{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214643735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-026-03331-w","title":"Accelerated discovery of thermostable mRNA\u2013lipid nanoparticle vaccines using data-efficient AI","display_name":"Accelerated discovery of thermostable mRNA\u2013lipid nanoparticle vaccines using data-efficient AI","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214643735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-026-03331-w","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42806112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41587-026-03331-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-026-03331-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-026-03331-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106963461","display_name":"Nature Biotechnology","issn_l":"0733-222X","issn":["0733-222X","1087-0156","1546-1696","2331-3684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-026-03331-w","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036427853","display_name":"Jinbi Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8684-2094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8684-2094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039253","display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd6q208","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinbi Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057514749","display_name":"Khanh T. M. Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-4068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-4068"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039253","display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd6q208","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khanh T. M. Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-4068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059282381","display_name":"Brett H. Pogostin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1462-4442","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1462-4442"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039253","display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd6q208","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett H. Pogostin","raw_affiliation_strings":["David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020528834","display_name":"Olivia Sheridan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039253","display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd6q208","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivia Sheridan","raw_affiliation_strings":["David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120260366","display_name":"Sevinj Mursalova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039253","display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd6q208","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sevinj Mursalova","raw_affiliation_strings":["David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153236807","display_name":"Amy H. Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039253","display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd6q208","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy H. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152232712","display_name":"Shuai Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039253","display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd6q208","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146019852","display_name":"Jaya Hamkins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039253","display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd6q208","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaya Hamkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106681095","display_name":"Daniel Antov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7301-7212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7301-7212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Antov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7301-7212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152240952","display_name":"Alana L. Power","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alana L. Power","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092450611","display_name":"Zane S. Dash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7536-9622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7536-9622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039253","display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd6q208","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zane S. Dash","raw_affiliation_strings":["David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077354679","display_name":"Dong Soo Yun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-1613","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-1613"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039253","display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd6q208","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsoo Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-1613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026996925","display_name":"Mina Konakovi\u0107 Lukovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2895-0206","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2895-0206"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mina Konakovi\u0107 Lukovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2895-0206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042597057","display_name":"R\u00f3bert Langer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-0492","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-0492","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5746-9940"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039253","display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd6q208","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert S. Langer","raw_affiliation_strings":["David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. rlanger@mit.edu","Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. rlanger@mit.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-0492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. rlanger@mit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. rlanger@mit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069229817","display_name":"Ana Jaklenec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-0538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-0538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039253","display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd6q208","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ana Jaklenec","raw_affiliation_strings":["David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. jaklenec@mit.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-0538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. jaklenec@mit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042597057","https://openalex.org/A5069229817"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4390039253","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"fwci":2.9209,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92585929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10725","display_name":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10725","display_name":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":0.014000000432133675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.010900000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mrna-vaccines","display_name":"mRNA vaccines","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-nanoparticles","display_name":"lipid nanoparticles","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microneedle-patch","display_name":"microneedle patch","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-optimization","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-throughput-screening","display_name":"high-throughput screening","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-delivery","display_name":"vaccine delivery","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutralizing-antibodies","display_name":"neutralizing antibodies","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germinal-center-b-cells","display_name":"germinal center B cells","score":0.6880000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781216036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902494","display_name":"Thermostability","level":3,"score":0.8964999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.61080002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5273000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.5058000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.39329999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53105671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14777816","display_name":"Rational