{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214760774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.23.26363796","title":"Coming Into Resistance: Clinically Important Antibiotic Resistance Genes in NICU vs. Healthy Infants","display_name":"Coming Into Resistance: Clinically Important Antibiotic Resistance Genes in NICU vs. Healthy Infants","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214760774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.23.26363796","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42856639","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13648756"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.23.26363796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.23.26363796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.23.26363796","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/29/2026.09.23.26363796.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/29/2026.09.23.26363796.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045564404","display_name":"Rachel E. Strength","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-1228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-1228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rachel E. Strength","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037874457","display_name":"Angelina G. Angelova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-0072","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-0072"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelina Angelova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029434129","display_name":"Emily Robbins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Robbins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052714108","display_name":"Shira Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8240-925X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8240-925X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shira Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005573809","display_name":"Kathryn E. McCauley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-0599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-0599"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn E. McCauley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082754294","display_name":"Kevin M Lloyd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8980-3963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8980-3963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336742384","display_name":"Children's National","ror":"https://ror.org/03wa2q724","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin M. Lloyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA","Division of Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041725535","display_name":"Elisa B. Margolis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-0564","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-0564"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisa B. Margolis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Program in Molecular Medicine; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Program in Molecular Medicine; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082468800","display_name":"Andrew S. Burns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4818-2029","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4818-2029"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew S. Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIAID Microbiome Program, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIAID Microbiome Program, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026020213","display_name":"Shreni Mistry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shreni Mistry","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIAID Microbiome Program, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIAID Microbiome Program, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073066638","display_name":"Poorani Subramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-7290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-7290"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Poorani Subramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088221529","display_name":"Aimee M. Dassner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4874-8303","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4874-8303"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aimee Dassner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Decera Clinical Education, Reston, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Decera Clinical Education, Reston, VA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082458518","display_name":"Christa S. Zerbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4219-0503","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4219-0503"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christa Zerbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076388282","display_name":"Victor I. Band","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9288-0188","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9288-0188"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor I. Band","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013067271","display_name":"Sivaranjani Namasivayam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9993-1347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9993-1347"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sivaranjani Namasivayam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153426379","display_name":"Qing Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116074986","display_name":"Esther Esadah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4826-9473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4826-9473"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336742384","display_name":"Children's National","ror":"https://ror.org/03wa2q724","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esther Esadah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153498263","display_name":"Katherine Rees","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Rees","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074507486","display_name":"Mickayla Bacorn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2110-7985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2110-7985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mickayla Bacorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104301460","display_name":"Ruhika Prasad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruhika Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092042918","display_name":"Phoebe LaPoint","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9471-3104","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9471-3104"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phoebe LaPoint","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078231400","display_name":"Hector N. Romero-Soto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-0930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-0930"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hector