved":[165],"discrepancies":[166],"consensus.":[168],"Results":[169],"Three":[170],"main":[171],"themes":[172],"emerged":[173],"analysis:":[177],"(1)":[178],"clinical":[179,201],"credibility":[180],"professional":[182],"security,":[183],"(2)":[184],"individualized":[185],"consideration":[186],"personal":[188,207],"advocacy,":[189],"(3)":[191],"empowerment":[192],"intellectual":[194],"stimulation.":[195],"described":[198],"visible":[200],"presence":[202],"during":[203,209],"crises,":[204],"bedside":[205],"teaching,":[206],"advocacy":[208],"family":[210],"emergencies,":[211],"recognition,":[212],"invitations":[214],"contribute":[216],"workflow":[218],"decisions":[219],"as":[220,248],"connected":[223],"feeling":[225],"calmer,":[226],"safer,":[227],"more":[229],"willing":[230],"remain":[232],"ER.":[235],"Conclusion":[236],"clinically":[240],"credible,":[241],"personally":[242],"attentive,":[243],"intellectually":[245],"engaging":[246],"supporting":[249],"well-being":[251],"while":[252],"also":[253],"describing":[254],"clear":[255],"limits":[256],"alone":[261],"could":[262],"offset.":[263],"findings":[265],"are":[266],"self-reported":[269],"point":[272],"time;":[274],"no":[275],"causal":[276],"or":[277],"mediating":[278],"relationship":[279],"claimed.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00"}
