{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214896344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11578/dc.20260928.2","title":"DEGAS 2","display_name":"DEGAS 2","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214896344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11578/dc.20260928.2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.11578/dc.20260928.2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11578/dc.20260928.2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11578/dc.20260928.2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"},"volume":null,"type":"software","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.11578/dc.20260928.2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043263974","display_name":"Daren P. Stotler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-8718","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-8718"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799567181","display_name":"Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03vn1ts68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I20089843","https://openalex.org/I2799567181","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stotler, Daren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-8718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799567181"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001885736","display_name":"Charles F. F. Karney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5006-5836","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5006-5836"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karney, Charles","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5006-5836","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10781","display_name":"Low-Pressure Plasma Processing and Diagnostics","score":0.0272000003606081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10592","display_name":"Fusion materials and technologies","score":0.025200000032782555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boltzmann-equation","display_name":"Boltzmann equation","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-simulation","display_name":"Monte Carlo simulation","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tokamak-divertor","display_name":"tokamak divertor","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-puff-imaging","display_name":"gas puff imaging","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-turbulence","display_name":"plasma turbulence","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-evaporation","display_name":"lithium evaporation","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nstx","display_name":"NSTX","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uedge","display_name":"UEDGE","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-diagnostics","display_name":"synthetic diagnostics","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wall-interaction","display_name":"wall interaction","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics","display_name":"atomic physics","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-memory-allocation","display_name":"dynamic memory allocation","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcator-c-mod","display_name":"Alcator C-Mod","score":0.7940000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116515362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188589","display_name":"Tokamak","level":3,"score":0.7782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777017188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230603","display_name":"Divertor","level":4,"score":0.72079998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.4343000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58364064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102296","display_name":"Deuterium","level":2,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775907726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714439","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","level":2,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778241615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83303","display_name":"Fortran","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24671956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641442","display_name":"Fusion power","level":3,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43503373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7201771","display_name":"Plasma diagnostics","level":3,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991909631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560","display_name":"Helium