{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214907674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198738","title":"GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism at the Obesity\u2013Neurodegeneration Interface: A Narrative Review","display_name":"GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism at the Obesity\u2013Neurodegeneration Interface: A Narrative Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214907674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198738","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42883986","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13664769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27198738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198738","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080198401","display_name":"Elena Popa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2207-5129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2207-5129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304011483","display_name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/03hd30t45","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Popa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania","Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2207-5129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009998339","display_name":"Andrei Emilian Popa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1622-2543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1622-2543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304011483","display_name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/03hd30t45","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrei Emilian Popa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","\u201cProf. Dr. Nicolae Oblu\u201d Emergency Clinic Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1622-2543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u201cProf. Dr. Nicolae Oblu\u201d Emergency Clinic Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013857319","display_name":"Vladimir Poroch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-5395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-5395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304011483","display_name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/03hd30t45","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Poroch","raw_affiliation_strings":["2nd Internal Medicine Department, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania","Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2503-5395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2nd Internal Medicine Department, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067969017","display_name":"Thomas Gabriel Schreiner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4495-4004","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4495-4004"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304011483","display_name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/03hd30t45","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Gabriel Schreiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","\u201cProf. Dr. Nicolae Oblu\u201d Emergency Clinic Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4495-4004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u201cProf. Dr. Nicolae Oblu\u201d Emergency Clinic Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126243008","display_name":"Ana Maria Sl\u0103nin\u0103","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304011483","display_name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/03hd30t45","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Maria Slanina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","\u201cProf. Dr. Nicolae Oblu\u201d Emergency Clinic Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u201cProf. Dr. Nicolae Oblu\u201d Emergency Clinic Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112968674","display_name":"Mihaela Poroch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304011483","display_name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/03hd30t45","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihaela Poroch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania","Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140572841","display_name":"Alexandru Matei Hatneanu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304011483","display_name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/03hd30t45","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandru Matei Hatneanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104028251","display_name":"Monica Iuliana Ungureanu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304011483","display_name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/03hd30t45","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Iuliana Ungureanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania","Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050984329","display_name":"Antoneta Dacia Petroaie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-8058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-8058"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304011483","display_name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/03hd30t45","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antoneta Dacia Petroaie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","\u201cProf. Dr. Nicolae Oblu\u201d Emergency Clinic Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u201cProf. Dr. Nicolae Oblu\u201d Emergency Clinic Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048271772","display_name":"Agnes Iacinta Bacu\u0219c\u0103","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304011483","display_name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/03hd30t45","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agnes Iacinta Bacusca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania","Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130380537","display_name":"Elena