{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214916967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959","title":"Immunogenic cell death and tertiary lymphoid structures jointly define dysregulated antitumor immune states and therapeutic vulnerability in lung adenocarcinoma","display_name":"Immunogenic cell death and tertiary lymphoid structures jointly define dysregulated antitumor immune states and therapeutic vulnerability in lung adenocarcinoma","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214916967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42877251","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13662155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053549767","display_name":"Yuntian Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086801","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/001rahr89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuntian Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University","Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153604036","display_name":"Yi Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086801","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/001rahr89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132666940","display_name":"Yihan Meng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihan Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Statistics and Big Data, Renmin University of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Statistics and Big Data, Renmin University of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153574197","display_name":"Qinhua Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086801","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/001rahr89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinhua Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University","Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041915733","display_name":"Yaoyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6362-3422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6362-3422"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086801","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/001rahr89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University","Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153612640","display_name":"Xiaorong Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086801","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/001rahr89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaorong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University","Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153678317","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086801","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/001rahr89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116303572","display_name":"Mengmeng Sang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-002X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-002X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086801","display_name":"Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/001rahr89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mengmeng Sang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University","Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210086801"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116303572","https://openalex.org/A5153678317"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430","https://openalex.org/I4210086801"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69904911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1917959","last_page":"1917959"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11297","display_name":"Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunogenic-cell-death","display_name":"immunogenic cell death","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tertiary-lymphoid-structures","display_name":"tertiary lymphoid structures","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-adenocarcinoma","display_name":"lung adenocarcinoma","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy-response","display_name":"immunotherapy response","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-gene-signature","display_name":"prognostic gene signature","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd40","display_name":"CD40","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd5","display_name":"CD5","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gfi1","display_name":"GFI1","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tide-score","display_name":"TIDE score","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-repurposing","display_name":"drug repurposing","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-regulatory-networks","display_name":"gene regulatory networks","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-immune-heterogeneity","display_name":"tumor immune heterogeneity","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-vulnerabilities","display_name":"therapeutic vulnerabilities","score":0.39399999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.7038000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.4684000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21686041","display_name":"Immune checkpoint","level":4,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777877232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144704","display_name":"Immunogenic cell death","level":4,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780868878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660197","display_name":"Immunogenicity","level":3,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781182431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356033","display_name":"Adenocarcinoma","level":3,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426188","display_name":"FOXP3","level":3,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781053074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21100639","display_name":"PD-L1","level":4,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181152851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q712604","display_name":"Lymphatic