{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214680052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2026.3735896","title":"Interpreting the Altimetric Radar Cross Section of Young Sea Ice","display_name":"Interpreting the Altimetric Radar Cross Section of Young Sea Ice","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214680052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2026.3735896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2026.3735896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2026.3735896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2026.3735896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2026.3735896","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064690280","display_name":"Robbie D. C. Mallett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-6529","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-6529"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robbie Mallett","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103167971","display_name":"Vishnu Nandan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5133-2676","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5133-2676","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-6658"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishnu Nandan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072258471","display_name":"Julienne Christine Stroeve","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7316-8320","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7316-8320"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julienne Stroeve","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050501965","display_name":"Rosemary C. Willatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-562X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-562X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosemary Willatt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069517841","display_name":"Thomas Newman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0440-8366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0440-8366"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Newman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060421018","display_name":"Ga\u00eblle Veyssi\u00e8re","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4843-4935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4843-4935","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-1017"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaelle Veyssiere","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014266001","display_name":"Carmen Nab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2459-4777","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2459-4777"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Nab","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051197393","display_name":"Connor Nelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6873-8815","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6873-8815","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0313-1260"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Connor Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084196396","display_name":"John Yackel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1110-7631","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1110-7631"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Yackel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008346159","display_name":"Amy R. Macfarlane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1638-8885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1638-8885"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy R. Macfarlane","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120883966","display_name":"Jeremy Wilkinson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Wilkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61598322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9214000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9214000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.046799998730421066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.016499999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"radar cross section","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antarctic-sea-ice","display_name":"Antarctic sea ice","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-altimetry","display_name":"radar altimetry","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryosat-2","display_name":"CryoSat-2","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-freeboard","display_name":"sea ice freeboard","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-thickness","display_name":"sea ice thickness","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-cover","display_name":"snow cover","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"specular reflection","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frost-flowers","display_name":"frost flowers","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ku-band","display_name":"Ku-band","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ka-band","display_name":"Ka-band","score":0.9990000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.8342000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.515500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4828000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149767477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","level":4,"score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36067731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7572176","display_name":"Space-based radar","level":5,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107018473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52120","display_name":"Glaciology","level":4,"score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194520297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440064","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","level":5,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52234038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025","display_name":"Cross section (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71052889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16905219","display_name":"Early-warning radar","level":5,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2026.3735896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2026.3735896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2026.3735896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:542509","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4843-4935","pdf_url":"https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/542509/1/Interpreting_the_Altimetric_Radar_Cross_Section_of_Young_Sea_Ice.