gas","level":3,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546029482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560","display_name":"Helium","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779261148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5852","display_name":"Blanket","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.11578/dc.20260928.2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11578/dc.20260928.2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11578/dc.20260928.2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.11578/dc.20260928.2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11578/dc.20260928.2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11578/dc.20260928.2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019963484","https://openalex.org/W7095928972","https://openalex.org/W2286252844","https://openalex.org/W4235577085","https://openalex.org/W7096803360","https://openalex.org/W2493307944","https://openalex.org/W4404261855","https://openalex.org/W1986485749","https://openalex.org/W1671534850","https://openalex.org/W3014302839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"DEGAS":[0,6,29,104,177,196,237,246,276,336],"2":[1,30,105,178,197,238,247,337],"[1],":[2],"like":[3],"its":[4,89,114],"predecessor,":[5],"[2],":[7],"uses":[8],"the":[9,15,19,40,58,69,93,125,136,151,181,186,259,264,394],"Monte":[10],"Carlo":[11],"approach":[12],"to":[13,79,201,223,227,233,241,251],"integrating":[14],"Boltzmann":[16],"equation,":[17],"allowing":[18],"treatment":[20],"of":[21,37,62,96,176,183,263,393,397],"complex":[22],"geometries,":[23],"atomic":[24],"physics,":[25,87],"and":[26,48,57,60,74,101,164,194,210,254,261],"wall":[27],"interactions.":[28],"is":[31,71,111,148,179],"written":[32,61],"in":[33,91,98,113,135,150,180,258],"a":[34,67,229,275],"\"macro-enhanced''":[35],"version":[36],"FORTRAN":[38],"via":[39],"FWEB":[41],"library,":[42],"providing":[43],"an":[44],"object":[45],"oriented":[46],"capability":[47],"simplifying":[49],"tedious":[50],"tasks,":[51],"such":[52],"as":[53,110],"dynamic":[54],"memory":[55],"allocation":[56],"reading":[59],"self-describing":[63],"binary":[64],"files.":[65],"As":[66],"result,":[68],"code":[70],"extremely":[72],"flexible":[73],"can":[75],"be":[76,234],"readily":[77],"adapted":[78],"problems":[80],"seemingly":[81],"far":[82],"removed":[83],"from":[84,146,185],"tokamak":[85,137],"divertor":[86],"e.g.,":[88],"use":[90],"simulating":[92],"diffusive":[94],"evaporation":[95],"lithium":[97],"NSTX":[99,147,192],"[3]":[100,311],"LTX":[102],"[4].":[103],"has":[106,120,166,198,248,255],"been":[107,121,167,199,249,256],"extensively":[108],"verified,":[109],"documented":[112],"User's":[115],"Manual":[116],"[5].":[117],"Experimental":[118],"validation":[119,140],"largely":[122],"centered":[123],"on":[124,170,191],"Gas":[126],"Puff":[127],"Imaging":[128],"(GPI)":[129],"technique":[130],"for":[131,280],"visualizing":[132],"plasma":[133,224],"turbulence":[134],"edge.":[138],"The":[139],"against":[141],"deuterium":[142,163],"gas":[143],"puff":[144],"data":[145,184],"described":[149],"paper":[152],"by":[153],"B.":[154,341],"Cao":[155,342],"et":[156,303,315,327,343,355,365,375,386,404,416,428,439,450],"al.":[157],"[6]":[158,340],"Analogous":[159],"work":[160],"with":[161],"both":[162],"helium":[165],"carried":[168],"out":[169],"Alcator":[171],"C-Mod.":[172],"A":[173],"related":[174],"application":[175],"interpretation":[182],"Edge":[187],"Neutral":[188,217],"Density":[189],"Diagnostic":[190],"[7]":[193,351],"NSTX-U.":[195],"applied":[200],"many":[202],"other":[203],"devices,":[204],"including":[205],"JT-60U":[206],"[8],":[207],"ADITYA":[208],"[9],":[209],"FRC":[211],"experiments":[212],"at":[213,389],"Tri-Alpha":[214],"Energy":[215,443],"[10].":[216],"transport":[218,268],"codes":[219,226],"are":[220,274],"frequently":[221],"coupled":[222,240,250],"simulation":[225],"allow":[228],"self-consistent":[230],"plasma-neutral":[231],"solution":[232],"computed.":[235],"Initially,":[236],"was":[239],"UEDGE":[242],"[11].":[243],"More":[244],"recently,":[245],"XGC":[252,281],"[12],":[253],"used":[257],"development":[260],"testing":[262],"simplified":[265],"built-in":[266],"neutral":[267],"module":[269],"therein":[270],"[13].":[271],"Related":[272],"projects":[273],"2-based":[277],"synthetic":[278],"diagnostics":[279],"[14][15].":[282],"[1]":[283],"D.":[284,299,301,312,352,401,413,425,436],"P.":[285,313,353,402,414,426,437],"Stotler":[286,314,354,403,415,427,438],"&":[287],"C.":[288,325],"F.":[289,290],"Karney,":[291],"Contrib.":[292,406],"Plasma":[293,398,407],"Phys.":[294,307,357,408],"34,":[295],"392":[296],"(1994)":[297],"[2]":[298],"Heifetz,":[300],"Post":[302],"al.,":[304,316,328,344,356,366,376,387,405,417,429,440,451],"J.":[305,317,324,329],"Comp.":[306],"46,":[308],"309":[309],"(1982)":[310],"Nucl.":[318,330,367,377,430,441],"Mater.":[319,331,442],"415,":[320],"S1058":[321],"(2011)":[322],"[4]":[323],"Schmitt":[326],"438,":[332],"S1096":[333],"(2013)":[334,350,423],"[5]":[335],"Home":[338],"Page":[339],"Fusion":[345,368,378,431,453],"Sci.":[346,419],"Tech.":[347],"64,":[348,454],"29":[349],"Plasmas":[358],"22,":[359],"082506":[360],"(2015)":[361],"[8]":[362],"H.":[363],"Takenaga":[364],"41,":[369],"1777":[370],"(2001)":[371],"[9]":[372],"R.":[373],"Dey":[374],"57,":[379,432],"086003":[380],"(2017)":[381,434],"[10]":[382],"E.":[383],"M.":[384],"Granstedt":[385],"Presented":[388],"60th":[390],"Annual":[391],"Meeting":[392],"APS":[395],"Division":[396],"Physics":[399],"[11]":[400],"40,":[409],"221":[410],"(2000)":[411],"[12]":[412],"Comput.":[418],"Disc.":[420],"6,":[421],"015006":[422],"[13]":[424],"086028":[433,455],"[14]":[435],"19,":[444],"113":[445],"(2019)":[446],"[15]":[447],"G.":[448],"Wilkie,":[449],"Nuclear":[452],"(2024)":[456]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00"}