{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214648431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.24.754075","title":"Seizure control via astrocyte targeted optogenetic extracellular potassium modulation: computational analysis of K + vs non-selective cation conducting opsins","display_name":"Seizure control via astrocyte targeted optogenetic extracellular potassium modulation: computational analysis of K + vs non-selective cation conducting opsins","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214648431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.24.754075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.24.754075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.24.754075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.24.754075","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/28/2026.09.24.754075.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/28/2026.09.24.754075.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092098843","display_name":"Laila Weyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4943-4435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4943-4435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laila Weyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Belgium","WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - IMEC, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4943-4435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - IMEC, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019752497","display_name":"Thomas Tarnaud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-4348","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-4348"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Tarnaud","raw_affiliation_strings":["4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Belgium","WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - IMEC, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-4348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - IMEC, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018341759","display_name":"Wout Joseph","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-0673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-0673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wout Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - IMEC, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - IMEC, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058815082","display_name":"Robrecht Raedt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-0169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-0169"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robrecht Raedt","raw_affiliation_strings":["4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"4BRAIN, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021551548","display_name":"Emmeric Tanghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-6466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-6466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmeric Tanghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - IMEC, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - IMEC, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092098843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210114974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.4284999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.4284999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.3522999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.02459999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optogenetics","display_name":"optogenetics","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocytes","display_name":"astrocytes","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-potassium","display_name":"extracellular potassium","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seizure-control","display_name":"seizure control","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chr2","display_name":"channelrhodopsin-2","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium-homeostasis","display_name":"potassium homeostasis","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/na-k-atpase","display_name":"Na+/K+-ATPase","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-coupling","display_name":"electrical coupling","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuronal-excitability","display_name":"neuronal excitability","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation-parameters","display_name":"stimulation parameters","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epilepsy-treatment","display_name":"epilepsy treatment","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium-buffering","display_name":"potassium