{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214935829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2026.165019","title":"Comparative Performance of Response Surface Methodology and Linear Regression Models in Predicting Sugarcane Yield in Zimbabwe","display_name":"Comparative Performance of Response Surface Methodology and Linear Regression Models in Predicting Sugarcane Yield in Zimbabwe","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214935829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2026.165019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojs.2026.165019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2026.165019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2026.165019","pdf_url":"https://www.scirp.net/pdf/ojs_1242044.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764794781","display_name":"Open Journal of Statistics","issn_l":"2161-718X","issn":["2161-718X","2161-7198"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.scirp.net/pdf/ojs_1242044.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116796807","display_name":"Edwin Rupi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117467261","display_name":"Great Zimbabwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wn5gw44","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117467261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121645547","display_name":"Chinhoyi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/005f4y685","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121645547"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Rupi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics , Chinhoyi University of Technology , Chinhoyi , Zimbabwe","Sciences Department , Masvingo Teachers College , Masvingo , Zimbabwe"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics , Chinhoyi University of Technology , Chinhoyi , Zimbabwe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121645547"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sciences Department , Masvingo Teachers College , Masvingo , Zimbabwe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117467261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003917681","display_name":"Philimon Nyamugure","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-8380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-8380"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I312958679","display_name":"National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kesvt12","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philimon Nyamugure","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics and Operations Research , National University of Science and Technology , Bulawayo , Zimbabwe"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Operations Research , National University of Science and Technology , Bulawayo , Zimbabwe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034919375","display_name":"Peter Chimwanda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121645547","display_name":"Chinhoyi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/005f4y685","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121645547"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Chimwanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics , Chinhoyi University of Technology , Chinhoyi , Zimbabwe"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics , Chinhoyi University of Technology , Chinhoyi , Zimbabwe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121645547"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061520271","display_name":"Precious Mdlongwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4457-5554","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4457-5554"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I312958679","display_name":"National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kesvt12","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Precious Mdlongwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics and Operations Research , National University of Science and Technology , Bulawayo , Zimbabwe"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Operations Research , National University of Science and Technology , Bulawayo , Zimbabwe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I312958679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090208627","display_name":"Thomas Musora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6197-1156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6197-1156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121645547","display_name":"Chinhoyi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/005f4y685","country_code":"ZW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121645547"]}],"countries":["ZW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Musora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics , Chinhoyi University of Technology , Chinhoyi , Zimbabwe"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics , Chinhoyi University of Technology , Chinhoyi , Zimbabwe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121645547"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116796807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117467261","https://openalex.org/I121645547"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"05","first_page":"382","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12431","display_name":"Sugarcane Cultivation and Processing","score":0.7484999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12431","display_name":"Sugarcane Cultivation and Processing","score":0.7484999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14137","display_name":"Agriculture, Soil, Plant Science","score":0.12919999659061432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11798","display_name":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","score":0.07980000227689743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sugarcane-yield-prediction","display_name":"sugarcane yield prediction","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-surface-methodology","display_name":"response surface methodology","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-linear-regression","display_name":"multiple linear regression","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-response-surface-model","display_name":"quadratic response surface","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-composite-design","display_name":"central composite design","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-dose","display_name":"fertilizer dose","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-levels","display_name":"irrigation levels","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-density","display_name":"plant density","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-ph","display_name":"soil pH","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-organic-matter","display_name":"soil organic