{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214899324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38101/sisfotek.v16i2.17182","title":"ORB and AKAZE Feature Tracking in Mobile Markerless Augmented Reality: An Experimental Study at 10 Lux","display_name":"ORB and AKAZE Feature Tracking in Mobile Markerless Augmented Reality: An Experimental Study at 10 Lux","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214899324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38101/sisfotek.v16i2.17182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.38101/sisfotek.v16i2.17182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38101/sisfotek.v16i2.17182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38101/sisfotek.v16i2.17182","pdf_url":"https://journal.global.ac.id/index.php/sisfotek/article/download/17182/879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192621","display_name":"JURNAL SISFOTEK GLOBAL","issn_l":"2088-1762","issn":["2088-1762","2721-3161"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405274337","host_organization_name":"Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Bina Sarana Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405274337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JURNAL SISFOTEK GLOBAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.global.ac.id/index.php/sisfotek/article/download/17182/879","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017759063","display_name":"Syaipul Ramdhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1675-6326","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1675-6326"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405274337","display_name":"Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Bina Sarana Global","ror":"https://ror.org/01hs8a153","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405274337"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syaipul Ramdhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Bina Sarana Global"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Bina Sarana Global","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405274337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017759063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405274337"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"118","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.6654999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.6654999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.17409999668598175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.09780000150203705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markerless-augmented-reality","display_name":"markerless augmented reality","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-augmented-reality","display_name":"mobile augmented reality","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orb","display_name":"ORB","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/akaze","display_name":"AKAZE","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-tracking","display_name":"feature tracking","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-light-conditions","display_name":"low-light conditions","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-feature-detection","display_name":"visual feature detection","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keypoint-detection","display_name":"keypoint detection","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-matching","display_name":"feature matching","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reprojection-error","display_name":"reprojection error","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inlier-ratio","display_name":"inlier ratio","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processing-time","display_name":"processing time","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-camera","display_name":"smartphone camera","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7365000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7001000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108260229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47023","display_name":"Orb (optics)","level":3,"score":0.6868000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23903533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122739","display_name":"Reprojection error","level":3,"score":0.6287000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.44350001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.421099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983787585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93586","display_name":"Feature matching","level":3,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206041023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751970","display_name":"Wilcoxon signed-rank test","level":3,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65909025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945033","display_name":"Monocular","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58103923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2286025","display_name":"Silhouette","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.38101/sisfotek.v16i2.17182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38101/sisfotek.v16i2.17182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38101/sisfotek.v16i2.17182","pdf_url":"https://journal.global.ac.id/index.php/sisfotek/article/download/17182/879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192621","display_name":"JURNAL SISFOTEK