{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214898767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.36747","title":"Fabrication framework for three-dimensional colloidal particles with decoupled geometry and material composition","display_name":"Fabrication framework for three-dimensional colloidal particles with decoupled geometry and material composition","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214898767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.36747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.36747","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.36747","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.36747","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.36747","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071835519","display_name":"Hamed Almohammadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-3575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-3575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Almohammadi, Hamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038346773","display_name":"Gurminder K. Paink","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paink, Gurminder K.","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012682983","display_name":"Vasumathi Venkat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkat, Vasumathi","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009752373","display_name":"Jacopo Movilli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-0654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-0654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Movilli, Jacopo","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padua , Padua , Padova , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padua , Padua , Padova , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115012740","display_name":"Atalaya Milan Wilborn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0618-4967","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0618-4967"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilborn, Atalaya Milan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020248442","display_name":"Haritosh Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2892-1974","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2892-1974"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patel, Haritosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153556966","display_name":"Haichao Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Haichao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038905661","display_name":"David A. Weitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-5208","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-5208","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6299-1194"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weitz, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Physics , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Physics , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035632514","display_name":"Joanna Aizenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2343-8705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2343-8705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aizenberg, Joanna","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-lithography","display_name":"soft lithography","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-crystal-elastomers","display_name":"liquid crystal elastomers","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogels","display_name":"hydrogels","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chiral-particles","display_name":"chiral particles","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-materials","display_name":"hierarchical materials","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pillar-arrays","display_name":"pillar arrays","score":0.6169999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.6740999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6550999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.6355000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125574357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1100469","display_name":"Colloidal crystal","level":3,"score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5759000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38052585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252266","display_name":"Elastomer","level":2,"score":0.541100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59789625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181780","display_name":"Colloid","level":2,"score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13274807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203989","display_name":"Liquid crystal","level":2,"score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48620588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144","display_name":"Soft matter","level":3,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20198109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066633","display_name":"Optical tweezers","level":2,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162117346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1106386","display_name":"Nanolithography","level":4,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179003449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757458","display_name":"Particle system","level":2,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197445215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Colloidal particle","level":3,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17590603","display_name":"Material Design","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31555180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3523867","display_name":"Material properties","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187530423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Particle size","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82558694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545619","display_name":"Aspect ratio (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158843486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2137810","display_name":"Complex geometry","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32568104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155083","display_name":"Granular material","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982836594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144","display_name":"Soft materials","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72422203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7392545","display_name":"SPHERES","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26856880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910150","display_name":"Self-assembly","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88484716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474679","display_name":"Smart material","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.36747","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.36747","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.36747","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.36747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.36747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.36747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.36747","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.36747","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.36747","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1261772666","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR\u20102011754","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","funder_display_name":"Division of Materials Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2027002873","display_name":"NNCI: Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS)","funder_award_id":"2025158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2345624000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20-11754","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333422","funder_display_name":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2347808973","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-2025158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","funder_display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2692471796","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR2011754","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333422","funder_display_name":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3274770636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011754","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","funder_display_name":"Division of Materials Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4671203234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025158","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","funder_display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6110219478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DMR-2011754","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309622","funder_display_name":"Harvard University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8606923822","display_name":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center","funder_award_id":"2011754","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309622","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333422","display_name":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/01qa5ep47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333979","display_name":"Hansj\u00f6rg Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/008cfmj78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","display_name":"Division of Materials Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01pc7k308"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214898767.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214898767.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7138954777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111648109","https://openalex.org/W4319941684","https://openalex.org/W2320559207","https://openalex.org/W1964668789","https://openalex.org/W2581691349","https://openalex.org/W3210358630","https://openalex.org/W2063849238","https://openalex.org/W2002455536","https://openalex.org/W3124922125","https://openalex.org/W2319608985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Shape-programmable":[0],"particles":[1,28,60,77,122,139,153,172,190],"offer":[2],"significant":[3],"opportunities":[4],"for":[5,13,93,187],"microrobotic":[6],"systems":[7],"at":[8,33,112],"the":[9,89,165,171,178],"individual":[10],"level":[11],"and":[12,71,128,142,147,173,200],"hierarchical":[14],"materials":[15,199],"with":[16,29,61,78,108,140,191,202],"emergent":[17,192],"functionalities":[18],"arising":[19,159],"from":[20,52,123,160],"collective":[21,155,193],"particle":[22,50,96],"behavior.":[23],"However,":[24],"fabricating":[25],"shape-changing":[26,133],"stimuli-responsive":[27],"complex":[30,62,95],"three-dimensional":[31,58,110],"geometries":[32],"colloidal":[34,59,113,189],"length":[35,114],"scales":[36],"remains":[37],"a":[38,44,84,184,196],"major":[39],"challenge.":[40],"Here,":[41],"we":[42,120],"introduce":[43],"general":[45],"fabrication":[46],"framework":[47,86,102],"that":[48,87],"decouples":[49],"geometry":[51],"material":[53,118],"composition":[54],"to":[55,75,103],"produce":[56],"free-standing":[57],"architectures.":[63],"Our":[64],"approach":[65],"combines":[66],"soft":[67],"lithography,":[68],"swelling-assisted":[69],"extraction,":[70],"sacrificial":[72],"adhesive":[73],"transfer":[74],"fabricate":[76,104,121],"high":[79],"geometric":[80,175],"fidelity.":[81],"We":[82,98,130],"establish":[83],"predictive":[85],"defines":[88],"accessible":[90],"design":[91],"space":[92],"increasingly":[94],"geometries.":[97],"further":[99],"extend":[100],"our":[101],"high-aspect-ratio":[105],"pillar":[106],"arrays":[107],"intricate":[109],"architectures":[111],"scales.":[115],"To":[116],"demonstrate":[117],"versatility,":[119],"both":[124],"liquid":[125,136,167],"crystal":[126,137,168],"elastomers":[127],"hydrogels.":[129],"show":[131],"reversible":[132],"behavior":[134,158],"of":[135,177],"elastomer":[138],"cylindrical":[141],"chiral":[143],"shapes":[144],"under":[145],"thermal":[146],"optical":[148,156],"stimuli.":[149],"In":[150],"suspension,":[151],"these":[152],"display":[154],"dynamic":[157],"coupling":[161],"between":[162],"changes":[163],"in":[164],"programmed":[166],"organization":[169],"within":[170],"stimulus-induced":[174],"reconfiguration":[176],"particles.":[179],"Collectively,":[180],"this":[181],"work":[182],"establishes":[183],"versatile":[185],"platform":[186],"geometry-programmable":[188],"functionalities,":[194],"providing":[195],"route":[197],"toward":[198],"fluids":[201],"dynamically":[203],"programmable":[204],"properties.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00"}