{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214713227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261187","title":"Importation-Driven Measles Resurgence and the Fragility of Elimination, Japan, 2024\u20132026","display_name":"Importation-Driven Measles Resurgence and the Fragility of Elimination, Japan, 2024\u20132026","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214713227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261187","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42810357","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13715881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3201/eid3211.261187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189281586","display_name":"Emerging infectious diseases","issn_l":"1080-6040","issn":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315581","host_organization_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315581"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261187","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090750541","display_name":"Koichiro Yuji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-4991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-4991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154200","display_name":"Kitasato Institute Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05js82y61","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286826","display_name":"Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/0376e0j29","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405286826","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Koichiro Yuji","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (K. Yuji, E. Adachi); Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (K. Yuji, W. Yuji, E. Adachi)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (K. Yuji, E. Adachi); Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (K. Yuji, W. Yuji, E. Adachi)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154200","https://openalex.org/I4405286826","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049050478","display_name":"Wakako Yuji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3075-266X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3075-266X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154200","display_name":"Kitasato Institute Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05js82y61","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286826","display_name":"Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/0376e0j29","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405286826","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wakako Yuji","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (K. Yuji, E. Adachi); Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (K. Yuji, W. Yuji, E. Adachi)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (K. Yuji, E. Adachi); Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (K. Yuji, W. Yuji, E. Adachi)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154200","https://openalex.org/I4405286826","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086355553","display_name":"Eisuke Adachi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-873X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1623-873X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154200","display_name":"Kitasato Institute Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05js82y61","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286826","display_name":"Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/0376e0j29","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405286826","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eisuke Adachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (K. Yuji, E. Adachi); Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (K. Yuji, W. Yuji, E. Adachi)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (K. Yuji, E. Adachi); Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo (K. Yuji, W. Yuji, E. Adachi)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154200","https://openalex.org/I4405286826","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090750541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154200","https://openalex.org/I4405286826","https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51589347,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"11","first_page":"1785","last_page":"1792"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11135","display_name":"Virology and Viral Diseases","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11135","display_name":"Virology and Viral Diseases","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11767","display_name":"Poxvirus research and outbreaks","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measles-resurgence","display_name":"measles resurgence","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measles-elimination","display_name":"measles elimination","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measles-surveillance","display_name":"measles surveillance","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-gatherings","display_name":"mass gatherings","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-travel","display_name":"world travel","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japan","display_name":"Japan","score":0.5460000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776438120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79793","display_name":"Measles","level":3,"score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80191262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477668","display_name":"Fragility","level":2,"score":0.6603999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5827000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5464000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5407999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.3716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccine failure","level":4,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780657872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804161","display_name":"Measles vaccine","level":4,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533803919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30953","display_name":"Dengue fever","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007564","descriptor_name":"Japan","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008457","descriptor_name":"Measles","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008457","descriptor_name":"Measles","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008457","descriptor_name":"Measles","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008457","descriptor_name":"Measles","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008458","descriptor_name":"Measles Vaccine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008459","descriptor_name":"Measles virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008459","descriptor_name":"Measles virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014195","descriptor_name":"Travel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060740","descriptor_name":"Disease Eradication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3201/eid3211.261187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189281586","display_name":"Emerging infectious diseases","issn_l":"1080-6040","issn":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315581","host_organization_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315581"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42810357","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42810357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerging infectious diseases","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13715881","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13715881/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerg Infect Dis","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:41c77d3a7bf24590891a03c84d5aca6d","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/41c77d3a7bf24590891a03c84d5aca6d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 32, Iss 11, Pp 1785-1792 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3201/eid3211.261187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3211.261187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189281586","display_name":"Emerging infectious diseases","issn_l":"1080-6040","issn":["1080-6040","1080-6059"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315581","host_organization_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315581"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16116241","https://openalex.org/W1725195596","https://openalex.org/W1969896710","https://openalex.org/W2045089976","https://openalex.org/W2045928651","https://openalex.org/W2055872630","https://openalex.org/W2172430468","https://openalex.org/W3034842380","https://openalex.org/W4223535690","https://openalex.org/W4400910821","https://openalex.org/W4401819252","https://openalex.org/W4401884379","https://openalex.org/W4402549158","https://openalex.org/W4409768769","https://openalex.org/W4411718892","https://openalex.org/W4412005157","https://openalex.org/W7170858864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2900492613","https://openalex.org/W2563991180","https://openalex.org/W2656952946","https://openalex.org/W2017572596","https://openalex.org/W2955006315","https://openalex.org/W4389743994","https://openalex.org/W1975269986","https://openalex.org/W2006716504","https://openalex.org/W4412745458","https://openalex.org/W1531278487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0,103],"measles":[1,27,69,118],"elimination":[2,25,125],"unravels":[3],"across":[4],"the":[5,9,19,61,115,132],"Americas,":[6],"Europe,":[7],"and":[8,101],"Western":[10],"Pacific,":[11],"Japan":[12,29,109],"is":[13],"experiencing":[14],"a":[15,38,64,82,112],"resurgence":[16],"of":[17,26,36,40,117,147],"measles;":[18],"World":[20],"Health":[21],"Organization":[22],"had":[23,43],"verified":[24],"in":[28,30,121,134],"2015.":[31],"By":[32],"epidemiologic":[33],"week":[34],"20":[35],"2026,":[37],"total":[39,49],"498":[41],"cases":[42],"been":[44],"reported,":[45],"exceeding":[46],"every":[47],"full-year":[48],"since":[50],"2020.":[51],"Median":[52],"case-patient":[53],"age":[54],"has":[55,110],"fallen":[56],"to":[57,71,139,143],"26":[58],"years,":[59],"shifting":[60],"burden":[62],"from":[63,137],"generation":[65],"who":[66],"received":[67],"single-dose":[68],"vaccinations":[70],"younger":[72],"cohorts":[73],"caught":[74],"between":[75],"successive":[76],"vaccination-policy":[77],"transitions.":[78],"Among":[79],"case-patients":[80],"with":[81],"documented":[83],"2-dose":[84],"vaccination":[85],"history,":[86],"more":[87],"than":[88],"half":[89],"experienced":[90],"modified":[91],"measles,":[92],"an":[93],"attenuated,":[94],"easily":[95],"missed":[96],"illness":[97],"that":[98,123],"delays":[99],"diagnosis":[100],"isolation.":[102],"mass":[104],"gatherings":[105],"concentrate":[106],"global":[107],"travel,":[108],"become":[111],"sentinel":[113],"for":[114],"fragility":[116],"elimination,":[119],"including":[120],"countries":[122],"consider":[124],"status":[126],"secure.":[127],"Surveillance":[128],"shows":[129],"importation-driven":[130],"resurgence;":[131],"shift":[133],"genotype":[135],"profile":[136],"D8":[138,144],"B3":[140],"predominance":[141],"back":[142],"enabled":[145],"tracking":[146],"source":[148],"countries.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}