GLOBAL","issn_l":"2088-1762","issn":["2088-1762","2721-3161"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405274337","host_organization_name":"Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Bina Sarana Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405274337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JURNAL SISFOTEK GLOBAL","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.38101/sisfotek.v16i2.17182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.38101/sisfotek.v16i2.17182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.38101/sisfotek.v16i2.17182","pdf_url":"https://journal.global.ac.id/index.php/sisfotek/article/download/17182/879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192621","display_name":"JURNAL SISFOTEK GLOBAL","issn_l":"2088-1762","issn":["2088-1762","2721-3161"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405274337","host_organization_name":"Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Bina Sarana Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405274337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JURNAL SISFOTEK GLOBAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214899324.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214899324.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019085623","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2150134853","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2164822588","https://openalex.org/W2168745915","https://openalex.org/W2170282673","https://openalex.org/W2913429812","https://openalex.org/W3005630416","https://openalex.org/W3043971245","https://openalex.org/W3132182081","https://openalex.org/W3140256651","https://openalex.org/W3153992782","https://openalex.org/W3198096567","https://openalex.org/W4241924137","https://openalex.org/W4252684946","https://openalex.org/W4285791433","https://openalex.org/W4292313599","https://openalex.org/W4312190677","https://openalex.org/W4313592536","https://openalex.org/W4381594430","https://openalex.org/W4382459910","https://openalex.org/W4388296994","https://openalex.org/W4391960447","https://openalex.org/W4396220913","https://openalex.org/W4400975294","https://openalex.org/W4404048014","https://openalex.org/W4410300389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2620705963","https://openalex.org/W3163750899","https://openalex.org/W4406083915","https://openalex.org/W7099808327","https://openalex.org/W2577905669","https://openalex.org/W2044191781","https://openalex.org/W2057827106","https://openalex.org/W2103396751","https://openalex.org/W7099364779","https://openalex.org/W2135221441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Markerless":[0],"Augmented":[1],"Reality":[2],"(AR)":[3],"relies":[4],"on":[5],"reliable":[6],"visual":[7],"feature":[8],"detection":[9],"and":[10,25,32,53,102,113,136,151,224],"matching":[11],"to":[12],"maintain":[13],"image":[14,23],"correspondence":[15],"between":[16],"consecutive":[17,81,173],"frames.":[18],"Under":[19],"low-illumination":[20],"conditions,":[21],"reduced":[22],"contrast":[24],"increased":[26],"noise":[27],"can":[28],"affect":[29],"the":[30,48,198,201,227],"availability":[31],"geometric":[33],"consistency":[34],"of":[35,51,70,200,222],"local":[36],"features,":[37],"which":[38],"may":[39],"influence":[40],"mobile":[41],"AR":[42,65],"tracking.":[43],"This":[44],"study":[45,216],"experimentally":[46],"evaluates":[47],"feature-tracking":[49],"characteristics":[50],"ORB":[52,105,223],"AKAZE":[54,122,225],"under":[55,226],"a":[56,62,218],"nominal":[57,229],"10-Lux":[58,230],"illumination":[59],"condition":[60],"using":[61],"mobile-camera":[63],"markerless":[64],"evaluation":[66],"scenario.":[67],"A":[68,193],"total":[69],"300":[71],"frames":[72],"from":[73,189],"one":[74],"video":[75],"sequence":[76],"were":[77,87,176,181],"processed,":[78],"generating":[79],"299":[80],"frame":[82,174],"pairs.":[83],"Five":[84],"complementary":[85],"metrics":[86,168],"evaluated:":[88],"keypoint":[89],"count,":[90],"Mean":[91],"Processing":[92],"Time":[93],"(MPT),":[94],"frame-to-frame":[95],"reprojection":[96,125],"RMSE,":[97],"Feature":[98],"Matching":[99],"Rate":[100],"(FMR),":[101],"Inlier":[103,146,213],"Ratio.":[104,214],"produced":[106,123],"substantially":[107],"more":[108],"keypoints":[109],"(335.79":[110],"\u00b1":[111,118,128,133,140,144],"31.39/frame)":[112],"lower":[114,124],"processing":[115],"time":[116],"(15.21":[117],"1.52":[119],"ms),":[120],"whereas":[121],"RMSE":[126],"(0.057":[127],"0.094":[129],"px":[130],"vs.":[131,142],"0.153":[132],"0.098":[134],"px)":[135],"higher":[137],"FMR":[138],"(95.53":[139],"11.27%":[141],"86.76":[143],"18.06%).":[145],"Ratio":[147],"was":[148,210],"very":[149],"high":[150],"nearly":[152],"identical":[153],"for":[154,165],"both":[155],"algorithms.":[156],"Frame-level":[157],"Wilcoxon":[158],"Signed-Rank":[159],"analysis":[160,196],"indicated":[161],"systematic":[162,207],"paired":[163],"differences":[164],"all":[166],"five":[167],"(p":[169],"<":[170],"0.001).":[171],"Because":[172],"pairs":[175],"temporally":[177],"related,":[178],"these":[179],"results":[180],"interpreted":[182],"as":[183],"within-sequence":[184],"evidence":[185,188],"rather":[186],"than":[187],"independent":[190],"experimental":[191],"replications.":[192],"temporal-block":[194],"sensitivity":[195],"preserved":[197],"direction":[199],"main":[202],"observed":[203,211],"differences,":[204],"while":[205],"no":[206],"block-level":[208],"difference":[209],"in":[212],"The":[215],"provides":[217],"controlled":[219],"multidimensional":[220],"characterization":[221],"tested":[228],"condition.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00"}
