{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214955930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.35941","title":"Massive Population III Galaxies Near a GN-z11 Analog: The Role of the Baryon-Dark Matter Streaming Velocity","display_name":"Massive Population III Galaxies Near a GN-z11 Analog: The Role of the Baryon-Dark Matter Streaming Velocity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214955930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.35941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.35941","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35941","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.35941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.35941","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047206300","display_name":"Eli Visbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8365-0337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8365-0337"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90871651","display_name":"University of Toledo","ror":"https://ror.org/01pbdzh19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Visbal, Eli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ritter Astrophysical Research Center , University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street , Toledo , OH , 43606 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ritter Astrophysical Research Center , University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street , Toledo , OH , 43606 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019489277","display_name":"Greg L. Bryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2630-9228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2630-9228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan, Greg L.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy , Columbia University , 550 West 120th Street , New York , NY , 10027 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy , Columbia University , 550 West 120th Street , New York , NY , 10027 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049310714","display_name":"Ryan Hazlett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1034-7986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1034-7986"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90871651","display_name":"University of Toledo","ror":"https://ror.org/01pbdzh19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hazlett, Ryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ritter Astrophysical Research Center , University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street , Toledo , OH , 43606 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ritter Astrophysical Research Center , University of Toledo , 2801 W. Bancroft Street , Toledo , OH , 43606 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90871651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hebe","display_name":"Hebe","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minihalos","display_name":"minihalos","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-redshift-galaxies","display_name":"high-redshift galaxies","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-seeds","display_name":"black hole seeds","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-analytical-model","display_name":"semi-analytical model","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/star-formation-rate-density","display_name":"star formation rate density","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.722599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125857072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744","display_name":"Star formation","level":3,"score":0.7200999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7074000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.5652999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184665706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186310","display_name":"Halo","level":3,"score":0.5482000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5325999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.5005000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174802034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995140","display_name":"Galaxy formation and evolution","level":3,"score":0.42739999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159249277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79925","display_name":"Dark matter","level":2,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778623024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436016","display_name":"Stellar population","level":4,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555520305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321","display_name":"Milky Way","level":3,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781428845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7565143","display_name":"Source counts","level":4,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780897414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600592","display_name":"Star (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48393594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168845","display_name":"Star cluster","level":3,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C871022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184348","display_name":"Elliptical galaxy","level":3,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15153049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2731563","display_name":"Intergalactic star","level":5,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69672822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1670901","display_name":"Reionization","level":4,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156055797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204107","display_name":"Galaxy