{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214649545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.21.753371","title":"An integrated stereotaxic injection architecture for mouse intracranial surgeries with AI-driven domain expertise","display_name":"An integrated stereotaxic injection architecture for mouse intracranial surgeries with AI-driven domain expertise","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214649545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.21.753371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.21.753371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.21.753371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.21.753371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.21.753371","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100502005","display_name":"Mir Abbas Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9897-7372","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9897-7372"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mir Abbas Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9897-7372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152336711","display_name":"Reilly Downing","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reilly Downing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152330539","display_name":"Owen Beer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Owen Beer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152396959","display_name":"Megan LaBelle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megan LaBelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074578763","display_name":"Sanjay Madala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6212-6047","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6212-6047"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjay Madala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6212-6047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152345777","display_name":"Kassidy Schroeder","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kassidy Schroeder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024200389","display_name":"Krishna Bhavithavya Kidambi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7266-3765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7266-3765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishna Bhavithavya Kidambi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7266-3765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047167546","display_name":"A. G. Sathyanesan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-7831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-7831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Sathyanesan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-7831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, 45469, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047167546"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.4399000108242035,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.4399000108242035,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14189","display_name":"Intravenous Infusion Technology and Safety","score":0.12020000070333481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14411","display_name":"Undergraduate Neuroscience Education and Research","score":0.11150000244379044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracranial-injection","display_name":"intracranial injection","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printed-hardware","display_name":"3D-printed hardware","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arduino-firmware","display_name":"Arduino firmware","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrieval-augmented-generation","display_name":"retrieval-augmented generation","score":0.7699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6798999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.5956000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909233451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3311945","display_name":"Microinjections","level":3,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62525196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3311945","display_name":"Microinjection","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96439379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178805","display_name":"Joystick","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994543053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239206","display_name":"Preclinical testing","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.21.753371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.21.753371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.21.753371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.21.753371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.21.753371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.21.753371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972111566","https://openalex.org/W1983546168","https://openalex.org/W2037927650","https://openalex.org/W2055665132","https://openalex.org/W2113220543","https://openalex.org/W2160779028","https://openalex.org/W2167279371","https://openalex.org/W2171804530","https://openalex.org/W2915895751","https://openalex.org/W2951842640","https://openalex.org/W2970349652","https://openalex.org/W2975634117","https://openalex.org/W3021105102","https://openalex.org/W3025146945","https://openalex.org/W3138257762","https://openalex.org/W3152449813","https://openalex.org/W4315928472","https://openalex.org/W4382196173","https://openalex.org/W7075994024","https://openalex.org/W7151301900","https://openalex.org/W7162496874","https://openalex.org/W7213908036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382196173","https://openalex.org/W4409095844","https://openalex.org/W7163529594","https://openalex.org/W2031755663","https://openalex.org/W2400767181","https://openalex.org/W1583328317","https://openalex.org/W7147633394","https://openalex.org/W2028851900","https://openalex.org/W4387351774","https://openalex.org/W1999896784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Stereotaxic":[1],"intracranial":[2,44,179,208,251],"microinjection":[3],"in":[4,10,158],"mice":[5],"is":[6,48],"a":[7,80,104,116,151,155,195,211],"critical":[8],"step":[9],"neuro-science":[11],"workflows,":[12],"enabled":[13],"by":[14],"robust":[15],"hardware":[16,99],"design,":[17,245],"precise":[18],"operation,":[19],"and":[20,29,46,50,57,78,100,127,129,169,190,239,247],"neuroanatomical":[21],"expertise.":[22],"Manual":[23],"injections":[24,45,161],"are":[25,34],"prone":[26],"to":[27,67,201],"error":[28],"stereotax-mountable":[30],"commercial":[31,117,156],"automated":[32,125],"injectors":[33],"extremely":[35],"expensive.":[36],"Further,":[37],"the":[38,55,60,70,94,113,163,181,217,234],"knowledge":[39,242],"needed":[40],"for":[41,83,206,229],"performing":[42,73],"accurate":[43,85],"surgeries":[47,209],"heterogeneous":[49],"disparate.":[51],"Here":[52],"we":[53,224],"demonstrate":[54],"design":[56,177],"characterization":[58],"of":[59,72,87,107,115,178,184,213,249],"UD":[61,95,235],"Neuroinjector":[62,96,236],"software-hardware-knowledge":[63],"architecture,":[64],"which":[65],"serves":[66],"both":[68],"reduce":[69],"cost":[71,114],"precisely":[74],"controlled":[75],"stereotaxic":[76],"microinjections":[77],"provide":[79,187],"web":[81],"platform":[82],"planning":[84],"targeting":[86],"specific":[88],"mouse":[89,164,207,250],"brain":[90],"regions.":[91],"We":[92,193],"designed":[93,225],"using":[97,210],"low-cost":[98],"3D-printed":[101],"parts,":[102],"with":[103,154],"total":[105],"build-cost":[106],"\u223c$300":[108],"\u2014":[109],"less":[110],"than":[111],"0.1\u00d7":[112],"injector.":[118],"Arduino-based":[119],"firmware":[120],"enables":[121,240],"programmable":[122],"flow":[123],"rates,":[124],"injection":[126,148],"extraction,":[128],"manual":[130],"joystick":[131],"control.":[132],"Capillary-fluid":[133],"measurements":[134],"show":[135],"stable,":[136],"highly":[137],"linear":[138],"displacement":[139],"(":[140],"R":[141],"2":[142],">":[143],"0.93)":[144],"at":[145],"commonly":[146],"used":[147,194],"rates.":[149],"In":[150],"head-to-head":[152],"comparison":[153],"injector,":[157],"vivo":[159],"DAPI":[160,170],"into":[162],"thalamus":[165],"showed":[166],"comparable":[167],"spread":[168],"+":[171],"cell":[172],"counts.":[173],"For":[174],"effective":[175],"experimental":[176,244],"injections,":[180],"web-based":[182],"components":[183],"our":[185],"architecture":[186,237],"AI-enabled":[188],"assistance":[189],"atlas-guided":[191],"navigation.":[192],"hybrid":[196],"retrieval-augmented":[197],"generation":[198],"(RAG)":[199],"approach":[200],"ground":[202],"AI-assisted":[203],"protocol":[204],"guidance":[205],"corpus":[212],"3,738":[214],"papers.":[215],"Using":[216],"Common":[218],"Coordinate":[219],"Framework":[220],"version":[221],"3":[222],"(CCFv3),":[223],"an":[226],"interactive":[227],"tool":[228],"identifying":[230],"target":[231],"coordinates.":[232],"Together,":[233],"integrates":[238],"efficient":[241],"discovery,":[243],"planning,":[246],"implementation":[248],"surgeries.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00"}
