{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214726720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030","title":"Problem-Based Learning for Sustainable Hydrology Education: Develop a Campus Rain-gauge Networks for Rainfall Monitoring","display_name":"Problem-Based Learning for Sustainable Hydrology Education: Develop a Campus Rain-gauge Networks for Rainfall Monitoring","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214726720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195883","display_name":"IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science","issn_l":"1755-1315","issn":["1755-1315","1755-1307"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7214726720"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086637073","display_name":"Sumayyah Aimi Mohd Najib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3684-9754","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3684-9754"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143923087","display_name":"Sultan Idris Education University","ror":"https://ror.org/005bjd415","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143923087"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sumayyah Aimi Mohd Najib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143923087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103259529","display_name":"Md. Enamul Huq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-8263","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-8263"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143923087","display_name":"Sultan Idris Education University","ror":"https://ror.org/005bjd415","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143923087"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Enamul Huq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143923087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041174463","display_name":"Shazlyn Milleana Shaharudin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8243-5646","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8243-5646"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143923087","display_name":"Sultan Idris Education University","ror":"https://ror.org/005bjd415","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143923087"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shazlyn Milleana Shaharudin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143923087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009305939","display_name":"Lindah Roziani Jamru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-884X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-884X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161371597","display_name":"Universiti of Malaysia Sabah","ror":"https://ror.org/040v70252","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lindah Roziani Jamru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Malaysia Sabah"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Malaysia Sabah","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161371597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153409954","display_name":"Azizul Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azizul Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Malaysia Sarawak"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042998546","display_name":"Mohd Zulhafiz Said","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2605-6921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2605-6921"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Zulhafiz Said","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Putra Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153479671","display_name":"Arif Ashari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arif Ashari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Social Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Social Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086637073"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143923087"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1665","issue":"1","first_page":"012030","last_page":"012030"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11299","display_name":"Problem and Project Based Learning","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12343","display_name":"Geography Education and Pedagogy","score":0.039500001817941666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11119","display_name":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-based-learning","display_name":"problem-based learning","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology-education","display_name":"hydrology education","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-gauge-network","display_name":"rain gauge network","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-monitoring","display_name":"rainfall monitoring","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experiential-learning","display_name":"experiential learning","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-runoff","display_name":"rainfall-runoff","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micro-catchments","display_name":"micro-catchments","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-water-management","display_name":"sustainable water management","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-data-collection","display_name":"field data collection","score":0.546999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.6273000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5848000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.4586000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.44029998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188167160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20825837","display_name":"Experiential education","level":3,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120961793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190052","display_name":"Rain gauge","level":3,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698936","display_name":"Temporal scales","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133485526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1508666","display_name":"Outdoor education","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195883","display_name":"IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science","issn_l":"1755-1315","issn":["1755-1315","1755-1307"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1665/1/012030/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195883","display_name":"IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science","issn_l":"1755-1315","issn":["1755-1315","1755-1307"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9901999831199646,"display_name":"Quality education"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214726720.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214726720.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966174971","https://openalex.org/W2089608553","https://openalex.org/W2101030959","https://openalex.org/W2413554747","https://openalex.org/W2885484954","https://openalex.org/W3038202225","https://openalex.org/W3094842873","https://openalex.org/W3196209949","https://openalex.org/W4384498111","https://openalex.org/W4392890944","https://openalex.org/W4403869176","https://openalex.org/W4404621376","https://openalex.org/W4405807427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383101421","https://openalex.org/W2696257257","https://openalex.org/W214661844","https://openalex.org/W2519078492","https://openalex.org/W1987316769","https://openalex.org/W4223603733","https://openalex.org/W7161566810","https://openalex.org/W2143103963","https://openalex.org/W2944987271","https://openalex.org/W4412564916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Sustainable":[1],"water":[2,182],"management":[3],"requires":[4],"future":[5],"professionals":[6],"to":[7,52,77,97,162,178],"possess":[8],"not":[9],"only":[10],"theoretical":[11],"knowledge":[12],"but":[13],"also":[14],"practical":[15],"skills":[16],"in":[17,121,157],"environmental":[18],"monitoring.":[19],"This":[20,166],"study":[21,167],"investigate":[22],"the":[23,34,65,109,112,135,147,169],"integration":[24],"of":[25,36,111,131,140,171],"problem-based":[26],"learning":[27,88,115],"(PBL)":[28],"and":[29,43,55,75,82,129,142,151],"experiential":[30,114,175],"field":[31,125],"activities":[32],"through":[33],"development":[35],"a":[37,100],"campus-based":[38],"rain":[39,144],"gauge":[40],"network":[41],"constructed":[42],"operated":[44],"by":[45],"undergraduate":[46],"geography":[47],"students.":[48],"Students":[49],"were":[50,70],"challenged":[51],"design,":[53],"install,":[54],"manage":[56],"low-cost":[57,143],"rainfall":[58,80],"monitoring":[59,164,177],"stations":[60],"across":[61],"selected":[62],"micro-catchments":[63],"within":[64],"university":[66],"campus.":[67],"Rainfall":[68],"data":[69,126],"collected":[71],"over":[72],"several":[73],"weeks":[74],"analysed":[76],"identify":[78],"spatial":[79],"patterns":[81],"basic":[83],"hydrological":[84,123,176],"responses.":[85],"All":[86],"evaluated":[87],"outcomes":[89],"recorded":[90],"high":[91],"mean":[92],"scores":[93],"ranging":[94],"from":[95],"3.89":[96],"3.95":[98],"on":[99],"four-point":[101],"Likert":[102],"scale,":[103],"indicating":[104],"strong":[105],"student":[106],"agreement":[107],"regarding":[108],"effectiveness":[110,170],"PBL-based":[113],"approach.":[116],"Findings":[117],"indicate":[118],"significant":[119],"improvements":[120],"students\u2019":[122],"literacy,":[124],"collection":[127],"competency,":[128],"understanding":[130],"rainfall\u2013runoff":[132],"processes":[133],"at":[134],"local":[136],"scale.":[137],"The":[138],"use":[139],"simple":[141],"gauges":[145],"demonstrates":[146],"potential":[148],"for":[149],"scalable":[150],"inclusive":[152],"hydrology":[153],"education":[154],"approaches,":[155],"particularly":[156],"institutions":[158],"with":[159,174],"limited":[160],"access":[161],"advanced":[163],"equipment.":[165],"highlights":[168],"integrating":[172],"PBL":[173],"strengthen":[179],"sustainability":[180],"oriented":[181],"education.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}
