{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214733999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.35258","title":"A Conservative Multi-Level Adaptive Velocity-Space Method for the Discrete Unified Gas-Kinetic Scheme","display_name":"A Conservative Multi-Level Adaptive Velocity-Space Method for the Discrete Unified Gas-Kinetic Scheme","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214733999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.35258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.35258","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35258","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.35258","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.35258","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111353508","display_name":"Weijie Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9849-6334","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9849-6334"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren, Weijie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Science and Engineering , National University of Defense Technology , Hunan 410073 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering , National University of Defense Technology , Hunan 410073 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153500451","display_name":"Hang Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Hang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flow Physics , Mianyang , Sichuan , 621000 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Flow Physics , Mianyang , Sichuan , 621000 , China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073577777","display_name":"Zhengyu Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1641-2343","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1641-2343","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3870-0670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian, Zhengyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Science and Engineering , National University of Defense Technology , Hunan 410073 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering , National University of Defense Technology , Hunan 410073 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153423114","display_name":"Wenjia Xie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie, Wenjia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Science and Engineering , National University of Defense Technology , Hunan 410073 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering , National University of Defense Technology , Hunan 410073 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140908349","display_name":"Xiaoqiang Fan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan, XiaoQiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aerospace Science and Engineering , National University of Defense Technology , Hunan 410073 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aerospace Science and Engineering , National University of Defense Technology , Hunan 410073 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11012","display_name":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11012","display_name":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10173","display_name":"Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11751","display_name":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-unified-gas-kinetic-scheme","display_name":"discrete unified gas kinetic scheme","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rarefied-gas-dynamics","display_name":"rarefied gas dynamics","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonequilibrium-gas-flow","display_name":"nonequilibrium gas flow","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation","display_name":"conservation","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-cost-reduction","display_name":"computational complexity reduction","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gpu-memory-reduction","display_name":"GPU memory reduction","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knudsen-number","display_name":"Knudsen number","score":0.8569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.6335999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121838276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898463","display_name":"Knudsen number","level":2,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30295242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1023483","display_name":"Courant\u2013Friedrichs\u2013Lewy condition","level":3,"score":0.3709000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135889238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46276","display_name":"Kinetic energy","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166693061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462119","display_name":"Flow velocity","level":3,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.35258","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35258","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.35258","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.35258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.35258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.35258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.35258","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35258","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.35258","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2725217413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12202490","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6987618676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12502275","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321883","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326217","display_name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214733999.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214733999.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7158725390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2957633001","https://openalex.org/W4366390752","https://openalex.org/W7113901603","https://openalex.org/W7222242847","https://openalex.org/W4401284887","https://openalex.org/W4401257620","https://openalex.org/W3034775518","https://openalex.org/W2995600074","https://openalex.org/W3027523247","https://openalex.org/W3144662812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiscale":[0],"gas":[1,208],"flows":[2,21],"often":[3],"span":[4],"a":[5,38,101,194],"wide":[6],"range":[7],"of":[8,53,88,104,170,180,184,191,205],"Knudsen":[9],"numbers,":[10],"from":[11,92],"near-continuum":[12,148],"to":[13,113,134,149],"highly":[14,150],"rarefied":[15,151],"and":[16,45,80,96,138,164,186],"strongly":[17],"nonequilibrium":[18,207],"conditions.":[19],"Such":[20],"require":[22],"kinetic":[23],"solvers":[24],"that":[25],"remain":[26],"accurate":[27],"across":[28],"these":[29,98],"regimes.":[30],"The":[31,82],"discrete":[32,55,69,136,171],"unified":[33,39,70],"gas-kinetic":[34,71],"scheme":[35,72],"(DUGKS)":[36],"provides":[37,198],"description,":[40],"but":[41],"its":[42],"computational":[43],"cost":[44],"memory":[46],"consumption":[47],"are":[48],"dominated":[49],"by":[50,176,189],"the":[51,54,65,85,157,162,167,196,203],"size":[52],"velocity":[56,107,122,172],"space.":[57],"To":[58],"alleviate":[59],"this":[60,62],"bottleneck,":[61],"work":[63],"develops":[64],"multi-level":[66],"velocity-space":[67,75,86],"adaptive":[68],"(MLVS-DUGKS),":[73],"reducing":[74],"redundancy":[76],"while":[77],"preserving":[78],"accuracy":[79],"conservation.":[81],"method":[83],"identifies":[84],"requirements":[87,99],"individual":[89],"physical":[90,126],"cells":[91],"their":[93],"distribution":[94],"functions":[95],"groups":[97],"into":[100],"small":[102],"number":[103,169],"shared":[105],"representative":[106,143],"spaces.":[108,144],"This":[109],"organization":[110],"retains":[111],"sensitivity":[112],"different":[114],"local":[115],"flow":[116],"states":[117],"without":[118],"constructing":[119],"an":[120,199],"independent":[121],"space":[123],"for":[124,202],"every":[125],"cell.":[127],"A":[128],"linear":[129],"moment-constrained":[130],"correction":[131],"is":[132,174],"incorporated":[133],"maintain":[135],"compatibility":[137],"conservative":[139],"data":[140],"transfer":[141],"between":[142],"Benchmark":[145],"simulations":[146],"spanning":[147],"regimes":[152],"show":[153],"close":[154],"agreement":[155],"with":[156],"uniform-velocity-space":[158],"DUGKS":[159],"(UVS-DUGKS).":[160],"For":[161],"cylinder":[163],"two-cavity":[165],"problems,":[166],"average":[168],"points":[173],"reduced":[175],"approximately":[177],"one":[178],"order":[179],"magnitude,":[181],"yielding":[182],"speedups":[183],"$7.00$--$7.93$":[185],"GPU-memory":[187],"reductions":[188],"factors":[190],"$6.73$--$7.49$.":[192],"As":[193],"result,":[195],"MLVS-DUGKS":[197],"efficient":[200],"tool":[201],"simulation":[204],"multiscale":[206],"flows.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}
