{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214770520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bcp.70916","title":"Adapting the WHO Global Competency Framework for Regulators of Medicines: Implementation lessons from the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority","display_name":"Adapting the WHO Global Competency Framework for Regulators of Medicines: Implementation lessons from the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214770520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bcp.70916","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43000172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/bcp.70916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bcp.70916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bcp.70916","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bcp.70916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13842274","display_name":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","issn_l":"0306-5251","issn":["0306-5251","1365-2125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bcp.70916","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065075350","display_name":"Goonaseelan Colin Pillai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-3837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-3837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Goonaseelan Pillai","raw_affiliation_strings":["CP+ Associates GmbH  Basel Switzerland","Division of Clinical Pharmacology University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa","Pharmacometrics Africa NPC  Cape Town South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-3837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CP+ Associates GmbH  Basel Switzerland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacometrics Africa NPC  Cape Town South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004238311","display_name":"Boitumelo Semete\u2010Makokotlela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0491-4374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0491-4374"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boitumelo Semete\u2010Makokotlela","raw_affiliation_strings":["South African Health Products Regulatory Authority  Pretoria South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African Health Products Regulatory Authority  Pretoria South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085125894","display_name":"Innocent Gerald Asiimwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-1822","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-1822"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Innocent G. Asiimwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacometrics Africa NPC  Cape Town South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacometrics Africa NPC  Cape Town South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059288302","display_name":"Suraiya Suliman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suraiya Suliman","raw_affiliation_strings":["South African Health Products Regulatory Authority  Pretoria South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African Health Products Regulatory Authority  Pretoria South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051947593","display_name":"Shyamli Munbodh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shyamli Munbodh","raw_affiliation_strings":["South African Health Products Regulatory Authority  Pretoria South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South African Health Products Regulatory Authority  Pretoria South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036034978","display_name":"David Mukanga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-7466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-7466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303444417","display_name":"Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303444417"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Mukanga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gates Foundation  Nairobi Kenya","Gates Foundation  Seattle Washington USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gates Foundation  Nairobi Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303444417"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gates Foundation  Seattle Washington USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303444417"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Douglas McNair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-883X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-883X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303444417","display_name":"Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303444417"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas McNair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gates Foundation  Nairobi Kenya","Gates Foundation  Seattle Washington USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-883X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gates Foundation  Nairobi Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303444417"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gates Foundation  Seattle Washington USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303444417"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002849463","display_name":"Sakhile Dube-Mwedzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2999-7513","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2999-7513"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sakhile Dube\u2010Mwedzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zazibona  Harare Zimbabwe"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zazibona  Harare Zimbabwe","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153434970","display_name":"B Rosenkranz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7877124","display_name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/001w7jn25","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}],"countries":["DE","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Rosenkranz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University  Cape Town South Africa","Fundisa African Academy of Medicines Development  Cape Town South Africa","Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University  Cape Town South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundisa African Academy of Medicines Development  Cape Town South Africa","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7877124"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027756458","display_name":"Luther Gwaza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-1095","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-1095"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luther Gwaza","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065075350"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"],"apc_list":{"value":4780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4780},"apc_paid":{"value":4780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4780},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12802","display_name":"Competency Development and Evaluation","score":0.9473000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12802","display_name":"Competency