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400758","display_name":"NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141816643","host_organization_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Publication - Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10231986","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10231986/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10231986/1/Interpreting_the_Altimetric_Radar_Cross_Section_of_Young_Sea_Ice.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing , PP (99) pp. 1-21. (2026) (In press).","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05820768v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05820768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2026, pp.1-21. ⟨10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3735896⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2026.3735896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2026.3735896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2026.3735896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46149998903274536,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1276524646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ESA AO/1\u201010061/19/I\u2010EF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1330772751","display_name":"The London NERC Doctoral Training Partnership 2","funder_award_id":"NE/S007229/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1483882390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ESA/AO/1-9132/17/NL/MP","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1964221894","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DIRCR\u20102018\u2010003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329017","funder_display_name":"Swiss Polar Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G279537525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN 2017 ?","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2924308249","display_name":"Umwandlung von Lichtenergie in chemische Energie, photochemische Nutzung von Solarenergie","funder_award_id":"10061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2988232054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4000139243/22/NL/SD","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3151691304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#04888","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3819345188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WSL 201812N1678","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316294","funder_display_name":"WSL-Institut f\u00fcr Schnee- und Lawinenforschung SLF"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4417203333","display_name":"Microwave signatures of snow on sea ice","funder_award_id":"217845","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5460598122","display_name":"DEFIANT: Drivers and Effects of Fluctuations in sea Ice in the ANTarctic","funder_award_id":"NE/W004712/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G549611173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ESA/AO/1-9132/17/NL/MP","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5743798871","display_name":"Empowering our communities to map rough ice and slush for safer sea-ice travel in Inuit Nunangat","funder_award_id":"NE/X004643/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5922045776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AO/1-10061/19/I-EF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6168535503","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CLEV2ER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6445528599","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/X004643/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G758003146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AO/1-11448/22/I-AG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316294","display_name":"WSL-Institut f\u00fcr Schnee- und Lawinenforschung SLF","ror":"https://ror.org/04pzmmv39"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329017","display_name":"Swiss Polar Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02z9ca723"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214680052.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214680052.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987026198","https://openalex.org/W2083356558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1602282103","https://openalex.org/W4313839682","https://openalex.org/W7123529814","https://openalex.org/W7140411151","https://openalex.org/W6907461038","https://openalex.org/W3010211881","https://openalex.org/W2079800710","https://openalex.org/W4416039409","https://openalex.org/W4399320112","https://openalex.org/W2045374177"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ku-band":[0],"radar":[1,14,31,42,50,83,105,210],"altimeters":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4],"the":[5,10,27,34,55,61,74,125,131,134,149,172,181,187,196,199],"one":[6],"onboard":[7],"CryoSat-2":[8],"measure":[9],"return-time":[11],"of":[12,30,81,115,175,183,198],"backscattered":[13],"pulses":[15],"to":[16,93,195,207],"derive":[17],"sea":[18,45,56,88,215],"ice":[19,46,57,89,126,143],"freeboard":[20],"and":[21,142,156,180,189],"thickness.":[22],"This":[23,110],"method":[24],"relies":[25],"on":[26,178,214],"two-way":[28],"penetration":[29,211],"waves":[32],"through":[33,212],"overlying":[35,62],"snow.":[36],"Early":[37],"research":[38],"with":[39,113,121,140,159],"a":[40,78,99],"surface-based":[41,82,154],"over":[43,108],"tank-grown":[44],"indicated":[47],"that":[48],"most":[49],"power":[51],"is":[52,111],"returned":[53],"from":[54,85,91,124,133],"surface":[58,136],"rather":[59],"than":[60],"snow,":[63],"but":[64,137],"this":[65],"has":[66],"not":[67],"been":[68],"replicated":[69],"by":[70,166],"in-situ":[71],"radars":[72],"in":[73,96,102,163],"field.":[75],"We":[76],"present":[77],"24-day":[79],"timeseries":[80],"measurements":[84],"young":[86],"Antarctic":[87],"(growing":[90],"20":[92],"36":[94],"cm":[95],"thickness),":[97],"showing":[98],"progressive":[100],"reduction":[101],"its":[103],"normalised":[104],"cross-section":[106],"(\u03c30)":[107],"time.":[109],"associated":[112,120],"weakening":[114],"very":[116],"strong,":[117],"single-peaked":[118],"waveforms":[119],"specular":[122],"reflection":[123],"surface;":[127],"these":[128],"initially":[129],"swamp":[130],"signal":[132],"snow":[135,141,213],"rapidly":[138],"diminish":[139],"ageing.":[144],"Our":[145,168,191],"observations":[146],"help":[147],"resolve":[148],"apparent":[150],"contradiction":[151],"between":[152,186],"previous":[153],"studies,":[155],"are":[157,193],"consistent":[158],"an":[160],"early-winter":[161],"decline":[162],"\u03c30":[164,184],"observed":[165],"CryoSat-2.":[167],"results":[169],"also":[170],"highlight":[171],"suppressing":[173],"effect":[174],"frost":[176],"flowers":[177],"\u03c30,":[179],"similarity":[182],"evolution":[185],"Ku-":[188],"Ka-bands.":[190],"findings":[192],"relevant":[194],"capability":[197],"planned":[200],"Ku/Ka-band":[201],"CRISTAL":[202],"altimetry":[203],"mission,":[204],"which":[205],"aims":[206],"leverage":[208],"differential":[209],"ice.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00"}