matter","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-optimization","display_name":"yield optimization","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"decision support system","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zimbabwe","display_name":"Zimbabwe","score":0.9399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126674687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662573","display_name":"Akaike information criterion","level":2,"score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.6485000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128990827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192830","display_name":"Coefficient of determination","level":2,"score":0.6233999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4154999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169222746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116558","display_name":"Factorial experiment","level":2,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120068334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45343","display_name":"Polynomial regression","level":3,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167085575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803654","display_name":"Mean squared prediction error","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92397422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062082","display_name":"Central composite design","level":3,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182124840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154759","display_name":"Soil organic matter","level":3,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780138947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393855","display_name":"Dry matter","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183763347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120976","display_name":"Factorial","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojs.2026.165019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2026.165019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2026.165019","pdf_url":"https://www.scirp.net/pdf/ojs_1242044.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764794781","display_name":"Open Journal of Statistics","issn_l":"2161-718X","issn":["2161-718X","2161-7198"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojs.2026.165019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2026.165019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2026.165019","pdf_url":"https://www.scirp.net/pdf/ojs_1242044.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764794781","display_name":"Open Journal of Statistics","issn_l":"2161-718X","issn":["2161-718X","2161-7198"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.875,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214935829.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214935829.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W113286128","https://openalex.org/W2033509028","https://openalex.org/W2088376206","https://openalex.org/W2107845890","https://openalex.org/W2158196600","https://openalex.org/W3009225904","https://openalex.org/W3043664567","https://openalex.org/W3046412956","https://openalex.org/W3196867394","https://openalex.org/W4235256446","https://openalex.org/W4280651497","https://openalex.org/W4313375189","https://openalex.org/W4392337389","https://openalex.org/W4392386338","https://openalex.org/W4401883403","https://openalex.org/W4405194583","https://openalex.org/W4409431935","https://openalex.org/W4410404704","https://openalex.org/W6922006619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220860023","https://openalex.org/W7130655798","https://openalex.org/W7132838980","https://openalex.org/W6981681592","https://openalex.org/W4389617482","https://openalex.org/W6887475729","https://openalex.org/W10442453","https://openalex.org/W7118103663","https://openalex.org/W4250257389","https://openalex.org/W4411358719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"prediction":[1,173,238],"of":[2,26,105,205],"sugarcane":[3,39,197,221,236,266],"yield":[4,40,198,217,237],"is":[5,230],"essential":[6],"for":[7,37,196,207,216,235,261],"optimizing":[8],"agronomic":[9,42,210],"inputs":[10],"and":[11,16,31,43,59,82,117,133,140,181,212,239,241,257,264],"enhancing":[12],"productivity":[13,263],"in":[14,130,220],"commercial":[15],"smallholder":[17],"production":[18],"systems.":[19],"This":[20],"study":[21,224],"compared":[22,158],"the":[23,95,103,160,203],"predictive":[24,138],"performance":[25,99],"Response":[27,146,227],"Surface":[28,147,228],"Methodology":[29,229],"(RSM)":[30],"conventional":[32,96,127],"Multiple":[33,161],"Linear":[34,162],"Regression":[35,163],"models":[36,129],"estimating":[38],"from":[41],"environmental":[44],"variables.":[45],"Field-level":[46],"data":[47],"on":[48],"soil":[49,252],"pH,":[50,253],"organic":[51,254],"matter":[52,255],"content,":[53,256],"fertilizer":[54],"application":[55],"rate,":[56],"irrigation":[57],"level,":[58],"planting":[60,258],"density":[61,259],"were":[62],"analysed.":[63],"A":[64],"second-order":[65],"RSM":[66,125,206],"model":[67,91],"was":[68,92,100],"fitted":[69],"using":[70,102],"a":[71,87,182,231],"Central":[72],"Composite":[73],"Design":[74],"with":[75],"32":[76],"factorial":[77],"points,":[78,85],"10":[79],"axial":[80],"points":[81],"2":[83],"centre":[84],"while":[86],"multiple":[88],"linear":[89],"regression":[90,128],"estimated":[93],"under":[94],"framework.":[97],"Model":[98,148],"evaluated":[101],"coefficient":[104],"determination":[106],"(R2),":[107],"root":[108],"mean":[109,113],"square":[110],"error":[111,115,142],"(RMSE),":[112],"absolute":[114],"(MAE),":[116],"Akaike":[118,185],"Information":[119,186],"Criterion":[120,187],"(AIC).":[121],"Results":[122],"indicated":[123],"that":[124,226],"outperformed":[126],"capturing":[131],"interaction":[132],"quadratic":[134,145],"effects,":[135],"yielding":[136],"higher":[137],"accuracy":[139],"lower":[141,172,184],"metrics.":[143],"The":[144,200,223],"(R2":[149,164],"=":[150,154,165,169,176,179,189],"0.975,":[151],"adjusted":[152,167],"R2":[153,168],"0.954)":[155],"performed":[156],"well":[157],"to":[159,248],"0.922,":[166],"0.912),":[170],"achieving":[171],"errors":[174],"(RMSE":[175],"1.26,":[177],"MAE":[178],"0.98)":[180],"substantially":[183],"(AIC":[188],"29.7":[190],"vs.":[191],"62.0),":[192],"demonstrating":[193],"greater":[194],"efficiency":[195],"estimation.":[199],"findings":[201],"demonstrate":[202],"robustness":[204],"modelling":[208,233],"complex":[209],"systems":[211,247],"highlight":[213],"its":[214,243],"suitability":[215],"optimization":[218],"strategies":[219],"production.":[222,267],"concluded":[225],"superior":[232],"approach":[234],"optimization,":[240],"recommends":[242],"integration":[244],"into":[245],"decision-support":[246],"guide":[249],"fertilizer,":[250],"irrigation,":[251],"management":[260],"improved":[262],"climate-resilient":[265]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00"}