Development and Evaluation","score":0.9473000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14396","display_name":"Healthcare Regulation","score":0.043299999088048935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-capacity-building","display_name":"regulatory capacity building","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-decision-making","display_name":"regulatory decision-making","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-samples","display_name":"work samples","score":0.421999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.6068000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.4846000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.4413999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779968149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034851","display_name":"Workforce development","level":3,"score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778917124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309705","display_name":"Regulatory science","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779110517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1240788","display_name":"Supervisor","level":2,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164065428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201929","display_name":"Core competency","level":2,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779622097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417724","display_name":"Capacity building","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61521584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705899","display_name":"Accreditation","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777902257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038919","display_name":"Career Pathways","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/bcp.70916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bcp.70916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bcp.70916","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bcp.70916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13842274","display_name":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","issn_l":"0306-5251","issn":["0306-5251","1365-2125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.22541/authorea.15009656/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/authorea.15009656/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/authorea.15009656/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.22541/authorea.15009656/v1","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:43000172","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/43000172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British journal of clinical pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/bcp.70916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bcp.70916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bcp.70916","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/bcp.70916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13842274","display_name":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","issn_l":"0306-5251","issn":["0306-5251","1365-2125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214770520.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214770520.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104366531","https://openalex.org/W2160040716","https://openalex.org/W2314837297","https://openalex.org/W2397288399","https://openalex.org/W2923582634","https://openalex.org/W3188567152","https://openalex.org/W4377107816","https://openalex.org/W4394723088","https://openalex.org/W4403301191","https://openalex.org/W4411074894","https://openalex.org/W7169765825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411074894","https://openalex.org/W4394723088","https://openalex.org/W6889127897","https://openalex.org/W7065141988","https://openalex.org/W3113276416","https://openalex.org/W7018580645","https://openalex.org/W2564256126","https://openalex.org/W7169765825","https://openalex.org/W2042534455","https://openalex.org/W2738321087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AIMS:":[0],"Medicines":[1,27],"regulatory":[2,13,34,63,74,221],"authorities":[3],"require":[4],"skilled":[5],"staff":[6,229],"to":[7,40,94,105,134,165,198],"ensure":[8],"timely,":[9],"consistent":[10],"and":[11,57,78,84,90,92,125,129,137,143,179,195,230,246],"high-quality":[12],"decision":[14],"making.":[15],"The":[16,98,112,157,173,208],"World":[17],"Health":[18,48],"Organization":[19],"Global":[20],"Competency":[21,238],"Framework":[22],"(WHO-GCF)":[23],"for":[24,32,60,88,121,236],"Regulators":[25],"of":[26,54,227,232],"provides":[28],"a":[29,117,219],"common":[30],"reference":[31],"defining":[33],"workforce":[35],"competencies":[36,85],"while":[37,151,217],"allowing":[38],"adaptation":[39],"local":[41],"needs.":[42],"We":[43],"describe":[44],"the":[45,55,68,141,161,196],"South":[46],"African":[47],"Products":[49],"Regulatory":[50],"Authority's":[51],"(SAHPRA)":[52],"implementation":[53],"WHO-GCF":[56,69,100,162,209],"lessons":[58],"learnt":[59],"other":[61],"national":[62],"authorities.":[64],"METHODS:":[65],"SAHPRA":[66,96,153,166],"adapted":[67,93,158],"through":[70],"consultations":[71],"with":[72,167,201],"internal":[73],"assessors,":[75],"their":[76],"supervisors":[77],"external":[79],"experts.":[80],"Activities,":[81],"skills,":[82],"responsibilities":[83],"were":[86,103,132,186],"reviewed":[87],"relevance":[89],"usability":[91],"reflect":[95],"functions.":[97],"three":[99],"proficiency":[101],"levels":[102],"expanded":[104],"four,":[106],"informing":[107],"revised":[108],"assessor":[109],"job":[110],"profiles.":[111],"framework":[113,159,216],"was":[114,177],"implemented":[115],"in":[116],"secure":[118],"digital":[119],"platform":[120],"self-assessment,":[122],"supervisor":[123],"validation":[124],"development":[126,138],"planning.":[127],"Graphical":[128],"summary":[130],"reports":[131],"used":[133],"develop":[135],"training":[136],"plans":[139],"at":[140],"team":[142],"individual":[144],"levels.":[145],"Hypothetical":[146],"scenarios":[147],"illustrate":[148],"potential":[149],"applications":[150],"protecting":[152],"data":[154],"confidentiality.":[155],"RESULTS:":[156],"retained":[160],"domains":[163],"relevant":[164],"approximately":[168],"20%":[169],"fewer":[170],"competency":[171,222],"statements.":[172],"laboratory":[174],"analyst":[175],"role":[176,193],"omitted,":[178],"SAHPRA-specific":[180],"emphases":[181],"such":[182,203],"as":[183,204,213],"biosimilar":[184],"evaluation":[185],"added.":[187],"Implementation":[188],"challenges":[189],"included":[190],"assessment":[191],"length,":[192],"specificity":[194],"need":[197],"supplement":[199],"ratings":[200],"evidence":[202,231],"work":[205],"samples.":[206],"CONCLUSIONS:":[207],"can":[210,240],"be":[211],"operationalized":[212],"an":[214],"institution-specific":[215],"retaining":[218],"shared":[220],"language.":[223],"Local":[224],"adaptation,":[225],"involvement":[226],"frontline":[228],"competence":[233],"are":[234],"important":[235],"implementation.":[237],"frameworks":[239],"support":[241],"targeted":[242],"capacity":[243],"building,":[244],"reliance":[245],"work-sharing.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}