design","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1318750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865663","display_name":"Biocompatible material","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988375501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847556","display_name":"Protein stability","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777521759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61186","display_name":"Microparticle","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18150654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17153796","display_name":"Nanocarriers","level":3,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781047461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679692","display_name":"Biopharmaceutical","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41587-026-03331-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-026-03331-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-026-03331-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106963461","display_name":"Nature Biotechnology","issn_l":"0733-222X","issn":["0733-222X","1087-0156","1546-1696","2331-3684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.17.752370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.17.752370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.17.752370","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/18/2026.09.17.752370.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:42806112","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42806112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature biotechnology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41587-026-03331-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-026-03331-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-026-03331-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106963461","display_name":"Nature Biotechnology","issn_l":"0733-222X","issn":["0733-222X","1087-0156","1546-1696","2331-3684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2197003180","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology - To develop new formulation techniques to encapsulate mRNA into PLGA particles to create the next generation of single injection mRNA vaccines for t...","funder_award_id":"INV-061250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","funder_display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6687462672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SCR_018674","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316943","funder_display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316943","display_name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xd6q208"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214643735.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214643735.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985668850","https://openalex.org/W2000136129","https://openalex.org/W2126020016","https://openalex.org/W2192203593","https://openalex.org/W2273267066","https://openalex.org/W2288585821","https://openalex.org/W2409984077","https://openalex.org/W2564551688","https://openalex.org/W2756953478","https://openalex.org/W2774359469","https://openalex.org/W2921179159","https://openalex.org/W2990482336","https://openalex.org/W3015140168","https://openalex.org/W3038033367","https://openalex.org/W3042036888","https://openalex.org/W3110973116","https://openalex.org/W3111255098","https://openalex.org/W3113734454","https://openalex.org/W3138708387","https://openalex.org/W3148255637","https://openalex.org/W3177216517","https://openalex.org/W3199720963","https://openalex.org/W3215296623","https://openalex.org/W3216953018","https://openalex.org/W4200604201","https://openalex.org/W4210741764","https://openalex.org/W4229452462","https://openalex.org/W4281258237","https://openalex.org/W4308293505","https://openalex.org/W4308834995","https://openalex.org/W4310553113","https://openalex.org/W4317716324","https://openalex.org/W4317889665","https://openalex.org/W4317889678","https://openalex.org/W4362570053","https://openalex.org/W4366824082","https://openalex.org/W4376272836","https://openalex.org/W4387526062","https://openalex.org/W4387866145","https://openalex.org/W4388591165","https://openalex.org/W4388824146","https://openalex.org/W4393203567","https://openalex.org/W4401059285","https://openalex.org/W4401103334","https://openalex.org/W4406098379","https://openalex.org/W4406633314","https://openalex.org/W4410975532","https://openalex.org/W4413101244","https://openalex.org/W4413922320","https://openalex.org/W7172060023"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213646000","https://openalex.org/W7214673205","https://openalex.org/W7223292127","https://openalex.org/W4416934849","https://openalex.org/W4416407113","https://openalex.org/W7125600069","https://openalex.org/W4393203567","https://openalex.org/W4214650721","https://openalex.org/W7134913675","https://openalex.org/W7203498574"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,157,180],"inherent":[2],"instability":[3],"of":[4,93,99,207,219,222],"mRNA-lipid":[5],"nanoparticles":[6],"(LNPs)":[7],"necessitates":[8],"ultra-cold":[9],"storage,":[10],"creating":[11],"significant":[12],"barriers":[13],"for":[14,71,153,231,247],"global":[15,232],"distribution":[16],"and":[17,36,60,101,163,190,194,238],"limiting":[18],"their":[19],"broader":[20],"application":[21],"in":[22,119,138],"advanced":[23],"delivery":[24,41,206,239],"systems.":[25],"Solid-state,":[26],"water-free":[27],"formulations":[28,144,182],"offer":[29],"a":[30,227,243],"promising":[31],"solution":[32,230],"by":[33,56,175],"enhancing":[34],"thermostability":[35],"enabling":[37,115],"integration":[38],"into":[39,141,186],"emerging":[40],"modalities":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44],"microneedle":[45],"(MN)":[46],"patches.":[47],"Prior":[48],"efforts":[49],"to":[50,85,172,192,203],"stabilize":[51],"mRNA-LNPs":[52],"have":[53],"been":[54],"constrained":[55],"narrow":[57],"formulation":[58,95,117],"scope":[59],"low-throughput":[61],"screening":[62,100],"methods.":[63],"Here,":[64],"we":[65,129],"introduce":[66],"AGENT":[67,107,241],"(Algorithm-Guided":[68],"Experimental":[69],"design":[70,221],"lipid":[72],"Nanoparticle":[73],"Thermostabilization),":[74],"an":[75],"AI-driven":[76,220],"framework":[77],"that":[78,145,169],"couples":[79],"high-throughput":[80],"experimentation":[81],"with":[82,133],"Bayesian":[83],"optimization":[84,118],"rapidly":[86],"identify":[87],"thermostable":[88,158,223],"mRNA-LNP":[89],"formulations.":[90],"Manual":[91],"exploration":[92],"the":[94,216],"space":[96],"required":[97],"months":[98],"yielded":[102],"suboptimal":[103],"candidates.":[104],"In":[105],"contrast,":[106],"extracted":[108],"maximal":[109],"information":[110],"from":[111],"sparse":[112],"experimental":[113],"datasets,":[114],"efficient":[116],"only":[120],"six":[121],"iterations":[122],"completed":[123],"within":[124],"one":[125],"month.":[126],"Using":[127],"AGENT,":[128],"stabilized":[130],"mRNA":[131],"vaccines":[132,159],"diverse":[134],"LNPs,":[135],"including":[136],"those":[137,173],"clinical":[139],"use,":[140],"solid":[142],"state":[143],"retained":[146],"100%":[147],"bioactivity":[148],"after":[149],"storage":[150],"at":[151],"37\u00b0C":[152],"over":[154],"two":[155],"months.":[156],"induced":[160],"antigen-specific":[161],"IgG":[162],"germinal":[164],"center":[165],"B":[166],"cell":[167],"responses":[168],"were":[170,183],"non-inferior":[171],"elicited":[174],"freshly":[176],"prepared":[177],"soluble":[178],"vaccines.":[179,209],"solid-state":[181],"further":[184],"incorporated":[185],"dissolvable":[187],"MN":[188],"patches":[189],"administered":[191],"rodents":[193],"nonhuman":[195],"primates,":[196],"yielding":[197],"comparable":[198],"neutralizing":[199],"antibody":[200],"titers":[201],"compared":[202],"conventional":[204],"intramuscular":[205],"fresh":[208],"To":[210],"our":[211],"knowledge,":[212],"this":[213],"study":[214],"presents":[215],"first":[217],"demonstration":[218],"RNA":[224],"vaccines,":[225],"offering":[226],"scalable,":[228],"cold-chain-free":[229],"immunization.":[233],"By":[234],"addressing":[235],"both":[236],"stability":[237],"challenges,":[240],"provides":[242],"potentially":[244],"transformative":[245],"platform":[246],"developing":[248],"accessible":[249],"next-generation":[250],"therapeutics.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00"}