N. Romero-Soto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035873582","display_name":"John P. Dekker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3701-5228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3701-5228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. Dekker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bacterial Pathogenesis and Antimicrobial Resistance Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bacterial Pathogenesis and Antimicrobial Resistance Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003313258","display_name":"Cynthia L. Sears","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4059-1661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4059-1661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia L. Sears","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082239765","display_name":"Craig A. Shapiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-0570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-0570"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336742384","display_name":"Children's National","ror":"https://ror.org/03wa2q724","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA","Division of Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029829854","display_name":"Rana F. Hamdy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-3020","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-3020"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336742384","display_name":"Children's National","ror":"https://ror.org/03wa2q724","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rana F. Hamdy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA","Division of Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029674721","display_name":"Joseph M. Campos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336742384","display_name":"Children's National","ror":"https://ror.org/03wa2q724","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph M. Campos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA","Department of Pathology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA","Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA","Division of Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069163271","display_name":"Suchitra K. Hourigan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2656-5694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2656-5694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suchitra K. Hourigan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Microbiome Unit, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045564404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.864300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.864300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.07320000231266022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.04430000111460686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-intensive-care-unit","display_name":"neonatal intensive care unit","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-gut-microbiota","display_name":"neonatal gut microbiota","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-exposure","display_name":"antibiotic exposure","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meca","display_name":"mecA gene","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aminoglycoside-resistance","display_name":"aminoglycoside resistance","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrolide-resistance","display_name":"macrolide resistance","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoroquinolone-resistance","display_name":"fluoroquinolone resistance","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistome","display_name":"resistome","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neonatal-colonization","display_name":"neonatal colonization","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.7979999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776666601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457855","display_name":"Resistome","level":5,"score":0.9253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7109000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.6672999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143121216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330402","display_name":"Microbiome","level":2,"score":0.6015999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.5838000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15151743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903778","display_name":"Metagenomics","level":3,"score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4828999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777091541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9008292","display_name":"Neonatal intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539455810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734","display_name":"Gut flora","level":2,"score":0.4016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114851261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416","display_name":"Drug resistance","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780890998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6993476","display_name":"Neonatal cholestasis","level":5,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781413609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7308373","display_name":"Regimen","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.23.26363796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.23.26363796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.23.26363796","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/29/2026.09.23.26363796.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13648756","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42856639/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13648756/pdf/nihpp-2026.09.23.26363796v1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42856639","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42856639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.23.26363796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.23.26363796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.23.26363796","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/09/29/2026.09.23.26363796.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4755325791","display_name":"The contribution of antibiotic exposure in the prenatal, peripartum and infancy period to intestinal microbiome perturbations and association with early childhood obesity.","funder_award_id":"K23HD099240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5044569697","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HHSN316201300006W/75N93022F00001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7086496605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HHSN316201300006W","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G793805101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"75N93022F00001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306085","display_name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/033jnv181"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338421","display_name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","ror":"https://ror.org/023ny1p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214760774.