buffering","score":0.6539999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50738837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781492","display_name":"Optogenetics","level":2,"score":0.8727999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28406088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Extracellular","level":2,"score":0.7978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777542381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502961","display_name":"Astrocyte","level":3,"score":0.7351999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.6352999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6344000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.6015999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5537999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517785266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q703","display_name":"Potassium","level":2,"score":0.5080999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83743174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423778","display_name":"Potassium channel","level":2,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.41290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158157758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232438","display_name":"Gap junction","level":3,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778794669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43054","display_name":"Neuron","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74254510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7240508","display_name":"Premovement neuronal activity","level":2,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30028475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24785022","display_name":"Opsin","level":4,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185263204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154774","display_name":"Electrophysiology","level":2,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.24.754075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.24.754075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.24.754075","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/28/2026.09.24.754075.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.24.754075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.24.754075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.24.754075","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/28/2026.09.24.754075.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7246000170707703}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7475919089","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01G02722","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322603","funder_display_name":"Universiteit Gent"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322603","display_name":"Universiteit Gent","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335227","display_name":"Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214648431.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214648431.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535092629","https://openalex.org/W1879542066","https://openalex.org/W2074147499","https://openalex.org/W2081134676","https://openalex.org/W2104297808","https://openalex.org/W2134079336","https://openalex.org/W2143337761","https://openalex.org/W2145698896","https://openalex.org/W2167095271","https://openalex.org/W2268865551","https://openalex.org/W2481556052","https://openalex.org/W2592011942","https://openalex.org/W2797211648","https://openalex.org/W2889115154","https://openalex.org/W3087174653","https://openalex.org/W3094399095","https://openalex.org/W3134284980","https://openalex.org/W3163544548","https://openalex.org/W3167555276","https://openalex.org/W3180996541","https://openalex.org/W4205345235","https://openalex.org/W4210574564","https://openalex.org/W4225147667","https://openalex.org/W4283464463","https://openalex.org/W4289101105","https://openalex.org/W4289523669","https://openalex.org/W4297406079","https://openalex.org/W4309157251","https://openalex.org/W4309651431","https://openalex.org/W4313531658","https://openalex.org/W4385418330","https://openalex.org/W4385855717","https://openalex.org/W4396903660","https://openalex.org/W4404191292","https://openalex.org/W4406766273","https://openalex.org/W4408029244","https://openalex.org/W4413050751","https://openalex.org/W4413924606","https://openalex.org/W7127894722","https://openalex.org/W7128159625","https://openalex.org/W7138909941","https://openalex.org/W7139063683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7211893009","https://openalex.org/W7139063683","https://openalex.org/W2567182863","https://openalex.org/W3191609758","https://openalex.org/W4309651431","https://openalex.org/W2029552039","https://openalex.org/W2995326612","https://openalex.org/W2333730503","https://openalex.org/W2071400989","https://openalex.org/W7164196381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Aims":[1],"Seizure":[2],"generation":[3],"has":[4,30,388],"been":[5,31],"strongly":[6,49,208,488],"linked":[7],"to":[8,47,61,81,99,128,190,339,341,373,431,479,504],"the":[9,51,55,120,130,241,281,334,402,409,422,445,555],"accumulation":[10,181,330,494],"of":[11,27,42,54,77,132,203,233,255,277,308,331,382,405,411,425,439,447,520,557],"extracellular":[12,28,78,102,262,335,354,433,472,535],"potassium.":[13,434],"As":[14],"astrocytes":[15,259,547],"play":[16,348],"a":[17,34,229,274,288,302,313,349,436,449,454,465,517,530],"key":[18,275,518],"role":[19,351],"in":[20,153,258,333,352,471],"potassium":[21,29,141,180,219,263,310,325,332,355,383,415