{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214647891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2026rw1868","title":"The utility of animal models in hiPSC-based studies of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review","display_name":"The utility of animal models in hiPSC-based studies of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214647891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2026rw1868","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42848640","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13682788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2026rw1868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2026rw1868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2026rw1868","pdf_url":"https://journal.einstein.br/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/2317-6385-eins-24-eRW1868/2317-6385-eins-24-eRW1868.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736489735","display_name":"Einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo)","issn_l":"1679-4508","issn":["1679-4508","2317-6385"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312581","host_organization_name":"Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312581"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.einstein.br/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/2317-6385-eins-24-eRW1868/2317-6385-eins-24-eRW1868.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040776671","display_name":"Bruno Yukio Yokota-Moreno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5741-9847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5741-9847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800288331","display_name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein","ror":"https://ror.org/04cwrbc27","country_code":"BR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800288331"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Yukio Yokota-Moreno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5741-9847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800288331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090180701","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Lu\u00edz Teles e Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4621-7742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4621-7742"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800288331","display_name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein","ror":"https://ror.org/04cwrbc27","country_code":"BR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800288331"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Luiz Teles e Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4621-7742","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein S\u00e3o Paulo SP Brazil Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800288331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098880716","display_name":"Isabella de Sousa N\u00f3brega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-015X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-015X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800288331","display_name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein","ror":"https://ror.org/04cwrbc27","country_code":"BR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800288331"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabella de Sousa N\u00f3brega","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-015X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800288331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092686349","display_name":"Lucas Barbosa Rossetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6993-9903","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6993-9903"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800288331","display_name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein","ror":"https://ror.org/04cwrbc27","country_code":"BR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800288331"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Barbosa Rossetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6993-9903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800288331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045790183","display_name":"Paulo C\u00e9sar Maiorka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4994-0082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4994-0082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo C\u00e9sar Maiorka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4994-0082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091327969","display_name":"Andrea Laurato Sertie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-0560","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-0560"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800288331","display_name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein","ror":"https://ror.org/04cwrbc27","country_code":"BR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800288331"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9a Laurato Serti\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-0560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800288331"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055083757","display_name":"Cl\u00e1udia Madalena Cabrera Mori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-240X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-240X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Madalena Cabrera Mori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-240X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055083757","https://openalex.org/A5091327969"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374","https://openalex.org/I2800288331"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53954802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":null,"first_page":"eRW1868","last_page":"eRW1868"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.6410999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.6410999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.14980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10505","display_name":"Pluripotent Stem Cells Research","score":0.133200004696846,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells","display_name":"human induced pluripotent stem cells","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-models","display_name":"animal models","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organoids","display_name":"organoids","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction-of-animal-use","display_name":"animal use reduction","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teratoma-assay","display_name":"teratoma assay","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocyte-neuron-co-culture","display_name":"astrocyte-neuron co-culture","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodevelopmental-disorders","display_name":"neurodevelopmental disorders","score":0.609000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4885999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.48579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778117688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264024","display_name":"Animal model","level":2,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067877","descriptor_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057026","descriptor_name":"Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2026rw1868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2026rw1868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2026rw1868","pdf_url":"https://journal.einstein.br/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/2317-6385-eins-24-eRW1868/2317-6385-eins-24-eRW1868.