{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214801357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r","title":"Diffusion MRI Metrics as Markers of Neuroinflammation in Mental Illness","display_name":"Diffusion MRI Metrics as Markers of Neuroinflammation in Mental Illness","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214801357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046629784","display_name":"Lena Oestreich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-7794","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-7794"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lena K L Oestreich","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-7794","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046629784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11304","display_name":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11304","display_name":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-disorders","display_name":"mental illness","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion-mri","display_name":"diffusion MRI","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-water-imaging","display_name":"free-water imaging","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion-kurtosis-imaging","display_name":"diffusion kurtosis imaging","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion-tensor-imaging","display_name":"diffusion tensor imaging","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noddi","display_name":"NODDI","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion-basis-spectrum-imaging","display_name":"diffusion basis spectrum imaging","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compartmental-model","display_name":"compartmental model","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-activation","display_name":"glial activation","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edema","display_name":"edema","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demyelination","display_name":"demyelination","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axonal-injury","display_name":"axonal injury","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-microstructure","display_name":"brain microstructure","score":0.8149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149550507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899360","display_name":"Diffusion MRI","level":3,"score":0.8388000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7003999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87753298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157137","display_name":"Neuroinflammation","level":3,"score":0.607699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45715564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292103","display_name":"Connectome","level":3,"score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992283565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899360","display_name":"Diffusion imaging","level":4,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779097318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2993446","display_name":"Connectomics","level":4,"score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166963901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287251","display_name":"Kurtosis","level":2,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50231774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639842","display_name":"Brain mapping","level":2,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89916169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014600","display_name":"Fractional anisotropy","level":4,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203635412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007432","display_name":"Compartment (ship)","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777670902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492038","display_name":"Human brain","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776674806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12135","display_name":"Mental illness","level":3,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986936838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492038","display_name":"Brain tissue","level":2,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779632907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13444883","display_name":"Brain Structure and Function","level":3,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781192897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q822050","display_name":"White matter","level":3,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113246987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1534415","display_name":"Neurite","level":3,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777542381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502961","display_name":"Astrocyte","level":3,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018011982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316120","display_name":"Functional connectivity","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:0dc3a9d7-b204-4d78-81df-eaa3db2eeba6","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/e8y2r","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e8y2r","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384945335","https://openalex.org/W4410351946","https://openalex.org/W3194167262","https://openalex.org/W4365799222","https://openalex.org/W4415138142","https://openalex.org/W4205695967","https://openalex.org/W7113427352","https://openalex.org/W7016011993","https://openalex.org/W1945319319","https://openalex.org/W6983546188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neuroinflammatory":[0],"mechanisms":[1],"are":[2,208],"increasingly":[3],"implicated":[4],"in":[5,11,137,190,246],"mental":[6,247],"illness,":[7],"but":[8,207],"their":[9,123],"characterization":[10],"the":[12,48,75,156,244],"living":[13],"human":[14],"brain":[15,36,245],"remains":[16,186],"challenging.":[17],"Diffusion":[18],"magnetic":[19],"resonance":[20],"imaging":[21],"(dMRI)":[22],"is":[23],"sensitive":[24],"to":[25,77,211],"tissue":[26],"microstructure":[27],"and":[28,50,57,62,81,97,110,117,121,126,150,168,183,195,222,224],"offers":[29],"a":[30,141,235],"scalable":[31,236],"approach":[32],"for":[33],"studying":[34],"immune-related":[35,135,204,240],"changes,":[37],"yet":[38],"it":[39],"does":[40],"not":[41,209],"measure":[42],"inflammation":[43],"directly.":[44],"Inflammatory":[45],"processes":[46],"alter":[47],"cellular":[49,196],"extracellular":[51],"geometry":[52],"that":[53,199],"constrains":[54],"water":[55],"diffusion,":[56],"glial":[58],"activation,":[59],"edema,":[60],"demyelination,":[61],"axonal":[63],"injury":[64],"may":[65],"produce":[66],"overlapping":[67],"or":[68],"opposing":[69],"diffusion":[70,95,113,200],"signatures.":[71],"This":[72],"review":[73,129],"evaluates":[74],"extent":[76],"which":[78],"commonly":[79],"used":[80],"emerging":[82],"dMRI":[83,133,232],"metrics":[84],"can":[85,202],"support":[86],"an":[87],"inflammatory":[88,161],"interpretation.":[89],"It":[90],"distinguishes":[91],"signal":[92],"representations,":[93],"including":[94],"tensor":[96],"kurtosis":[98],"imaging,":[99,106,112,116,182],"from":[100,178],"biophysical":[101],"models":[102],"such":[103],"as":[104],"free-water":[105],"neurite":[107],"orientation":[108],"dispersion":[109],"density":[111],"basis":[114],"spectrum":[115],"newer":[118],"compartment":[119,179],"models,":[120,180],"examines":[122],"mechanistic":[124],"sensitivity":[125],"limitations.":[127],"A":[128],"of":[130,227,238],"studies":[131,171,185,189],"combining":[132],"with":[134,160],"measures":[136,154],"psychiatric":[138],"populations":[139],"identified":[140],"heterogeneous":[142],"literature":[143],"dominated":[144],"by":[145],"small":[146,174],"samples,":[147],"peripheral":[148],"biomarkers,":[149],"within-group":[151],"associations.":[152],"Free-water":[153],"showed":[155],"most":[157],"consistent":[158],"associations":[159],"markers,":[162],"whereas":[163],"tensor-derived":[164],"findings":[165],"were":[166],"variable":[167],"large":[169],"population":[170],"indicated":[172],"very":[173],"effect":[175],"sizes.":[176],"Evidence":[177],"molecular":[181],"intervention":[184],"sparse.":[187],"Validation":[188],"experimental,":[191],"histological,":[192],"ex":[193],"vivo,":[194],"systems":[197],"demonstrate":[198],"signals":[201],"reflect":[203],"microstructural":[205,241],"change":[206,242],"specific":[210],"inflammation.":[212],"Future":[213],"work":[214],"should":[215],"prioritize":[216],"multimodal":[217],"validation,":[218],"mechanistically":[219],"informed":[220],"acquisition":[221],"modeling,":[223],"explicit":[225],"testing":[226],"competing":[228],"explanations.":[229],"Once":[230],"validated,":[231],"could":[233],"provide":[234],"means":[237],"mapping":[239],"across":[243],"illness.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}