{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214967753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103222","title":"Electrical stimulation elicits space- and parameter-dependent spiking responses in human cortical organoids","display_name":"Electrical stimulation elicits space- and parameter-dependent spiking responses in human cortical organoids","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214967753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103222","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42815767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.brs.2026.103222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177350161","display_name":"Brain stimulation","issn_l":"1876-4754","issn":["1876-4754","1935-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Stimulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103222","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117013069","display_name":"Nicolas Seseri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0941-7099","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0941-7099"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Seseri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Department, Manava.plus, Milan, Italy; Department of Electronics, Informatics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan, 20133, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0941-7099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Department, Manava.plus, Milan, Italy; Department of Electronics, Informatics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan, 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117013067","display_name":"Diana Nigrisoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6781-5413","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6781-5413"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Nigrisoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Department, Manava.plus, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6781-5413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Department, Manava.plus, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089513655","display_name":"Francesco Faraci","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Faraci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Department, Manava.plus, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Department, Manava.plus, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153609805","display_name":"A. D\u2019Angelo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. D'Angelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116181879","display_name":"Ruggero Freddi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5004-9134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5004-9134"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Freddi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Department, Manava.plus, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5004-9134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Department, Manava.plus, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062181327","display_name":"Siddharthan Chandran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-1593","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-1593","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-3658"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270431","display_name":"Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00pb3n413","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270431"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Chandran","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270431","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030899687","display_name":"Riccardo Barbieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9381-3833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9381-3833"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Barbieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Informatics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan, 20133, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Informatics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan, 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153608005","display_name":"S. Corti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803066834","display_name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico","ror":"https://ror.org/016zn0y21","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943","https://openalex.org/I2803066834","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Corti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943","https://openalex.org/I2803066834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014824505","display_name":"Simone Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-1900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-1900"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802612298","display_name":"The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02j15s898","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I2802612298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Department, Manava.plus, Milan, Italy; Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: srusso30@gatech.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-1900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Department, Manava.plus, Milan, Italy; Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: srusso30@gatech.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I2802612298"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153634833","display_name":"L. Ottoboni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. Ottoboni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: linda.ottoboni@unimi.it"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: linda.ottoboni@unimi.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014824505","https://openalex.org/A5153634833"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I189158943","https://openalex.org/I2802612298"],"apc_list":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"apc_paid":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"6","first_page":"103222","last_page":"103222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.4447999894618988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.4447999894618988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.2409999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.211899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-stimulation","display_name":"electrical stimulation","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitatory-and-inhibitory-responses","display_name":"excitatory and inhibitory responses","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation-parameters","display_name":"stimulation parameters","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-duration","display_name":"pulse duration","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-density","display_name":"charge density","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation-frequency","display_name":"stimulation frequency","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-unit-activity","display_name":"single-unit activity","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortical-microcircuits","display_name":"cortical microcircuits","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuronal-maturation","display_name":"neuronal maturation","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-electrode-recording","display_name":"multi-electrode