Adorata Coman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304011483","display_name":"Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy","ror":"https://ror.org/03hd30t45","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Adorata Coman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","\u201cProf. Dr. Nicolae Oblu\u201d Emergency Clinic Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u201cProf. Dr. Nicolae Oblu\u201d Emergency Clinic Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009998339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304011483"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42995998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"19","first_page":"8738","last_page":"8738"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.7886000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.7886000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.18250000476837158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glp-1-receptor-agonists","display_name":"GLP-1 receptor agonists","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gip-receptor-agonist","display_name":"GIP receptor agonist","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucagon-receptor-agonist","display_name":"glucagon receptor agonist","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegeneration","display_name":"neurodegeneration","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liraglutide","display_name":"liraglutide","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semaglutide","display_name":"semaglutide","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tirzepatide","display_name":"tirzepatide","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retatrutide","display_name":"retatrutide","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-signaling","display_name":"insulin signaling","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitochondrial-homeostasis","display_name":"mitochondrial homeostasis","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-function","display_name":"synaptic function","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia-risk","display_name":"dementia risk","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.6499999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781308992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2526479","display_name":"Liraglutide","level":4,"score":0.7035999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5952000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755122","display_name":"Neurodegeneration","level":3,"score":0.5263000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.4794999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4733999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14527384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4693403","display_name":"Agonism","level":3,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25498285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981368","display_name":"Neuroprotection","level":2,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909862629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27261089","display_name":"Semaglutide","level":5,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185280430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14909910","display_name":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor","level":4,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776398474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424611","display_name":"Glucagon-like peptide-1","level":4,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14904911","display_name":"Glucagon receptor","level":4,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112446052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422579","display_name":"Insulin receptor","level":4,"score":0.2572000026702881}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000097789","descriptor_name":"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098860","descriptor_name":"Tirzepatide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000099194","descriptor_name":"Semaglutide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005749","descriptor_name":"Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011964","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011964","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000819","qualifier_name":"agonists","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018027","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Glucagon","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018027","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Glucagon","qualifier_ui":"Q000819","qualifier_name":"agonists","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D052216","descriptor_name":"Glucagon-Like Peptide 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27198738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42883986","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42883986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of molecular sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13664769","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13664769/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Mol