cluster","level":3,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779652233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3944","display_name":"Local Group","level":4,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.35941","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35941","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.35941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.35941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.35941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.35941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.35941","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35941","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.35941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2678267442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JWST-AR-05238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314503","funder_display_name":"Space Telescope Science Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2885105211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC22K0629","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4063783852","display_name":"Constraining satellite-host galaxy co-evolution with next-generation semi-analytic models","funder_award_id":"2307419","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6233126168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC21K1053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7620708500","display_name":"Modeling the Abundance and Distribution of the First Stars and Galaxies","funder_award_id":"2009309","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314503","display_name":"Space Telescope Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/036f5mx38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214955930.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214955930.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973442772","https://openalex.org/W2030033273","https://openalex.org/W2040912209","https://openalex.org/W2042081950","https://openalex.org/W2045388241","https://openalex.org/W2046076359","https://openalex.org/W2069248365","https://openalex.org/W2108452590","https://openalex.org/W2110939566","https://openalex.org/W2111973531","https://openalex.org/W2163721792","https://openalex.org/W2599720466","https://openalex.org/W4378468671","https://openalex.org/W4415069557","https://openalex.org/W6910560194","https://openalex.org/W7140178528","https://openalex.org/W7203621361","https://openalex.org/W7212193626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379259812","https://openalex.org/W4415719833","https://openalex.org/W4366768618","https://openalex.org/W4392107969","https://openalex.org/W4415097376","https://openalex.org/W4416404347","https://openalex.org/W4412908783","https://openalex.org/W7140627767","https://openalex.org/W7140953477","https://openalex.org/W1921481512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently":[0],"the":[1,21,28,39,88,91,147,162,187,197,237],"James":[2],"Webb":[3],"Space":[4],"Telescope":[5],"(JWST)":[6],"detected":[7],"Hebe,":[8],"a":[9,59,71,76,81,109,117,136,168,205,272],"Population":[10],"III":[11,33,64,99,125,142,181,192,222],"(Pop":[12],"III)":[13],"candidate":[14],"located":[15],"${\\sim}3$":[16],"kpc":[17],"in":[18,38,116,128],"projection":[19],"from":[20,161],"massive":[22,42,179],"$z=10.6$":[23],"galaxy":[24],"GN-z11.":[25],"This":[26],"raises":[27],"question":[29],"of":[30,41,62,75,123,139,172,189,218,240,246],"whether":[31,46],"Pop":[32,63,98,124,141,180,191,221],"star":[34,67,102,111,126,154],"formation":[35,68,103,112,127,155,274],"is":[36],"expected":[37,238],"vicinity":[40],"high-redshift":[43],"galaxies":[44,143,193,250],"or":[45],"it":[47],"would":[48,251],"be":[49,254],"prevented":[50],"by":[51,131],"early":[52],"metal":[53],"enrichment.":[54],"We":[55,95,265],"address":[56],"this":[57],"with":[58,108],"semi-analytic":[60],"model":[61],"and":[65,100,107,166],"metal-enriched":[66,101],"applied":[69],"to":[70,158,178,184,211,253,258,260],"zoom-in":[72,85],"N-body":[73],"simulation":[74],"highly":[77],"overdense":[78],"region":[79,86],"surrounding":[80],"GN-z11":[82,164],"analog.":[83],"The":[84,121],"resolves":[87],"minihalos":[89,129],"where":[90],"first":[92],"stars":[93],"form.":[94],"find":[96,261],"that":[97,144,245],"both":[104],"occur":[105,224],"earlier,":[106],"higher":[110,206],"rate":[113],"density,":[114],"than":[115],"typical":[118],"mean-density":[119],"environment.":[120],"majority":[122],"ends":[130],"$z\\sim15$;":[132],"however,":[133],"we":[134,243],"identify":[135],"distinct":[137],"population":[138],"late-forming":[140,220],"form":[145,230],"near":[146],"central":[148,163],"galaxy.":[149],"These":[150],"systems":[151],"have":[152],"their":[153],"delayed":[156],"due":[157],"ionizing":[159],"feedback":[160],"analog":[165],"experience":[167],"Lyman-Werner":[169],"(LW)":[170],"intensity":[171],"${\\sim}10$":[173],"-":[174],"$100~J_{21}$,":[175],"potentially":[176],"leading":[177],"starbursts":[182],"similar":[183],"Hebe.":[185],"Interestingly,":[186],"abundance":[188],"these":[190,219,268],"depends":[194],"strongly":[195],"on":[196],"baryon-dark":[198],"matter":[199],"streaming":[200,207,241],"velocity,":[201],"$v_{\\rm":[202,226,233],"bc}$,":[203],"because":[204],"velocity":[208],"allows":[209],"halos":[210],"remain":[212],"chemically":[213],"pristine":[214],"for":[215,225,276],"longer.":[216],"None":[217],"sources":[223],"bc}=0$,":[227],"while":[228],"many":[229],"at":[231,256],"high":[232],"bc}$.":[234],"Averaging":[235],"over":[236],"distribution":[239],"velocities,":[242],"predict":[244],"order":[247],"four":[248],"GN-z11-like":[249],"need":[252],"surveyed":[255],"$z\\sim11$":[257],"expect":[259],"one":[262],"such":[263],"source.":[264],"also":[266],"note":[267],"environments":[269],"may":[270],"provide":[271],"natural":[273],"site":[275],"heavy":[277],"black":[278],"hole":[279],"seeds.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00"}