recording","score":0.7039999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.8406000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31695470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11293125","display_name":"Organoid","level":2,"score":0.7444999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.6879000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985799443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838","display_name":"Brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.6047999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777670902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492038","display_name":"Human brain","level":2,"score":0.5407999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4733000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983650178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75839","display_name":"Cortical neurons","level":2,"score":0.4530999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177825189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357702","display_name":"Electrical brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780196419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762173","display_name":"Nerve net","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020766347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073","display_name":"Mammalian brain","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018263421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Human studies","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185263204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154774","display_name":"Electrophysiology","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74254510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7240508","display_name":"Premovement neuronal activity","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618076","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","level":4,"score":0.2612000107765198}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.brs.2026.103222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177350161","display_name":"Brain stimulation","issn_l":"1876-4754","issn":["1876-4754","1935-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Stimulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1101/2025.09.01.673532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.01.673532","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.01.673532","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2025/09/02/2025.09.01.673532.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:42815767","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42815767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain stimulation","raw_type":"Letter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/70876b88-7fb1-4c49-b5f6-7176bb0a1e4a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/70876b88-7fb1-4c49-b5f6-7176bb0a1e4a","pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/693944645/1-s2.0-S1935861X26001993-main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Seseri, N, Nigrisoli, D, Faraci, F, D'Angelo, A, Freddi, R, Chandran, S, Barbieri, R, Corti, S, Russo, S & Ottoboni, L 2026, 'Electrical stimulation elicits space- and parameter-dependent spiking responses in human cortical organoids', Brain stimulation, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 103222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103222","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.brs.2026.103222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177350161","display_name":"Brain stimulation","issn_l":"1876-4754","issn":["1876-4754","1935-861X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Stimulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321781","display_name":"Ministero della Salute","ror":"https://ror.org/00789fa95"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214967753.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214967753.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553983967","https://openalex.org/W1830987636","https://openalex.org/W1985392528","https://openalex.org/W2014460069","https://openalex.org/W2021044878","https://openalex.org/W2033179944","https://openalex.org/W2042199624","https://openalex.org/W2065587351","https://openalex.org/W2070170738","https://openalex.org/W2079150153","https://openalex.org/W2088152986","https://openalex.org/W2102329408","https://openalex.org/W2105380935","https://openalex.org/W2106465336","https://openalex.org/W2114291169","https://openalex.org/W2125987139","https://openalex.org/W2131519617","https://openalex.org/W2133242434","https://openalex.org/W2140684369","https://openalex.org/W2160307384","https://openalex.org/W2160967456","https://openalex.org/W2167845354","https://openalex.org/W2230576531","https://openalex.org/W2428945206","https://openalex.org/W2600956329","https://openalex.org/W2609844460","https://openalex.org/W2616062685","https://openalex.org/W2746942070","https://openalex.org/W2761083746","https://openalex.org/W2785267239","https://openalex.org/W2907874759","https://openalex.org/W2949020598","https://openalex.org/W2966318597","https://openalex.org/W2970454553","https://openalex.org/W2971324370","https://openalex.org/W3026608688","https://openalex.org/W3034678103","https://openalex.org/W3045516111","https://openalex.org/W3104213443","https://openalex.org/W3111725926","https://openalex.org/W3119945494","https://openalex.org/W3131923730","https://openalex.org/W3183948834","https://openalex.org/W3205400442","https://openalex.org/W4200445133","https://openalex.org/W4206328973","https://openalex.org/W4212823454","https://openalex.org/W4214900398","https://openalex.org/W4225372926","https://openalex.org/W4225874156","https://openalex.org/W4282941196","https://openalex.org/W4288535621","https://openalex.org/W4306411749","https://openalex.org/W4319734849","https://openalex.org/W4320487161","https://openalex.org/W4367693420","https://openalex.org/W4376604029","https://openalex.org/W4382988336","https://openalex.org/W4389549325","https://openalex.org/W4391100907","https://openalex.org/W4394577481","https://openalex.org/W4396581781","https://openalex.org/W4396775745","https://openalex.org/W4399471765","https://openalex.org/W4399670060","https://openalex.org/W4400060867","https://openalex.org/W4402303403","https://openalex.org/W4404111730","https://openalex.org/W4404566892","https://openalex.org/W4408414583","https://openalex.org/W4409488683","https://openalex.org/W4409729942","https://openalex.org/W4411922004","https://openalex.org/W4412075994","https://openalex.org/W4413270624","https://openalex.org/W4413272485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407935066","https://openalex.org/W4320908351","https://openalex.org/W4214900398","https://openalex.org/W111639565","https://openalex.org/W2028296913","https://openalex.org/W4376604029","https://openalex.org/W4214818089","https://openalex.org/W7204113310","https://openalex.org/W2560238712","https://openalex.org/W1991716363"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cortical":[0],"stimulation":[1,35],"is":[2],"routinely":[3],"tuned":[4],"to":[5],"probe,":[6],"enhance,":[7],"and":[8,40,70,73],"suppress":[9],"targeted":[10],"brain":[11,42],"circuits,":[12],"yet":[13],"parameter":[14],"selection":[15],"has":[16],"historically":[17],"relied":[18],"largely":[19],"on":[20,64],"empirical":[21],"experience.":[22],"Recent":[23],"studies":[24],"have":[25],"begun":[26],"addressing":[27],"this":[28],"limitation":[29],"by":[30],"systematically":[31],"investigating":[32],"how":[33],"electrical":[34],"(ES)":[36],"parameters":[37,50],"shape":[38],"regional":[39],"global":[41],"responses":[43],"[1,2].":[44],"However,":[45],"the":[46,52],"effects":[47],"of":[48],"ES":[49],"at":[51],"single-neuron":[53],"level":[54],"in":[55],"humans":[56],"remain":[57],"elusive,":[58],"as":[59],"current":[60],"knowledge":[61],"relies":[62],"primarily":[63],"data":[65],"from":[66],"pathological":[67],"conditions,":[68],"animal":[69],"ex-vivo":[71],"models,":[72],"traditional":[74],"neuronal":[75],"cultures":[76],"[3].":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00"}