system","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167672396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417800","display_name":"CD8","level":3,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193419808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645075","display_name":"Acquired immune system","level":3,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072717","descriptor_name":"Tertiary Lymphoid Structures","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072717","descriptor_name":"Tertiary Lymphoid Structures","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077192","descriptor_name":"Adenocarcinoma of Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077192","descriptor_name":"Adenocarcinoma of Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077192","descriptor_name":"Adenocarcinoma of Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077192","descriptor_name":"Adenocarcinoma of Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000079527","descriptor_name":"Immunogenic Cell Death","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007167","descriptor_name":"Immunotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015972","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059016","descriptor_name":"Tumor Microenvironment","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42877251","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42877251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13662155","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13662155/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:875de976606646c897acded5c7c5bfa3","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/875de976606646c897acded5c7c5bfa3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917959/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1383403446","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MS2024053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336619","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Project of Nantong City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3169688038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82172931","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608148915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32170915","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7710713752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JY061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323090","funder_display_name":"Nantong University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7777232906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YJXYY202204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336619","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Project of Nantong City"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317014","display_name":"Bethune Charitable Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0430c7a41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323090","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336619","display_name":"Science and Technology Project of Nantong City","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214916967.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214916967.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":120,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570622790","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1883430110","https://openalex.org/W1912122861","https://openalex.org/W1964940342","https://openalex.org/W1965801346","https://openalex.org/W1977889509","https://openalex.org/W1986440037","https://openalex.org/W2009333774","https://openalex.org/W2012034410","https://openalex.org/W2016612145","https://openalex.org/W2019176983","https://openalex.org/W2027255730","https://openalex.org/W2034637902","https://openalex.org/W2035618305","https://openalex.org/W2042572511","https://openalex.org/W2047028564","https://openalex.org/W2067632426","https://openalex.org/W2078902726","https://openalex.org/W2091596054","https://openalex.org/W2093424661","https://openalex.org/W2096560421","https://openalex.org/W2105594055","https://openalex.org/W2106545917","https://openalex.org/W2107296273","https://openalex.org/W2113699335","https://openalex.org/W2116386978","https://openalex.org/W2122825543","https://openalex.org/W2127768736","https://openalex.org/W2132165198","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2137526110","https://openalex.org/W2138778951","https://openalex.org/W2140949164","https://openalex.org/W2152644043","https://openalex.org/W2155354546","https://openalex.org/W2159707944","https://openalex.org/W2161920802","https://openalex.org/W2171268876","https://openalex.org/W2176476208","https://openalex.org/W2254632051","https://openalex.org/W2332292689","https://openalex.org/W2339442385","https://openalex.org/W2342639474","https://openalex.org/W2398690791","https://openalex.org/W2410408354","https://openalex.org/W2508221666","https://openalex.org/W2536322725","https://openalex.org/W2559803603","https://openalex.org/W2612427157","https://openalex.org/W2768599330","https://openalex.org/W2788142646","https://openalex.org/W2801309958","https://openalex.org/W2808837841","https://openalex.org/W2889052854","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912137016","https://openalex.org/W2936414047","https://openalex.org/W2945057866","https://openalex.org/W2948132055","https://openalex.org/W2960139276","https://openalex.org/W2967833499","https://openalex.org/W2973690026","https://openalex.org/W2980334813","https://openalex.org/W2984472267","https://openalex.org/W2999626196","https://openalex.org/W3000311037","https://openalex.org/W3007003142","https://openalex.org/W3011642937","https://openalex.org/W3022968840","https://openalex.org/W3024919611","https://openalex.org/W3041116333","https://openalex.org/W3048041826","https://openalex.org/W3080488006","https://openalex.org/W3083501712","https://openalex.org/W3095889985","https://openalex.org/W3108774824","https://openalex.org/W3132661792","https://openalex.org/W3138779638","https://openalex.org/W3139858610","https://openalex.org/W3147894994","https://openalex.org/W3162215872","https://openalex.org/W3164692211","https://openalex.org/W3182293965","https://openalex.org/W3183254943","https://openalex.org/W3185587603","https://openalex.org/