{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214933828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117220","title":"Prevalence of Migraine in a Convenience Sample of Children Aged 5-12 Years in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","display_name":"Prevalence of Migraine in a Convenience Sample of Children Aged 5-12 Years in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214933828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117220","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42965058","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13721836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.117220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117220","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/536918-prevalence-of-migraine-in-a-convenience-sample-of-children-aged-5-12-years-in-jeddah-saudi-arabia.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/536918-prevalence-of-migraine-in-a-convenience-sample-of-children-aged-5-12-years-in-jeddah-saudi-arabia.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123386600","display_name":"Amr Morsy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-7847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-7847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amr Morsy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatric Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatric Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153629283","display_name":"Muhsen Alamoudi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhsen Alamoudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153569262","display_name":"Amjad Bahaj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amjad Bahaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153615899","display_name":"Yousef Alkhaldi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousef Alkhaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153626054","display_name":"Abdulrhman Tubagy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrhman Tubagy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153555848","display_name":"Ahmed Altowairqi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Altowairqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153558797","display_name":"Shereen M Elghany","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802668928","display_name":"Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/0332xca13","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shereen M Elghany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatrics, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatrics, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123386600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802668928"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71140906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"e117220","last_page":"e117220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10498","display_name":"Migraine and Headache Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10498","display_name":"Migraine and Headache Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10852","display_name":"Temporomandibular Joint Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migraine","display_name":"migraine","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-migraine","display_name":"pediatric migraine","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jeddah","display_name":"Jeddah","score":0.7630000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9861999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133823","display_name":"Migraine","level":2,"score":0.7807000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3659000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911171718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133823","display_name":"Migraine Disorders","level":3,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020318244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4812187","display_name":"Large sample","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.117220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117220","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/536918-prevalence-of-migraine-in-a-convenience-sample-of-children-aged-5-12-years-in-jeddah-saudi-arabia.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13721836","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13721836/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13721836/pdf/cureus-0018-00000117220.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42965058","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42965058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.117220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117220","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/536918-prevalence-of-migraine-in-a-convenience-sample-of-children-aged-5-12-years-in-jeddah-saudi-arabia.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311526","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214933828.