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736489735","display_name":"Einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo)","issn_l":"1679-4508","issn":["1679-4508","2317-6385"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312581","host_organization_name":"Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312581"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13682788","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13682788/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13682788/pdf/2317-6385-eins-24-eRW1868.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Einstein (Sao Paulo)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42848640","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42848640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9bee8dd18d3d4775b5b9cb7a5ce80808","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9bee8dd18d3d4775b5b9cb7a5ce80808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo), Vol 24 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2026rw1868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2026rw1868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2026rw1868","pdf_url":"https://journal.einstein.br/wp-content/uploads/articles_xml/2317-6385-eins-24-eRW1868/2317-6385-eins-24-eRW1868.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736489735","display_name":"Einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo)","issn_l":"1679-4508","issn":["1679-4508","2317-6385"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312581","host_organization_name":"Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312581"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214647891.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214647891.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553983967","https://openalex.org/W2018286352","https://openalex.org/W2098071232","https://openalex.org/W2125987139","https://openalex.org/W2228806471","https://openalex.org/W2345066662","https://openalex.org/W2406493898","https://openalex.org/W2461476914","https://openalex.org/W2622311208","https://openalex.org/W2763925266","https://openalex.org/W2790942511","https://openalex.org/W2801770351","https://openalex.org/W2802943395","https://openalex.org/W2890597376","https://openalex.org/W2895538826","https://openalex.org/W2899633401","https://openalex.org/W2914482125","https://openalex.org/W2921935747","https://openalex.org/W2922584262","https://openalex.org/W2946016273","https://openalex.org/W2949020598","https://openalex.org/W2949852486","https://openalex.org/W2952831623","https://openalex.org/W2955503846","https://openalex.org/W2964869621","https://openalex.org/W2965961249","https://openalex.org/W2970454553","https://openalex.org/W2980995354","https://openalex.org/W2987224075","https://openalex.org/W2998554651","https://openalex.org/W3007962915","https://openalex.org/W3008598040","https://openalex.org/W3023961382","https://openalex.org/W3039860914","https://openalex.org/W3047958094","https://openalex.org/W3083186483","https://openalex.org/W3091796246","https://openalex.org/W3096820589","https://openalex.org/W3117494630","https://openalex.org/W3126527983","https://openalex.org/W3131923730","https://openalex.org/W3143266259","https://openalex.org/W3177643145","https://openalex.org/W3186551751","https://openalex.org/W3187960528","https://openalex.org/W3210972128","https://openalex.org/W4200071554","https://openalex.org/W4213424827","https://openalex.org/W4214849391","https://openalex.org/W4220984954","https://openalex.org/W4221076770","https://openalex.org/W4221088095","https://openalex.org/W4247665917","https://openalex.org/W4282943222","https://openalex.org/W4283705147","https://openalex.org/W4289890449","https://openalex.org/W4291020531","https://openalex.org/W4293068416","https://openalex.org/W4293068820","https://openalex.org/W4297497818","https://openalex.org/W4306658416","https://openalex.org/W4309593277","https://openalex.org/W4311255514","https://openalex.org/W4316345124","https://openalex.org/W4319598515","https://openalex.org/W4322008792","https://openalex.org/W4360600181","https://openalex.org/W4376126552","https://openalex.org/W4376871558","https://openalex.org/W4385741485","https://openalex.org/W4390917226","https://openalex.org/W4392137122","https://openalex.org/W4396643532","https://openalex.org/W4399367213","https://openalex.org/W4399803176","https://openalex.org/W4402991162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095279640","https://openalex.org/W2112354804","https://openalex.org/W3019419021","https://openalex.org/W3161437199","https://openalex.org/W3105783393","https://openalex.org/W1833799144","https://openalex.org/W4381510354","https://openalex.org/W2156713401","https://openalex.org/W2923941317","https://openalex.org/W2923049081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Autism":[1,163],"spectrum":[2,39,59,93,142,164,187,211,260],"disorder":[3,60,165,188,212],"is":[4],"a":[5],"highly":[6],"prevalent":[7],"and":[8,17,34,105,123,132,140,151,223],"heritable":[9],"neurodevelopmental":[10],"condition.":[11],"To":[12,82],"investigate":[13,162],"its":[14],"pathogenesis,":[15],"genetic":[16,35],"non-genetic":[18],"animal":[19,26,69,79,189],"models":[20,51,190],"have":[21,52],"been":[22],"developed.":[23],"However,":[24],"no":[25],"model":[27],"can":[28],"fully":[29],"capture":[30],"the":[31,63,84,96,100,116,135,196,198,224,245],"human-specific":[32],"characteristics":[33],"complexity":[36],"of":[37,86,91,98,102,111,125,156,182,195,226,253,258],"autism":[38,58,92,186,210,259],"disorder.":[40,261],"In":[41],"this":[42,72],"context,":[43],"human":[44],"induced":[45],"pluripotent":[46,148],"stem":[47,149],"cell":[48],"(hiPSC)":[49],"derived":[50],"emerged":[53],"as":[54],"powerful":[55],"tools":[56],"in":[57,88,248,255],"research,":[61],"offering":[62],"potential":[64],"to":[65,108,161,191,208,219],"reduce":[66],"or":[67,176],"replace":[68],"experiments.":[70],"Despite":[71],"potential,":[73],"many":[74],"hiPSC-based":[75,89,256],"studies":[76,90,158,171,184,200,257],"still":[77],"incorporate":[78],"use.":[80],"OBJECTIVE:":[81],"analyze":[83],"use":[85,252],"animals":[87,175,202,254],"disorder,":[94,197],"with":[95,145,231],"aim":[97],"assessing":[99],"necessity":[101],"their":[103,106],"inclusion":[104],"contribution":[107],"our":[109],"understanding":[110,209],"disease":[112],"mechanisms.":[113],"METHODS:":[114],"Following":[115],"PRISMA":[117],"guidelines,":[118],"we":[119],"searched":[120],"PubMed,":[121],"Scopus,":[122],"Web":[124],"Science":[126],"for":[127,203,229],"articles":[128],"published":[129],"between":[130],"2009":[131],"2024":[133],"using":[134,159],"search":[136],"terms":[137],"\"autism\",":[138],"\"ASD\",":[139],"\"autism":[141],"disorder\"":[143],"combined":[144],"\"iPSC\",":[146],"\"induced":[147],"cells":[150],"\"organoid*\".":[152],"RESULTS:":[153],"A":[154],"total":[155],"207":[157],"hiPSCs":[160],"were":[166],"identified.":[167],"Of":[168],"these,":[169],"79":[170],"(38.16%)":[172],"also":[173],"involved":[174],"animal-derived":[177],"cells.":[178],"While":[179],"nearly":[180],"half":[181],"these":[183],"used":[185],"explore":[192],"neurobiological":[193],"mechanisms":[194],"remaining":[199],"employed":[201],"purposes":[204],"not":[205],"directly":[206],"related":[207],"pathophysiology.":[213],"These":[214],"included":[215],"teratoma":[216],"formation":[217],"assays":[218],"validate":[220],"hiPSC":[221],"pluripotency":[222],"extraction":[225],"primary":[227],"astrocytes":[228],"co-culture":[230],"hiPSC-derived":[232],"neurons,":[233],"an":[234],"approach":[235],"that":[236],"may":[237],"introduce":[238],"confounding":[239],"variables.":[240],"CONCLUSION:":[241],"Our":[242],"review":[243],"highlights":[244],"frequent":[246],"and,":[247],"some":[249],"cases,":[250],"unnecessary":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00"}
