{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214640248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.30917","title":"Convolutional non-parametric Gamma-Ray Signal and Background Separation","display_name":"Convolutional non-parametric Gamma-Ray Signal and Background Separation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214640248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.30917"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.30917","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30917","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30917","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30917","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153238200","display_name":"Scarlet Betterman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091234","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00cybsr61","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I165779595","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210091234","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259444","display_name":"Adelaide University","ror":"https://ror.org/028g18b61","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Betterman, Scarlet","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics & CSSM , Department of Physics , Adelaide University , Adelaide , SA 5005 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics & CSSM , Department of Physics , Adelaide University , Adelaide , SA 5005 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091234","https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105878493","display_name":"E. Moulin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4007-0145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4007-0145"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801360556","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv25t22","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2801360556","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165232","display_name":"Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers","ror":"https://ror.org/05k705z76","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I4210165232"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moulin, Emmanuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Irfu , CEA Saclay , Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Irfu , CEA Saclay , Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2801360556","https://openalex.org/I4210165232"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153336928","display_name":"Martin White","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091234","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00cybsr61","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I165779595","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210091234","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259444","display_name":"Adelaide University","ror":"https://ror.org/028g18b61","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"White, Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics & CSSM , Department of Physics , Adelaide University , Adelaide , SA 5005 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics & CSSM , Department of Physics , Adelaide University , Adelaide , SA 5005 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091234","https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11090","display_name":"Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11323","display_name":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-background-separation","display_name":"signal-background separation","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-high-energy-gamma-ray-astronomy","display_name":"very high energy gamma-ray astronomy","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variational-autoencoder","display_name":"variational autoencoder","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-autoencoder","display_name":"convolutional autoencoder","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-ray-background","display_name":"cosmic ray background","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-matter-annihilation","display_name":"dark matter annihilation","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crab-nebula","display_name":"Crab Nebula","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/msh-15-52","display_name":"MSH 15-52","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-e-s-s","display_name":"H.E.S.S.","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-denoising","display_name":"image denoising","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-source-detection","display_name":"point source detection","score":0.3889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.7019000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6133000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5755000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5734999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4287000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94727143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485394","display_name":"Analytic signal","level":4,"score":0.40720000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.3824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70958404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512728","display_name":"Signal reconstruction","level":4,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201941533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188721","display_name":"Annihilation","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18015164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935000","display_name":"Multiplicative noise","level":5,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131021393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512759","display_name":"Signal transfer function","level":4,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.30917","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30917","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30917","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05781964v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05781964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.30917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.30917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.30917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.30917","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30917","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30917","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214640248.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214640248.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W1987772004","https://openalex.org/W1989222787"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400340428","https://openalex.org/W3182208136","https://openalex.org/W3094533970","https://openalex.org/W4394639536","https://openalex.org/W2574824948","https://openalex.org/W4414452015","https://openalex.org/W2187781597","https://openalex.org/W6964722754","https://openalex.org/W3109486980","https://openalex.org/W4388798334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,71],"very-high-energy":[1],"gamma-ray":[2],"astronomy,":[3],"signals":[4],"must":[5],"be":[6,94],"separated":[7],"from":[8,14,132],"the":[9,43,50,59,64,68,82,89,97,103,119,126,133,145,161],"residual":[10],"background":[11,148],"which":[12,79],"arises":[13],"misidentified":[15],"cosmic-ray":[16],"protons.":[17],"Building":[18],"on":[19,105],"previous":[20],"work,":[21],"we":[22,73],"introduce":[23],"an":[24,106],"ensemble":[25],"of":[26,42,58,61,67,78,81,99,114,125,142],"variational":[27],"autoencoders":[28],"that":[29,39],"aims":[30],"to":[31,93],"perform":[32],"automatic":[33],"signal-background":[34],"separation":[35],"with":[36,54],"minimal":[37],"assumptions":[38],"include":[40],"separability":[41],"spatial":[44],"and":[45,52,122,129,147,165],"energy":[46],"distributions":[47],"in":[48,96,118,155],"both":[49],"signal":[51,69,90,146],"background,":[53],"no":[55],"prior":[56],"specification":[57],"number":[60],"components":[62],"or":[63,87],"point-like/diffuse":[65],"nature":[66],"itself.":[70],"addition,":[72],"do":[74],"not":[75],"assume":[76],"knowledge":[77],"region":[80],"coordinate":[83],"space":[84],"is":[85,91],"background-dominated":[86],"where":[88],"supposed":[92],"located":[95],"field":[98],"view.":[100],"We":[101],"test":[102],"model":[104,139],"analytic":[107],"point-source":[108],"mixture":[109],"scenario,":[110],"a":[111,150],"realistic":[112],"simulation":[113],"dark":[115],"matter":[116],"annihilation":[117],"Galactic":[120],"centre,":[121],"real":[123],"observations":[124],"Crab":[127],"nebula":[128],"MSH":[130],"15-52":[131],"public":[134],"H.E.S.S":[135],"data":[136],"release.":[137],"The":[138],"proves":[140],"capable":[141],"completely":[143],"reconstructing":[144],"at":[149],"pixel":[151,153],"by":[152],"level":[154],"all":[156],"scenarios,":[157],"whilst":[158],"also":[159],"denoising":[160],"inputs.":[162],"Stable":[163],"performance":[164],"reasonable":[166],"error":[167],"estimates":[168],"are":[169],"obtained":[170],"even":[171],"for":[172],"low":[173],"signal-to-background":[174],"ratios.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00"}
