{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214788931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.34046","title":"StructSim: Measuring Idea Similarity at Scale Through Structural Representation","display_name":"StructSim: Measuring Idea Similarity at Scale Through Structural Representation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214788931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.34046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.34046","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34046","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.34046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.34046","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153437532","display_name":"Yaqing yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Yaqing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA,","Carnegie Mellon University , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018864415","display_name":"Vikram Mohanty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-3134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-3134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohanty, Vikram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA,","Carnegie Mellon University , USA MEI-XI CHIA ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University , USA MEI-XI CHIA ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153486082","display_name":"Mei-Xi Chia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia, Mei-Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075763217","display_name":"Nikolas Martelaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-0243","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-0243"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martelaro, Nikolas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009660759","display_name":"Dafna Shahaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3261-0818","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3261-0818"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahaf, Dafna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mei-Xi Chia , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA,","The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , NO , Israel,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mei-Xi Chia , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , NO , Israel,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050656871","display_name":"Aniket Kittur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-9302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-9302"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kittur, Aniket","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.6323000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.6323000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.2838999927043915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11079","display_name":"Creativity in Education and Neuroscience","score":0.011900000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-representation","display_name":"structural representation","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-of-ideas","display_name":"idea diversity","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creativity-assessment","display_name":"creativity assessment","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idea-generation","display_name":"idea generation","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-graphs","display_name":"conceptual graphs","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-embeddings","display_name":"text embeddings","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.7196999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.6653000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6455000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6225000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6146000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.5800999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5309000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143271835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254515","display_name":"Similitude","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.34046","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34046","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.34046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.34046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.34046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.34046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.34046","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34046","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.34046","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214788931.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214788931.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006915611","https://openalex.org/W2037646394","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W3015962271","https://openalex.org/W4303443407","https://openalex.org/W4387561082","https://openalex.org/W4396777837","https://openalex.org/W4399694266","https://openalex.org/W4402385990","https://openalex.org/W4402671800","https://openalex.org/W4402952666","https://openalex.org/W4403780163","https://openalex.org/W4404312776","https://openalex.org/W4405064901","https://openalex.org/W4407013010","https://openalex.org/W4413735485","https://openalex.org/W4416034681","https://openalex.org/W4417191705","https://openalex.org/W7137998750","https://openalex.org/W7140166052"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6929273470","https://openalex.org/W2898621847","https://openalex.org/W7203561485","https://openalex.org/W7214008661","https://openalex.org/W7129722961","https://openalex.org/W7096500933","https://openalex.org/W7124280168","https://openalex.org/W7135041499","https://openalex.org/W2898964810","https://openalex.org/W6966977675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Measuring":[0],"idea":[1,12,22,87,95,134,141],"similarity":[2,80,121,142],"is":[3],"fundamental":[4],"to":[5,30],"creativity":[6],"evaluation,":[7],"especially":[8],"as":[9],"LLMs":[10],"enable":[11],"generation":[13],"at":[14],"increasing":[15],"scale.":[16],"However,":[17],"text":[18],"embeddings":[19],"collapse":[20],"an":[21],"into":[23,57],"a":[24,50,68],"single":[25],"vector,":[26],"making":[27],"it":[28],"difficult":[29],"capture":[31],"structural":[32,52,120],"similarity,":[33],"including":[34],"partial":[35],"overlap":[36],"across":[37,44],"core":[38,106],"and":[39,42,60,63,81,97,109,128,143],"supporting":[40,110,137],"components":[41,62,66],"differences":[43,104],"levels":[45],"of":[46,78,119,133,140],"abstraction.":[47],"We":[48,89],"introduce":[49],"shared":[51],"representation":[53],"that":[54],"decomposes":[55],"ideas":[56],"purpose,":[58],"mechanism,":[59],"implementation":[61],"organizes":[64],"related":[65],"in":[67,105],"multi-layer":[69],"concept":[70],"graph.":[71],"From":[72],"this":[73],"representation,":[74],"we":[75],"define":[76],"measures":[77],"pairwise":[79],"set-level":[82],"mechanism":[83],"coverage":[84],"for":[85],"assessing":[86],"diversity.":[88,144],"evaluate":[90],"our":[91],"approach":[92],"using":[93],"controlled":[94],"triples":[96],"assessments":[98,132],"from":[99],"12":[100],"experts,":[101],"focusing":[102],"on":[103],"mechanisms,":[107],"implementations,":[108],"components.":[111],"Our":[112],"method":[113],"improves":[114],"alignment":[115],"with":[116],"expert":[117,131],"judgments":[118],"by":[122],"31%":[123],"over":[124],"the":[125],"embedding":[126],"baseline":[127],"better":[129],"reflects":[130],"set":[135],"coverage,":[136],"scalable":[138],"evaluation":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}
