{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7215073715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/51xg-rsrb","title":"Nonlinear Phonon-Assisted Up-Conversion Photoluminescence Under Vibrational Pumping at Liquid-Helium Temperatures","display_name":"Nonlinear Phonon-Assisted Up-Conversion Photoluminescence Under Vibrational Pumping at Liquid-Helium Temperatures","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7215073715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/51xg-rsrb","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42994486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/51xg-rsrb","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/51xg-rsrb","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/51xg-rsrb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154167756","display_name":"Anonymous","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-9299","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-9299"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-9299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091331008","display_name":"Jia\u2010Min Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5700-5385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5700-5385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94310126","display_name":"Shanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zd3ta61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94310126"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Min Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Science and Engineering of Shanxi Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Science and Engineering of Shanxi Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94310126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081004491","display_name":"Feilong Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9314-2013","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9314-2013","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4369-8109"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feilong Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101390234","display_name":"Yanpei Lv","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanpei Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100433232","display_name":"Jun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9831-6796","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9831-6796","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3607-213X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9831-6796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"137","issue":"17","first_page":"176902","last_page":"176902"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10097","display_name":"Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials","score":0.6855000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10097","display_name":"Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials","score":0.6855000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.0949999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.051100000739097595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-refrigeration","display_name":"optical refrigeration","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-stokes-luminescence","display_name":"anti-Stokes luminescence","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-scattering","display_name":"Raman scattering","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-optical-phonons","display_name":"longitudinal optical phonons","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frohlich-effect","display_name":"Fr\u00f6hlich effect","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-tunneling","display_name":"carrier tunneling","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-helium-temperature","display_name":"liquid helium temperature","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-photoluminescence","display_name":"nonlinear photoluminescence","score":0.6299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7473000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85080765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614893","display_name":"Photoluminescence","level":2,"score":0.7373999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11630735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187864","display_name":"Photon upconversion","level":3,"score":0.7240999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5160999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148651041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027473","display_name":"Optical pumping","level":3,"score":0.43529999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78854221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756033","display_name":"Nonlinear optics","level":3,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991936344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756033","display_name":"Nonlinear optical","level":3,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41999313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328","display_name":"Molecular physics","level":1,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30282128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853656","display_name":"Stimulated emission","level":3,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984985831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502860","display_name":"Frequency