{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214945708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2.70112","title":"Governing Water Service Delivery Under Devolution in Kenya","display_name":"Governing Water Service Delivery Under Devolution in Kenya","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214945708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2.70112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/wwp2.70112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2.70112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2.70112","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/wwp2.70112","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217454","display_name":"World Water Policy","issn_l":"2639-541X","issn":["2639-541X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Water Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/wwp2.70112","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060883655","display_name":"Collins Ogutu Miruka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-4520","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-4520","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6356-5418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4402554047","display_name":"Tharaka University","ror":"https://ror.org/0465bzv04","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4402554047"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Collins Ogutu Miruka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business Studies Tharaka University  Marimanti Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6356-5418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business Studies Tharaka University  Marimanti Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4402554047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060883655"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4402554047"],"apc_list":{"value":3140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3140},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12248","display_name":"Water Governance and Infrastructure","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12248","display_name":"Water Governance and Infrastructure","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14232","display_name":"Water Resource Management and Quality","score":0.06539999693632126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11461","display_name":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-service-delivery","display_name":"water service delivery","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/devolution","display_name":"devolution","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/county-government","display_name":"county government","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intergovernmental-relations","display_name":"intergovernmental relations","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-coordination","display_name":"institutional coordination","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-governance","display_name":"water governance","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-compliance","display_name":"regulatory compliance","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-capacity","display_name":"institutional capacity","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-salience","display_name":"political salience","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equitable-water-access","display_name":"equitable access to water","score":0.609000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190542761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904637","display_name":"Devolution (biology)","level":3,"score":0.832099974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.6985999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68595000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2274177","display_name":"Service delivery framework","level":3,"score":0.692300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.6585999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.5961999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533363959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474883","display_name":"Water industry","level":3,"score":0.486299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755","display_name":"Constitution","level":2,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777610350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462895","display_name":"Water Framework Directive","level":3,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779508350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6041185","display_name":"Institutional analysis","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777682447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3039637","display_name":"Environmental governance","level":3,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/wwp2.70112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2.70112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2.70112","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/wwp2.70112","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217454","display_name":"World Water Policy","issn_l":"2639-541X","issn":["2639-541X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Water Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/wwp2.70112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2.70112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wwp2.70112","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/wwp2.70112","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217454","display_name":"World Water Policy","issn_l":"2639-541X","issn":["2639-541X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Water Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.9090999960899353,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214945708.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214945708.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511969357","https://openalex.org/W1963549620","https://openalex.org/W2037581096","https://openalex.org/W2041499400","https://openalex.org/W2059450373","https://openalex.org/W2063505860","https://openalex.org/W2092561141","https://openalex.org/W2315503862","https://openalex.org/W2335084807","https://openalex.org/W2417514644","https://openalex.org/W2553087896","https://openalex.org/W2565724467","https://openalex.org/W2754587101","https://openalex.org/W2796415365","https://openalex.org/W2911761885","https://openalex.org/W2939571309","https://openalex.org/W3213452879","https://openalex.org/W4310297347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385551246","https://openalex.org/W4226468342","https://openalex.org/W2910292960","https://openalex.org/W2914780586","https://openalex.org/W4226289943","https://openalex.org/W4410094733","https://openalex.org/W242025392","https://openalex.org/W2796415365","https://openalex.org/W4224296215","https://openalex.org/W4385491689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Kenya's":[1],"2010":[2,95],"Constitution":[3],"introduced":[4],"a":[5,64],"devolved":[6,236],"governance":[7,53,121,206,224,258],"system":[8],"that":[9,143,212,232],"reassigned":[10],"water":[11,20,40,120,151,168,237,279],"service":[12,41,169,238,280],"delivery":[13,42,170,239,281],"responsibilities":[14,128],"to":[15,34,274],"county":[16,108,112,136,154,201],"governments":[17],"while":[18],"retaining":[19],"resources":[21],"management,":[22],"regulation,":[23],"and":[24,38,55,80,87,90,96,118,131,135,156,189,198,204,254,266,277],"policy":[25,79],"oversight":[26],"at":[27,153],"the":[28,59,147,227,233,249],"national":[29,119,134],"level.":[30],"Although":[31],"devolution":[32,144],"aimed":[33],"improve":[35],"responsiveness,":[36],"accountability,":[37],"equity,":[39],"outcomes":[43,171],"remain":[44,172],"uneven":[45,174,195],"across":[46,133,175],"counties,":[47],"raising":[48],"concerns":[49],"regarding":[50],"institutional":[51,181,252,270],"coordination,":[52,185,259],"capacity,":[54,191],"intergovernmental":[56,184,255],"relations":[57],"within":[58,226],"sector.":[60,228],"This":[61],"study":[62,230],"adopts":[63],"qualitative,":[65],"institutionally":[66],"grounded":[67],"research":[68],"design":[69],"based":[70],"on":[71,242,248],"systematic":[72],"analysis":[73,124,209],"of":[74,138,150,216,235,245,251],"publicly":[75],"available":[76],"constitutional":[77,214],"provisions,":[78],"legal":[81],"frameworks,":[82],"regulatory":[83,196,264],"assessments,":[84],"sector":[85,115],"reports,":[86,107,117],"county\u2010level":[88,269],"planning":[89],"budgeting":[91],"documents":[92],"produced":[93],"between":[94,200],"2025.":[97],"Documentary":[98],"materials":[99],"analyzed":[100],"included":[101],"Water":[102],"Services":[103],"Regulatory":[104],"Board":[105],"(WASREB)":[106],"integrated":[109],"development":[110],"plans,":[111],"budget":[113],"documents,":[114],"implementation":[116],"frameworks.":[122],"The":[123,140,208,229],"examines":[125],"how":[126],"formal":[127,213,243],"are":[129,272],"interpreted":[130],"operationalized":[132],"levels":[137],"government.":[139],"findings":[141],"show":[142],"has":[145,218],"increased":[146],"political":[148,202],"salience":[149],"services":[152],"level":[155],"enabled":[157],"more":[158],"locally":[159],"responsive":[160],"investment":[161,193],"in":[162,187,268],"some":[163],"historically":[164],"underserved":[165],"areas.":[166],"However,":[167],"highly":[173],"counties.":[176],"Persistent":[177],"challenges":[178],"include":[179],"overlapping":[180],"mandates,":[182],"weak":[183],"disparities":[186],"technical":[188],"administrative":[190],"fragmented":[192],"planning,":[194],"compliance,":[197],"misalignment":[199],"incentives":[203],"long\u2010term":[205],"requirements.":[207],"further":[210],"demonstrates":[211],"assignment":[215],"functions":[217,246],"not":[219],"eliminated":[220],"negotiated":[221],"authority":[222],"or":[223],"tensions":[225],"concludes":[231],"effectiveness":[234],"depends":[240],"less":[241],"allocation":[244],"than":[247],"quality":[250],"coordination":[253],"interaction.":[256],"Strengthening":[257],"clarifying":[260],"operational":[261],"roles,":[262],"improving":[263],"alignment,":[265],"investing":[267],"capacity":[271],"critical":[273],"achieving":[275],"equitable":[276],"sustainable":[278],"under":[282],"devolution.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00"}