{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214726744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.35535","title":"Analysis of asymmetric errors in NISQ experiments","display_name":"Analysis of asymmetric errors in NISQ experiments","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214726744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.35535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.35535","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35535","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.35535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.35535","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019646400","display_name":"Gil Kalai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0982-1000","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0982-1000"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalai, Gil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046286700","display_name":"Tomer Shoham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-2743","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-2743"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoham, Tomer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120792373","display_name":"Carsten Voelkmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Voelkmann, Carsten","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nisq-devices","display_name":"NISQ devices","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-damping","display_name":"amplitude damping","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-errors","display_name":"gate errors","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-bias","display_name":"zero bias","score":0.38600000739097595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.8062000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6297000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5738000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5659000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5573999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.5485000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.5372999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55037315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421151","display_name":"Experimental data","level":2,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34559072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334061","display_name":"Design of experiments","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21080849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13611879","display_name":"Data point","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.35535","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35535","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.35535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.35535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.35535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.35535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.35535","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.35535","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.35535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214726744.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214726744.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1754136245","https://openalex.org/W2795414768","https://openalex.org/W3048586153","https://openalex.org/W3048715740","https://openalex.org/W4307312966","https://openalex.org/W4367859860","https://openalex.org/W4376639590","https://openalex.org/W4389373471","https://openalex.org/W4392284845","https://openalex.org/W4393729318","https://openalex.org/W4401024415","https://openalex.org/W4417296697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4417296697","https://openalex.org/W4393729318","https://openalex.org/W4384827113","https://openalex.org/W7205691835","https://openalex.org/W4280542476","https://openalex.org/W4401726358","https://openalex.org/W3073490554","https://openalex.org/W3213465472","https://openalex.org/W3047078271","https://openalex.org/W7130423899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,75],"continues":[2],"our":[3,54],"analysis":[4],"of":[5,86,96,111,127,130,139,147],"NISQ":[6],"experiments":[7,65],"and":[8,25,29,36,52,57,66,141,151,159],"especially":[9],"the":[10,30,84,99,103,118,124,128,137,145],"Google":[11,119],"2019":[12],"``quantum":[13],"supremacy\"":[14],"experiment.":[15],"In":[16],"arXiv:2008.05177":[17],"we":[18,41,50],"proposed":[19],"statistical":[20,47],"tools":[21],"to":[22,92],"analyze":[23,58],"symmetric":[24,31],"asymmetric":[26,59],"readout":[27,60,149],"errors,":[28,150],"case":[32],"was":[33,70],"extensively":[34],"developed":[35],"studied":[37],"in":[38,98,117],"arXiv:2404.00935,":[39],"where":[40],"used":[42],"Fourier":[43],"methods":[44],"combined":[45],"with":[46,155],"tools.":[48],"Here":[49],"extend":[51],"complement":[53],"earlier":[55],"study":[56,69],"errors":[61,90,113],"for":[62,123],"data":[63],"from":[64],"simulations.":[67],"Our":[68],"further":[71],"motivated":[72],"by":[73,76,102],"a":[74],"Fefferman":[77],"et":[78],"al.":[79],"arXiv:2306.16659,":[80],"who":[81],"showed":[82],"that":[83,108],"effect":[85,110],"amplitude":[87],"damping":[88],"gate":[89,112],"is":[91,114],"have":[93],"larger":[94],"fractions":[95],"zeroes":[97,140],"samples":[100],"produced":[101],"quantum":[104],"computer.":[105],"We":[106],"show":[107],"this":[109],"not":[115],"observed":[116],"experimental":[120],"data,":[121],"where,":[122],"entire":[125],"range":[126],"number":[129],"qubits,":[131],"$12":[132],"\\le":[133,135],"n":[134],"53$,":[136],"fraction":[138],"ones":[142],"reflects":[143],"only":[144],"asymmetry":[146],"reported":[148],"report":[152],"on":[153],"simulations":[154],"$n=12,14$":[156],"using":[157],"IBM's":[158],"Google's":[160],"simulators.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}