conversion","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/51xg-rsrb","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/51xg-rsrb","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/51xg-rsrb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24807848","display_name":"Physical Review Letters","issn_l":"0031-9007","issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114","1092-0145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42994486","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42994486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical review letters","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1636616099","https://openalex.org/W1954259909","https://openalex.org/W1963520612","https://openalex.org/W1966840111","https://openalex.org/W1968156357","https://openalex.org/W1968443178","https://openalex.org/W1969602772","https://openalex.org/W1972244943","https://openalex.org/W1973938860","https://openalex.org/W1982786170","https://openalex.org/W1985654722","https://openalex.org/W1987217112","https://openalex.org/W1989442023","https://openalex.org/W2001149830","https://openalex.org/W2003985051","https://openalex.org/W2011575550","https://openalex.org/W2012029461","https://openalex.org/W2030337052","https://openalex.org/W2051181345","https://openalex.org/W2057131857","https://openalex.org/W2067895891","https://openalex.org/W2074588003","https://openalex.org/W2080511631","https://openalex.org/W2097268373","https://openalex.org/W2119887057","https://openalex.org/W2153515784","https://openalex.org/W2154013661","https://openalex.org/W2174263709","https://openalex.org/W2262305001","https://openalex.org/W2468151551","https://openalex.org/W2493645347","https://openalex.org/W2552717798","https://openalex.org/W2581330389","https://openalex.org/W2604787391","https://openalex.org/W2898229773","https://openalex.org/W2901207419","https://openalex.org/W2908773844","https://openalex.org/W3081943925","https://openalex.org/W3098998573","https://openalex.org/W3153581706","https://openalex.org/W3164591271","https://openalex.org/W3165845206","https://openalex.org/W3213018870","https://openalex.org/W4200263910","https://openalex.org/W4241225965","https://openalex.org/W4281947237","https://openalex.org/W4303940454","https://openalex.org/W4312113315","https://openalex.org/W4380990104","https://openalex.org/W4386215946","https://openalex.org/W4386772303","https://openalex.org/W4387164980","https://openalex.org/W4390227465","https://openalex.org/W4394873984","https://openalex.org/W4414095985","https://openalex.org/W4415811988","https://openalex.org/W4416008735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4414264248","https://openalex.org/W2000582842","https://openalex.org/W4412714484","https://openalex.org/W4415220948","https://openalex.org/W1808007589","https://openalex.org/W2480065216","https://openalex.org/W2737380122","https://openalex.org/W2606996221","https://openalex.org/W4383198955","https://openalex.org/W6987991583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"refrigeration":[1],"in":[2,21,107],"semiconductors":[3],"is":[4,29,73,89],"driven":[5],"by":[6],"anti-Stokes":[7],"photoluminescence":[8,88,164],"(PL)":[9],"arising":[10],"from":[11],"phonon-assisted":[12,77,148],"up-conversion.":[13],"In":[14],"the":[15,25,33,68,135,167,178],"conventional":[16],"picture,":[17],"lattice":[18],"vibrations":[19],"remain":[20],"thermal":[22],"equilibrium":[23],"and":[24,51,79,95,140,169,181],"relevant":[26],"phonon":[27],"population":[28,132],"pump":[30],"independent,":[31],"so":[32],"up-conversion":[34,87,149,163],"rate":[35],"scales":[36],"approximately":[37],"linearly":[38],"with":[39,162],"excitation":[40,113],"power,":[41,185],"which":[42],"places":[43],"a":[44,53,129,187],"practical":[45],"limit":[46],"on":[47],"cooling":[48,57,179,184],"power":[49],"density":[50],"predicts":[52],"rapid":[54],"collapse":[55],"of":[56,70,126],"efficiency":[58],"at":[59,63,114],"cryogenic":[60],"temperatures.":[61],"Because":[62],"liquid-helium":[64],"temperatures":[65],"(\u223c4":[66],"K),":[67],"occupation":[69],"optical":[71,122,192],"phonons":[72,123],"vanishingly":[74],"small,":[75],"rendering":[76],"up-conversion,":[78],"thus":[80],"laser":[81],"cooling,":[82],"effectively":[83],"inaccessible;":[84],"conversely,":[85],"nonlinear":[86,147],"typically":[90],"attributed":[91],"to":[92,165,189],"multiphoton":[93,152],"absorption":[94],"treated":[96],"as":[97],"parasitic":[98],"heating.":[99],"Here,":[100],"we":[101,157],"show":[102],"that":[103,133,173],"this":[104],"paradigm":[105],"fails":[106],"strongly":[108],"polar":[109],"semiconductors:":[110],"under":[111],"continuous-wave":[112],"4":[115],"K,":[116],"Stokes":[117],"Raman":[118,160],"scattering":[119],"pumps":[120],"longitudinal":[121],"far":[124],"out":[125],"equilibrium,":[127],"creating":[128],"pump-power-dependent":[130],"vibrational":[131,174],"strengthens":[134],"Fr\u00f6hlich-induced":[136],"internal":[137],"electric":[138],"field":[139],"exponentially":[141],"enhances":[142],"field-assisted":[143],"carrier":[144],"tunneling,":[145],"yielding":[146],"without":[150],"invoking":[151],"processes.":[153],"Using":[154],"ZnTe":[155],"nanobelts,":[156],"correlate":[158],"power-dependent":[159],"signatures":[161],"establish":[166],"mechanism,":[168],"further":[170],"theoretically":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"pumping":[175],"could":[176],"broaden":[177],"window":[180],"increase":[182],"achievable":[183],"offering":[186],"route":[188],"enhanced":[190],"semiconductor":[191],"refrigeration.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00"}