W3214917405","https://openalex.org/W4205511851","https://openalex.org/W4211059596","https://openalex.org/W4220788548","https://openalex.org/W4225948779","https://openalex.org/W4233120011","https://openalex.org/W4281678632","https://openalex.org/W4308449126","https://openalex.org/W4313236955","https://openalex.org/W4315497997","https://openalex.org/W4317390883","https://openalex.org/W4318831792","https://openalex.org/W4321457619","https://openalex.org/W4323348070","https://openalex.org/W4378211218","https://openalex.org/W4378803887","https://openalex.org/W4385618426","https://openalex.org/W4385761753","https://openalex.org/W4387305154","https://openalex.org/W4387331030","https://openalex.org/W4388162527","https://openalex.org/W4394014345","https://openalex.org/W4395661469","https://openalex.org/W4399836741","https://openalex.org/W4401419197","https://openalex.org/W4401643760","https://openalex.org/W4401967826","https://openalex.org/W4404519615","https://openalex.org/W4405249279","https://openalex.org/W4406726236","https://openalex.org/W4407136646","https://openalex.org/W4410202948","https://openalex.org/W4415814107","https://openalex.org/W7140294162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402229582","https://openalex.org/W4313236955","https://openalex.org/W4379233472","https://openalex.org/W4414466686","https://openalex.org/W6920518035","https://openalex.org/W4385801694","https://openalex.org/W4385876935","https://openalex.org/W4365509924","https://openalex.org/W4386958104","https://openalex.org/W4413296797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Immunogenic":[1],"cell":[2],"death":[3],"(ICD)":[4],"and":[5,40,57,66,97,104,123,127,136,146,181,186,203,212,218,227,238,245,252,266,282,288,296,314,317,327,342],"tertiary":[6],"lymphoid":[7],"structures":[8],"(TLSs)":[9],"are":[10,318],"biologically":[11],"distinct":[12],"yet":[13],"interconnected":[14],"components":[15],"of":[16,55,273],"antitumor":[17],"immunity.":[18],"ICD":[19],"promotes":[20],"danger-associated":[21],"immune":[22,29,37,81,171,303,321],"activation,":[23,180],"whereas":[24],"TLSs":[25],"organize":[26],"local":[27],"adaptive":[28],"responses.":[30],"However,":[31],"how":[32],"these":[33],"processes":[34],"jointly":[35,299],"affect":[36],"heterogeneity,":[38],"prognosis,":[39,326],"therapeutic":[41,256,328,348],"responsiveness":[42,206],"in":[43,60,110,144,207,305],"lung":[44],"adenocarcinoma":[45],"(LUAD)":[46],"remains":[47],"unclear.":[48],"Methods:":[49],"To":[50],"define":[51],"the":[52],"coordinated":[53],"roles":[54],"TLS-":[56,103,126,295],"ICD-related":[58,128,297],"programs":[59,298],"LUAD,":[61],"we":[62,117],"used":[63],"a":[64,191,333],"multi-cohort":[65],"multi-layer":[67],"analytical":[68],"framework.":[69],"This":[70],"framework":[71,337],"included":[72],"transcriptomic":[73],"analysis,":[74],"Mendelian":[75,210],"randomization,":[76],"consensus":[77],"machine-learning":[78,115],"prognostic":[79,121,239],"modeling,":[80],"landscape":[82,163],"characterization,":[83],"single-cell":[84,226],"RNA":[85],"sequencing,":[86],"multiplex":[87],"immunohistochemistry,":[88],"immunotherapy":[89,205,324],"response":[90],"assessment,":[91],"exploratory":[92],"drug":[93],"screening,":[94],"structural":[95],"analyses,":[96],"multilayer":[98],"network":[99,264],"topology":[100],"analysis.":[101],"Results:":[102],"ICD-associated":[105],"genes":[106],"were":[107],"transcriptionally":[108],"dysregulated":[109],"LUAD.":[111,260],"By":[112],"integrating":[113],"13":[114],"algorithms,":[116],"developed":[118],"801":[119],"candidate":[120,221],"models":[122,129,140],"identified":[124,249],"optimal":[125],"that":[130,166],"stratified":[131],"patients":[132],"effectively":[133],"into":[134],"high-":[135],"low-risk":[137,167],"groups.":[138],"These":[139,330],"showed":[141],"strong":[142],"performance":[143],"TCGA":[145],"remained":[147],"robust":[148],"across":[149],"six":[150],"external":[151],"cohorts.":[152,209],"Low-risk":[153],"tumors":[154,168],"had":[155,169],"higher":[156,196],"TLS+ICD":[157,197],"scores":[158,198],"than":[159],"high-risk":[160,259],"tumors.":[161],"Immune":[162,184],"analysis":[164,269],"indicated":[165],"elevated":[170],"scores,":[172,189],"enhanced":[173],"antigen":[174],"presentation,":[175],"cytotoxic":[176],"T/NK-cell":[177],"signatures,":[178],"checkpoint":[179],"lower":[182],"Tumor":[183],"Dysfunction":[185],"Exclusion":[187],"(TIDE)":[188],"suggesting":[190],"more":[192,345],"immunotherapy-responsive":[193],"microenvironment.":[194],"Consistently,":[195],"correlated":[199],"with":[200,225,320],"improved":[201],"survival":[202,213],"greater":[204],"independent":[208],"randomization":[211],"analyses":[214,229],"prioritized":[215],"CD40,":[216],"CD5,":[217],"GFI1":[219],"as":[220,254],"TLS-ICD":[222],"immune-regulatory":[223,275],"genes,":[224],"mIHC":[228],"defining":[230],"their":[231],"major":[232],"cellular":[233],"origins,":[234],"spatial":[235],"protein":[236],"phenotypes,":[237],"relevance.":[240],"Drug":[241],"prediction,":[242],"molecular":[243,246],"docking,":[244],"dynamics":[247],"simulations":[248],"CAY10576,":[250],"SCH772984,":[251],"SZ4TA2":[253],"potential":[255],"agents":[257],"for":[258,338],"Multilayer":[261],"gene":[262],"regulatory":[263],"reconstruction":[265],"GLMY":[267],"homology":[268],"revealed":[270],"progressive":[271],"disruption":[272],"higher-order":[274],"organization":[276],"from":[277],"normal":[278],"to":[279],"tumor":[280],"tissues":[281],"between":[283],"low":[284],"TLS-risk/low":[285],"ICD-risk":[286,291],"(LL-risk)":[287],"high":[289],"TLS-risk/high":[290],"(HH-risk)":[292],"states.":[293],"Conclusions:":[294],"delineate":[300],"clinically":[301],"significant":[302],"states":[304],"LUAD":[306,339],"through":[307],"convergent":[308],"transcriptomic,":[309],"genetic,":[310],"single-cell,":[311],"spatial,":[312],"pharmacological,":[313],"systems-level":[315],"evidence,":[316],"associated":[319],"microenvironment":[322],"remodeling,":[323],"responsiveness,":[325],"vulnerability.":[329],"findings":[331],"establish":[332],"biomarker-guided,":[334],"machine":[335],"learning-supported":[336],"risk":[340],"stratification":[341],"may":[343],"inform":[344],"precise":[346],"immunotherapy-oriented":[347],"strategies.":[349]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00"}