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214760774.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052969143","https://openalex.org/W2063558597","https://openalex.org/W2890924527","https://openalex.org/W2973077148","https://openalex.org/W3003253515","https://openalex.org/W3019216653","https://openalex.org/W3116113567","https://openalex.org/W3132630599","https://openalex.org/W3157374051","https://openalex.org/W3187775936","https://openalex.org/W4212997954","https://openalex.org/W4286250606","https://openalex.org/W4289970924","https://openalex.org/W4306871314","https://openalex.org/W4387501823","https://openalex.org/W4389936436","https://openalex.org/W4390111787","https://openalex.org/W4391445510","https://openalex.org/W4399322879","https://openalex.org/W4401514050","https://openalex.org/W4401911157","https://openalex.org/W4402557213","https://openalex.org/W4406093209","https://openalex.org/W4408470720","https://openalex.org/W4408656113","https://openalex.org/W4411755488","https://openalex.org/W4413850533","https://openalex.org/W4416139276","https://openalex.org/W7122582565","https://openalex.org/W7124210178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160714566","https://openalex.org/W7122687585","https://openalex.org/W3163094497","https://openalex.org/W4380990976","https://openalex.org/W4286250606","https://openalex.org/W4401544011","https://openalex.org/W3111490008","https://openalex.org/W7126397190","https://openalex.org/W2899691601","https://openalex.org/W3205610405"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Importance":[1],"Antibiotic-resistant":[2],"infections":[3],"in":[4,42,46,66,87,202,236,263,267,297,303,318,375,406,410,443],"neonates":[5],"often":[6,261,293,404],"arise":[7],"from":[8,48,85,179],"the":[9,67,137,264,332,376,407,429],"infant\u2019s":[10],"own":[11],"colonizing":[12],"bacteria":[13],"harboring":[14],"antibiotic":[15,25,34,63,273,326,355,373,416,448],"resistance":[16,35,279,296,356],"genes":[17,36,357],"(ARG).":[18],"This":[19,310],"study":[20,73,312,386],"evaluates":[21],"ARG":[22,277],"that":[23],"impact":[24,341],"selection":[26],"and":[27,62,102,115,159,183,211,239,283,338,345,372],"drive":[28],"resistance-related":[29],"mortality,":[30],"termed":[31],"clinically":[32,353],"important":[33,354],"(CI-ARG).":[37],"Objective":[38],"To":[39],"determine":[40],"differences":[41,317],"gut":[43],"CI-ARG":[44,118,216,259,316,336,440],"abundance":[45,119,217,252,396],"children":[47,319],"birth":[49],"through":[50,390],"3":[51,365],"years":[52,162,366],"old,":[53],"stratified":[54],"by":[55,218,321],"neonatal":[56],"intensive":[57],"care":[58],"unit":[59],"(NICU)":[60],"admission":[61,135,371],"(abx)":[64],"exposure":[65,374],"first":[68,203,377],"two":[69,88,204,378],"months":[70,205,379,392],"Design":[71],"Cohort":[72],"(sequencing,":[74],"analysis":[75],"completed":[76],"2025-2026)":[77],"using":[78,221],"shotgun":[79],"metagenomic":[80],"sequencing":[81],"of":[82,100,141,144,187,206,276,380,387,393,423,446],"stool":[83,171,177,245],"samples":[84],"infants":[86,248,305,362,389],"studies:":[89],"\u201cNeonatal":[90],"Intestinal":[91],"Microbiome\u201d":[92],"(+NICU":[93],"groups,":[94,105],"2015-2022),":[95],"\u201cThe":[96],"First":[97],"1000":[98,243],"Days":[99],"Life":[101],"Beyond\u201d":[103],"(\u2212NICU":[104],"2018-2021).":[106],"Infants":[107],"grouped":[108,320],"into":[109],"four":[110],"cohorts:":[111],"+NICU/+abx,":[112],"+NICU/\u2212abx,":[113],"\u2212NICU/\u2212abx,":[114],"\u2212NICU/+abx.":[116],"Prespecified":[117],"compared":[120,220],"longitudinally":[121,360],"among":[122,255,361],"groups.":[123],"Setting":[124],"NICU,":[125,138],"well-baby":[126,197],"nursery,":[127],"Inova":[128],"Fairfax":[129],"Hospital,":[130],"Virginia":[131],"Participants":[132],"+NICU":[133,265,304],"criteria:":[134],"to":[136,165,280,364,428],"anticipated":[139],"length":[140],"stay":[142],"(LOS)":[143],"at":[145,174],"least":[146,175],"five":[147],"days,":[148],"maternal":[149],"age":[150,160,208],"\u226518":[151,161],"years.":[152],"\u2212NICU:":[153],"parents":[154],"with":[155,226,270,413,420],"good":[156],"general":[157],"health":[158],"enrolled":[163],"prior":[164],"infant":[166],"birth.":[167],"Stool":[168],"samples:":[169],"adequate":[170],"processing":[172],"volume,":[173],"one":[176,181,185],"sample":[178],"before":[180],"month":[182],"after":[184],"year":[186],"age,":[188,394],"7-day":[189],"minimum":[190],"between":[191],"serial":[192,244],"samples.":[193],"Exposures":[194],"NICU":[195,323,370,408,424,430],"versus":[196,200],"nursery;":[198],"antibiotics":[199],"none":[201],"corrected":[207],"Main":[209],"Outcomes":[210],"Measures":[212],"Predefined":[213,233],"primary":[214],"outcome-longitudinal":[215],"group,":[219],"linear":[222],"mixed":[223],"effects":[224],"models":[225],"adjustment":[227],"for":[228,257,400],"multiple":[229],"comparisons":[230],"(Benjamini-Hochberg":[231],"procedure).":[232],"secondary":[234],"outcomes-differences":[235],"overall":[237],"microbiota":[238],"resistome":[240],"composition.":[241],"Results":[242],"samples,":[246],"179":[247,388],"(birth-39":[249],"months).":[250],"Longitudinal":[251],"significantly":[253,398],"differed":[254],"cohorts":[256],"11":[258,401],"(p<0.05);":[260],"higher":[262,405],"groups":[266,409],"early":[268,411,442],"life,":[269,412,444],"or":[271,414,434],"without":[272,415],"exposure.":[274,327,417,449],"Abundance":[275],"conferring":[278],"aminoglycosides,":[281],"macrolides,":[282],"fluoroquinolones":[284],"later":[285],"decreased":[286],"below":[287],"\u2212NICU":[288],"levels.":[289],"mecA":[290],",":[291,299],"which":[292],"drives":[294],"methicillin":[295],"Staphylococcus":[298],"was":[300,397],"detected":[301],"only":[302],"during":[306],"premature":[307],"period.":[308],"Conclusions":[309],"longitudinal":[311,315,395],"demonstrates":[313],"significant":[314],"early-life":[322],"status":[324],"and/or":[325],"Future":[328],"studies":[329],"should":[330],"explore":[331],"mechanisms":[333],"driving":[334],"these":[335],"changes":[337],"evaluate":[339],"their":[340],"on":[342,369],"infection":[343],"risk":[344],"community":[346],"spread.":[347],"Key":[348],"Points":[349],"Question":[350],"How":[351],"do":[352],"(CI-ARG)":[358],"differ":[359],"up":[363],"old":[367],"based":[368],"life?":[381],"Findings":[382],"In":[383],"this":[384],"cohort":[385],"39":[391],"different":[399],"prespecified":[402],"CI-ARG,":[403],"Meaning":[418],"Children":[419],"a":[421],"history":[422],"hospitalization,":[425],"whether":[426],"due":[427],"environment":[431],"itself,":[432],"prematurity,":[433],"other":[435],"factors,":[436],"may":[437],"have":[438],"increased":[439],"burden":[441],"irrespective":[445],"direct":[447]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}