,441,473,475,480,522,536,566],"homeostasis,":[22,442],"astrocyte":[23,74,101,204,440],"targeted":[24,75,205],"optogenetic":[25,306,559],"modulation":[26,44,76,90,145,206,278,381,392,463,485],"proposed":[32],"as":[33,273,312,361,516,529],"novel":[35],"strategy":[36,315],"for":[37,73,224,228,305,316,364,533,554],"seizure":[38,317,399],"control.":[39],"The":[40,201],"effectiveness":[41,202,501],"such":[43],"is":[45,337],"expected":[46],"depend":[48],"on":[50,140,171,210,489],"ion":[52,133,371,423],"selectivity":[53,271,424],"employed":[56],"opsin.":[57],"This":[58],"study":[59,541],"aims":[60],"mechanistically":[62],"compare":[63],"potassium-selective":[64,285,406,450,462,527],"(WiChR)":[65,452],"and":[66,80,86,115,137,150,168,186,246,265,291,319,357,467,495,507,551],"cation-conducting":[67,296,456],"(ChR2-like,":[68],"ChR2":[69,159,176],"\u2217":[70],")":[71],"opsins":[72,257,286,407,528],"potassium,":[79],"determine":[82],"how":[83,421,546],"astrocytic":[84,121,135,282,309,391,513],"properties":[85,506],"stimulation":[87,138,222,247],"parameters":[88],"influence":[89,131],"efficacy.":[91],"Methods":[92],"A":[93],"conductance-based":[94],"computational":[95,437],"framework":[96],"was":[97,207,226],"used":[98],"model":[100,438],"space":[103,336],"interactions,":[104],"incorporating":[105],"ion-specific":[106],"photocurrents,":[107],"Na":[108,194],"+":[109,112,155,165,195,198],"/":[110,196],"K":[111,164,197],"-ATPase":[113,199],"activity,":[114,400,498],"gap":[116,215],"junction-mediated":[117],"coupling":[118,217,515],"within":[119],"syncytium.":[122],"Systematic":[123],"parameter":[124,191],"sweeps":[125],"were":[126],"performed":[127],"evaluate":[129],"selectivity,":[134],"parameters,":[136],"paradigms":[139],"dynamics.":[142,537],"Results":[143],"WiChR-based":[144],"consistently":[146],"produced":[147],"more":[148,289,468,487,502],"effective":[149],"robust":[151,469],"reductions":[152],"[K":[154],"]":[156],"e":[157],"than":[158,183,294],"*":[160,177],",":[161,236],"via":[162,393],"direct":[163,290,380],"inward":[166],"currents":[167,372,427,476],"reduced":[169,214],"dependence":[170],"pump":[172,497],"activity.":[173,200],"In":[174,482],"contrast,":[175,483],"primarily":[178],"limited":[179],"rather":[182],"reversing":[184],"it":[185,418],"exhibited":[187],"greater":[188],"sensitivity":[189],"variations,":[192],"particularly":[193],"dependent":[209],"syncytial":[211],"integrity,":[212],"with":[213,237,284,324,453,564],"junction":[216],"impairing":[218],"clearance.":[220,481],"Optimal":[221],"performance":[223],"WiChR":[225,256],"observed":[227],"pulse":[230],"repetition":[231],"period":[232],"20":[234],"ms":[235],"outcomes":[238],"determined":[239],"by":[240,343],"interaction":[242],"between":[243],"opsin":[244,451,457],"kinetics":[245],"parameters.":[248],"Conclusions":[249],"These":[250,524],"results":[251],"demonstrate":[252],"that":[253,390,461],"activation":[254,307],"can":[260,397],"reduce":[261,398],"levels":[264,356],"thereby":[266],"modulate":[267],"neuronal":[268,345],"excitability.":[269,346],"Ion":[270],"emerges":[272],"determinant":[276,519],"efficacy":[279],"at":[280],"level,":[283],"providing":[287],"reliable":[292],"approach":[293],"non-selective":[295,394,455],"alternatives.":[297],"Together,":[298],"these":[299,426],"findings":[300,525],"establish":[301],"mechanistic":[303,543],"basis":[304],"buffering":[311],"potential":[314],"suppression":[318],"other":[320],"neurological":[321],"disorders":[322,562],"associated":[323,563],"dysregulation.":[326],"AUTHOR":[327],"SUMMARY":[328],"Excessive":[329],"thought":[338],"contribute":[340,478],"seizures":[342],"increasing":[344],"Astrocytes":[347],"central":[350],"regulating":[353],"have":[358],"therefore":[359],"emerged":[360],"promising":[362,531],"targets":[363],"therapeutic":[365],"intervention.":[366],"Optogenetic":[367],"tools":[368],"enable":[369],"light-controlled":[370],"be":[374],"introduced":[375],"into":[376,545],"astrocytes,":[377],"potentially":[378],"enabling":[379],"homeostasis.":[384,567],"Previous":[385],"experimental":[386],"work":[387],"shown":[389],"cation":[395],"channels":[396],"but":[401],"recent":[403],"development":[404,556],"raises":[408],"possibility":[410],"directly":[412,477],"controlling":[413,534],"astrocyte-mediated":[414],"currents.":[416],"However,":[417],"remains":[419],"unclear":[420],"influences":[428],"their":[429],"ability":[430],"regulate":[432,548],"Using":[435],"we":[443],"compared":[444],"effects":[446],"activating":[448],"(ChR2-like).":[458],"We":[459,510],"found":[460],"produces":[464],"larger":[466],"reduction":[470],"because":[474],"ChR2-like":[484],"relies":[486],"indirect":[490],"mechanisms,":[491],"including":[492],"sodium":[493],"enhanced":[496],"making":[499],"its":[500],"sensitive":[503],"cellular":[505],"network":[508],"conditions.":[509],"also":[511],"identified":[512],"gap-junction":[514],"successful":[521],"regulation.":[523],"identify":[526],"tool":[532],"More":[538],"broadly,":[539],"this":[540],"provides":[542],"insight":[544],"brain":[549],"excitability":[550],"offers":[552],"guidance":[553],"future":[558],"strategies":[560],"targeting":[561],"disrupted":[565]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00"}