Sci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27198738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525058897","https://openalex.org/W1999922547","https://openalex.org/W2106339546","https://openalex.org/W2107387649","https://openalex.org/W2138677261","https://openalex.org/W2193561325","https://openalex.org/W2279364518","https://openalex.org/W2609885671","https://openalex.org/W2744843428","https://openalex.org/W2791728731","https://openalex.org/W2888643581","https://openalex.org/W2931543462","https://openalex.org/W3009346383","https://openalex.org/W3009658421","https://openalex.org/W3013242926","https://openalex.org/W3117625807","https://openalex.org/W3118898040","https://openalex.org/W3161583648","https://openalex.org/W3173995488","https://openalex.org/W3175579825","https://openalex.org/W3177122952","https://openalex.org/W3202585660","https://openalex.org/W4200464190","https://openalex.org/W4211048507","https://openalex.org/W4220932880","https://openalex.org/W4221041575","https://openalex.org/W4231015464","https://openalex.org/W4281934192","https://openalex.org/W4283460245","https://openalex.org/W4283729796","https://openalex.org/W4288033440","https://openalex.org/W4292242922","https://openalex.org/W4294162864","https://openalex.org/W4365459497","https://openalex.org/W4377041419","https://openalex.org/W4382049661","https://openalex.org/W4388592674","https://openalex.org/W4389657185","https://openalex.org/W4391879952","https://openalex.org/W4392773058","https://openalex.org/W4393852482","https://openalex.org/W4394743424","https://openalex.org/W4396705969","https://openalex.org/W4399653263","https://openalex.org/W4400089962","https://openalex.org/W4400485139","https://openalex.org/W4400807633","https://openalex.org/W4401164724","https://openalex.org/W4402039126","https://openalex.org/W4402169113","https://openalex.org/W4402620314","https://openalex.org/W4403972995","https://openalex.org/W4404148136","https://openalex.org/W4406456922","https://openalex.org/W4407121696","https://openalex.org/W4407943651","https://openalex.org/W4408051488","https://openalex.org/W4408591747","https://openalex.org/W4409218088","https://openalex.org/W4409483503","https://openalex.org/W4409534285","https://openalex.org/W4409952745","https://openalex.org/W4409963211","https://openalex.org/W4410197519","https://openalex.org/W4410774898","https://openalex.org/W4411666866","https://openalex.org/W4412071758","https://openalex.org/W4412428671","https://openalex.org/W4412724753","https://openalex.org/W4413099809","https://openalex.org/W4413139441","https://openalex.org/W4413306668","https://openalex.org/W4414160362","https://openalex.org/W4415290077","https://openalex.org/W4415966252","https://openalex.org/W4416142614","https://openalex.org/W4416673319","https://openalex.org/W4416850431","https://openalex.org/W7117232542","https://openalex.org/W7118161486","https://openalex.org/W7119532708","https://openalex.org/W7127923820","https://openalex.org/W7128804978","https://openalex.org/W7128955723","https://openalex.org/W7131362986","https://openalex.org/W7133813220","https://openalex.org/W7139011201","https://openalex.org/W7154965465","https://openalex.org/W7161160522","https://openalex.org/W7163753784","https://openalex.org/W7164011188","https://openalex.org/W7164043252","https://openalex.org/W7165571806","https://openalex.org/W7166890776","https://openalex.org/W7167625361","https://openalex.org/W7202069649","https://openalex.org/W7202158557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410197519","https://openalex.org/W7165674045","https://openalex.org/W4404054638","https://openalex.org/W4417230469","https://openalex.org/W7214161843","https://openalex.org/W4417492588","https://openalex.org/W4416129716","https://openalex.org/W4416384136","https://openalex.org/W3048784557","https://openalex.org/W7166979181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Glucagon-like":[0],"peptide-1":[1,35],"receptor":[2,36],"agonism":[3],"has":[4],"attracted":[5],"interest":[6],"in":[7,19],"neurodegeneration":[8],"because":[9],"of":[10,63,78],"its":[11,102],"effects":[12,178],"on":[13],"metabolic":[14,146,171],"and":[15,29,47,61,71,85,92,106,138,170,183],"inflammatory":[16],"pathways":[17],"implicated":[18],"neuronal":[20],"dysfunction.":[21],"This":[22],"narrative":[23],"review":[24],"examines":[25],"the":[26,42,52],"molecular":[27],"rationale":[28],"neurological":[30,72],"evidence":[31,135],"for":[32,136],"selective":[33],"glucagon-like":[34],"agonists,":[37],"dual":[38],"agonists":[39,49],"additionally":[40],"targeting":[41],"glucose-dependent":[43],"insulinotropic":[44],"polypeptide":[45],"receptor,":[46],"triple":[48],"also":[50],"engaging":[51],"glucagon":[53],"receptor.":[54],"English-language":[55],"literature":[56],"retrieved":[57],"from":[58,179],"PubMed,":[59],"Scopus,":[60],"Web":[62],"Science":[64],"was":[65],"synthesized":[66],"according":[67],"to":[68,132,175],"study":[69],"design":[70],"relevance.":[73],"Preclinical":[74],"findings":[75],"indicate":[76],"modulation":[77],"insulin":[79],"signaling,":[80],"synaptic":[81],"function,":[82],"mitochondrial":[83],"homeostasis,":[84],"neuroinflammation,":[86],"but":[87],"responses":[88],"vary":[89],"across":[90],"compounds":[91],"experimental":[93],"models.":[94],"In":[95],"Alzheimer's":[96],"disease,":[97],"liraglutide":[98],"did":[99,108],"not":[100,109,149],"meet":[101],"primary":[103],"trial":[104],"endpoint,":[105],"semaglutide":[107],"slow":[110],"clinical":[111,163],"progression.":[112],"Parkinson's":[113],"disease":[114,122],"trials":[115,161],"have":[116],"yielded":[117],"mixed":[118],"results":[119],"without":[120],"establishing":[121],"modification.":[123],"Observational":[124],"associations":[125],"with":[126,165],"reduced":[127],"dementia":[128],"risk":[129],"remain":[130],"susceptible":[131],"confounding.":[133],"Neurological":[134],"tirzepatide":[137],"retatrutide":[139],"remains":[140],"predominantly":[141],"observational":[142],"or":[143,192],"preclinical.":[144],"Greater":[145],"efficacy":[147],"does":[148],"establish":[150],"neuroprotection,":[151],"while":[152],"nutritional":[153],"vulnerability":[154],"may":[155],"constrain":[156],"therapeutic":[157],"applicability.":[158],"Dedicated":[159],"randomized":[160],"integrating":[162],"outcomes":[164],"pharmacological":[166],"exposure,":[167],"target":[168],"engagement,":[169],"mediation":[172],"are":[173],"required":[174],"distinguish":[176],"systemic":[177],"direct":[180],"neural":[181],"actions":[182],"determine":[184],"whether":[185],"these":[186],"therapies":[187],"can":[188],"prevent":[189],"cognitive":[190],"decline":[191],"modify":[193],"established":[194],"neurodegenerative":[195],"disease.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00"}