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214933828.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978326309","https://openalex.org/W2132689324","https://openalex.org/W2169388339","https://openalex.org/W2605568149","https://openalex.org/W2801085490","https://openalex.org/W2895868360","https://openalex.org/W3036102381","https://openalex.org/W3158075871","https://openalex.org/W3204776688","https://openalex.org/W4214623848","https://openalex.org/W4320481762","https://openalex.org/W4386249696","https://openalex.org/W4411785420","https://openalex.org/W4414028136","https://openalex.org/W4414266709","https://openalex.org/W4415457275","https://openalex.org/W4417102683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978326309","https://openalex.org/W2185322593","https://openalex.org/W7126234952","https://openalex.org/W2149576320","https://openalex.org/W1971134711","https://openalex.org/W2135312241","https://openalex.org/W4233029109","https://openalex.org/W7214719807","https://openalex.org/W2132689324","https://openalex.org/W2074256173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Migraine":[1,105,210],"is":[2],"a":[3,247,287],"common":[4],"neurological":[5],"disorder":[6],"in":[7,31,53,70,272],"children":[8,30,49,65,199,229,268],"and":[9,18,77,89,182,197,223,315,340],"adolescents":[10],"that":[11],"may":[12],"affect":[13],"school":[14],"attendance,":[15],"daily":[16],"functioning,":[17],"quality":[19],"of":[20,45,130,140,148,234,254,267,275,292,318],"life.":[21],"Contemporary":[22],"data":[23],"regarding":[24],"migraine":[25,47,142,235,240,256,290],"prevalence":[26,44,139,291],"among":[27,48,63],"younger":[28],"school-aged":[29],"Jeddah,":[32,54,71,273],"Saudi":[33,55,72],"Arabia,":[34,73],"are":[35,344],"lacking.":[36],"This":[37],"study":[38,60,266],"aimed":[39],"to":[40,100,119,286],"estimate":[41],"the":[42,102,112,120,127,146,151,193,205,279,303,311,316],"12-month":[43,138,288],"questionnaire-defined":[46,141,255,289],"aged":[50,66,269],"5-12":[51,67,270],"years":[52,68,271],"Arabia.":[56],"METHODS:":[57],"A":[58],"cross-sectional":[59],"was":[61,143,212,236],"conducted":[62],"community-recruited":[64],"residing":[69],"between":[74],"March":[75],"2026":[76],"July":[78],"2026.":[79],"Participants":[80,107],"were":[81,98,116,165,180,185],"recruited":[82],"through":[83],"convenience":[84,304],"sampling":[85],"using":[86,167,336],"online":[87],"parent":[88],"school-related":[90],"social":[91],"media":[92],"groups.":[93],"Parents":[94],"or":[95,170,218],"legal":[96],"guardians":[97],"asked":[99],"complete":[101],"McMaster":[103],"Pediatric":[104],"Questionnaire.":[106],"who":[108],"reported":[109,190],"headache":[110,191],"during":[111,192],"preceding":[113,194],"12":[114,195],"months":[115],"classified":[117],"according":[118],"questionnaire's":[121],"predefined":[122,152,280],"scoring":[123],"algorithm":[124],"based":[125,325],"on":[126,307,326],"International":[128],"Classification":[129],"Headache":[131],"Disorders,":[132],"Second":[133],"Edition":[134],"(ICHD-II)":[135],"criteria.":[136],"The":[137],"calculated":[144],"as":[145],"proportion":[147],"participants":[149,188,277],"fulfilling":[150],"questionnaire":[153,206,281,309,324],"criteria,":[154],"with":[155,162,216,230,239],"an":[156,319],"exact":[157,172],"95%":[158,201,260],"confidence":[159],"interval.":[160],"Associations":[161],"categorical":[163],"variables":[164],"assessed":[166],"Pearson's":[168],"chi-square":[169],"Fisher's":[171],"test.":[173],"RESULTS:":[174],"Among":[175,228],"183":[176,276],"children,":[177],"130":[178],"(71.0%)":[179],"male,":[181],"53":[183],"(29.0%)":[184],"female.":[186],"Sixty-nine":[187],"(37.7%)":[189],"months,":[196],"27":[198,274],"(14.8%;":[200],"CI:":[202,261,295],"10.0-20.7%)":[203],"met":[204,278],"criteria":[207,282,328,343],"for":[208,283],"migraine.":[209],"status":[211,241],"not":[213,321],"significantly":[214,237],"associated":[215,238],"sex":[217],"age":[219],"(p":[220,242],"=":[221,225,258],"0.261":[222],"p":[224],"0.226,":[226],"respectively).":[227],"headache,":[231],"family":[232,249],"history":[233,250],"<":[243],"0.001);":[244],"those":[245],"reporting":[246],"positive":[248],"had":[251],"higher":[252],"odds":[253],"(OR":[257],"7.92,":[259],"2.49-25.22).":[262],"CONCLUSION:":[263],"In":[264],"this":[265],"migraine,":[284],"corresponding":[285],"14.8%":[293],"(95%":[294],"10.0-20.7%).":[296],"Findings":[297],"should":[298],"be":[299],"interpreted":[300],"cautiously":[301],"given":[302],"sampling,":[305],"reliance":[306],"parental":[308],"responses,":[310],"long":[312],"recall":[313],"period,":[314],"use":[317],"Arabic-translated,":[320],"formally":[322],"validated":[323,337],"ICHD-II":[327],"rather":[329],"than":[330],"contemporary":[331],"clinical":[332],"assessment.":[333],"Population-based":[334],"studies":[335],"Arabic":[338],"instruments":[339],"current":[341],"diagnostic":[342],"warranted.":[345]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00"}
