{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214919653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","title":"Scale degeneracy: the physical basis of calibration and absolute quantitation in molecular binding","display_name":"Scale degeneracy: the physical basis of calibration and absolute quantitation in molecular binding","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214919653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103949461","display_name":"Liang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-8797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-8797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sino German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University","State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-8797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sino German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153553472","display_name":"Tianjiao Mao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianjiao Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Aurefluidics Technology Co., Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Aurefluidics Technology Co., Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003548519","display_name":"Yipi Xiao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yipi Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of TCM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of TCM","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121934823","display_name":"Feiyue Qin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feiyue Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai LiangTa biotech Co., Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai LiangTa biotech Co., Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153567504","display_name":"Fanrong Ai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanrong Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153593812","display_name":"Jiani Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiani Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121914392","display_name":"Qingxin Song","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingxin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014271885","display_name":"Shengming Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164024","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbwr869","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengming Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033524550","display_name":"Xiluan Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4161-3471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4161-3471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiluan Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Evaluation and Transformation","School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4161-3471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Evaluation and Transformation","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108119342","display_name":"Huan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2695-6825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2695-6825"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai LiangTa biotech Co., Ltd"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2695-6825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai LiangTa biotech Co., Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.296099990606308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.296099990606308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12867","display_name":"Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications","score":0.21889999508857727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13539","display_name":"thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses","score":0.1273999959230423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration-curve","display_name":"calibration curve","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absolute-quantification","display_name":"absolute quantification","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-mechanics","display_name":"statistical mechanics","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/langmuir-isotherm","display_name":"Langmuir isotherm","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binding-affinity","display_name":"binding affinity","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assay-sensitivity","display_name":"assay sensitivity","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-pcr","display_name":"digital PCR","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radioimmunoassay","display_name":"radioimmunoassay","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-molecule-array","display_name":"single molecule array","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-biology","display_name":"quantitative biology","score":0.4490000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.7152000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24872484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126818","display_name":"Dimensionless quantity","level":2,"score":0.6402999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6507061","display_name":"Molecular binding","level":3,"score":0.5551000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5080999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.44519999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.41130000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779265950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22906137","display_name":"Absolute scale","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119128265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165","display_name":"Detection limit","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55037315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421151","display_name":"Experimental data","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23531484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196863","display_name":"Calibration curve","level":3,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780420688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759183","display_name":"Immunoassay","level":3,"score":0.2515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989255885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500256","display_name":"Molecular conformation","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-19rj6/v11","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2395904871","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82360857","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4098825380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32460623","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214919653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214919653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579266296","https://openalex.org/W1733847523","https://openalex.org/W1816090072","https://openalex.org/W1991461818","https://openalex.org/W2020357919","https://openalex.org/W2033836116","https://openalex.org/W2042194227","https://openalex.org/W2043813981","https://openalex.org/W2063397409","https://openalex.org/W2064543601","https://openalex.org/W2087579091","https://openalex.org/W2092198587","https://openalex.org/W2101687185","https://openalex.org/W2143970735","https://openalex.org/W2146755591","https://openalex.org/W2148534890","https://openalex.org/W2161863487","https://openalex.org/W2166642834","https://openalex.org/W2243690352","https://openalex.org/W2565271742","https://openalex.org/W2579829632","https://openalex.org/W2750040426","https://openalex.org/W2910719176","https://openalex.org/W2920804790","https://openalex.org/W3021659033","https://openalex.org/W3021757636","https://openalex.org/W3023173633","https://openalex.org/W3048271700","https://openalex.org/W3082319606","https://openalex.org/W3108711749","https://openalex.org/W3167634202","https://openalex.org/W3196438430","https://openalex.org/W4223538597","https://openalex.org/W4226092118","https://openalex.org/W4229027348","https://openalex.org/W4294993132","https://openalex.org/W4295464110","https://openalex.org/W4315436058","https://openalex.org/W4319312169","https://openalex.org/W4366601852","https://openalex.org/W4388889086","https://openalex.org/W4391542101","https://openalex.org/W4392013406","https://openalex.org/W4401980156","https://openalex.org/W4408072232","https://openalex.org/W4409279344","https://openalex.org/W4409628414","https://openalex.org/W4415980303"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172402847","https://openalex.org/W7159861836","https://openalex.org/W7127605634","https://openalex.org/W7164126832","https://openalex.org/W6958231126","https://openalex.org/W2599526600","https://openalex.org/W3021659033","https://openalex.org/W7118191209","https://openalex.org/W4407497547","https://openalex.org/W7214315657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantitative":[0],"biology,":[1],"from":[2,40,60,89,125],"clinical":[3,133],"diagnostics":[4],"to":[5,67,129],"drug":[6],"discovery,":[7],"relies":[8],"on":[9,120],"molecular":[10],"binding":[11,28],"assays.":[12],"Except":[13],"digital":[14,107],"PCR,":[15,108],"these":[16],"assays":[17,29,112],"require":[18],"calibration":[19,145],"curves":[20],"and":[21,51,82,109,132,143],"cannot":[22],"be":[23],"compared":[24],"across":[25],"platforms.":[26],"All":[27],"obey":[30],"one":[31,90],"physical":[32],"law:":[33],"an":[34],"exact":[35],"finite-site":[36],"equation":[37],"of":[38,77,123],"state":[39],"statistical":[41],"mechanics,":[42],"with":[43,117],"two":[44],"dimensionless":[45],"variables,":[46],"the":[47,61,126],"relative":[48],"target":[49],"concentration":[50],"a":[52,147],"regime":[53],"parameter":[54],"\u03ba.":[55],"\u03ba":[56],"maps":[57],"assay":[58],"platforms":[59],"Langmuir":[62],"limit":[63],"(\u03ba":[64,70],">":[65],"10)":[66],"near-complete":[68],"capture":[69,80],"<":[71],"0.1).":[72],"Invariance":[73],"under":[74],"joint":[75],"rescaling":[76],"molecule":[78],"number,":[79],"capacity,":[81],"affinity":[83],"(scale":[84],"degeneracy)":[85],"precludes":[86],"their":[87],"determination":[88],"equilibrium":[91],"measurement,":[92],"explaining":[93],"calibration.":[94],"We":[95],"identify":[96],"three":[97],"criteria":[98],"for":[99],"calibration-free":[100],"absolute":[101],"quantification,":[102],"met":[103],"today":[104],"only":[105],"by":[106],"prove":[110],"analog":[111],"intrinsically":[113],"calibration-bound,":[114],"increasingly":[115],"so":[116],"precision.":[118],"Validated":[119],"six":[121],"decades":[122],"data,":[124],"1960":[127],"radioimmunoassay":[128],"single-molecule":[130],"arrays":[131],"samples,":[134],"it":[135],"unifies":[136],"sensitivity":[137],"standards,":[138],"explains":[139],"digital-assay":[140],"error":[141],"budgets,":[142],"turns":[144],"into":[146],"design":[148],"parameter.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00"}
