{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214615742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15191714","title":"Systems-Level Transcriptomic and Cellular Architecture of the Human Striatum in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Psychosis","display_name":"Systems-Level Transcriptomic and Cellular Architecture of the Human Striatum in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Psychosis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214615742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15191714","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42883387","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13663597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/biology15191714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15191714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15191714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153489431","display_name":"Biology","issn_l":"2079-7737","issn":["2079-7737"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15191714","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102453858","display_name":"Wei-Hung Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5514-8932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5514-8932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293718874","display_name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/007h4qe29","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293718874"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Hung Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan","Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei City 114202, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5514-8932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei City 114202, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293718874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040799972","display_name":"Shih-Ming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-9580","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-9580"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Ming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, College of Biomedical Sciences, National Defense Medical University, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, College of Biomedical Sciences, National Defense Medical University, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153271306","display_name":"Hui-Chen Su","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136334","display_name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02y2htg06","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136334"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui-Chen Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City 710402, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City 710402, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136334"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089356698","display_name":"Yi\u2010Lin Chiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1827-6924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1827-6924"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Lin Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, College of Biomedical Sciences, National Defense Medical University, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1827-6924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, College of Biomedical Sciences, National Defense Medical University, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089356698","https://openalex.org/A5153271306"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136334"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71608923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"19","first_page":"1714","last_page":"1714"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10854","display_name":"Bipolar Disorder and Treatment","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/striatum","display_name":"striatum","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleus-accumbens","display_name":"nucleus accumbens","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caudate-nucleus","display_name":"caudate nucleus","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/putamen","display_name":"putamen","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-of-origin-deconvolution","display_name":"cell of origin deconvolution","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oligodendrocyte-lineage","display_name":"oligodendrocyte lineage","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/app-processing","display_name":"APP processing","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dorsal-striatum","display_name":"dorsal striatum","score":0.6549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7616000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779714222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550934","display_name":"Putamen","level":2,"score":0.6970999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781423529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132309","display_name":"Caudate nucleus","level":2,"score":0.6626999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6553999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.6463000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780062018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319792","display_name":"Striatum","level":3,"score":0.6164000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170082","display_name":"Psychosis","level":2,"score":0.5095999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar disorder","level":3,"score":0.44040000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.4368000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476178","display_name":"Nucleus accumbens","level":3,"score":0.4016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174576160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1183700","display_name":"Deconvolution","level":2,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779246727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184215","display_name":"Thalamus","level":2,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780723820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934178","display_name":"Nucleus","level":2,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777670902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492038","display_name":"Human brain","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778187257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464210","display_name":"Basal ganglia","level":3,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106208931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098876","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","level":5,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/biology15191714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15191714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15191714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153489431","display_name":"Biology","issn_l":"2079-7737","issn":["2079-7737"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13663597","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13663597/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13663597/pdf/biology-15-01714.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biology (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42883387","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42883387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:204e083f90a34e3da60078eeff3ccfe4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/204e083f90a34e3da60078eeff3ccfe4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Biology, Vol 15, Iss 19, p 1714 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/biology15191714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15191714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15191714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153489431","display_name":"Biology","issn_l":"2079-7737","issn":["2079-7737"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7411762985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TSGH_E_115270","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326425","funder_display_name":"Tri-Service General Hospital"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000375540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CMNDMC11001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323969","funder_display_name":"Chi Mei Medical Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323969","display_name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02y2htg06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326425","display_name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/007h4qe29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336724","display_name":"Medical Affairs Bureau","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214615742.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214615742.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553758505","https://openalex.org/W1964895626","https://openalex.org/W1985987855","https://openalex.org/W1986661830","https://openalex.org/W1996667483","https://openalex.org/W2009488399","https://openalex.org/W2010643559","https://openalex.org/W2036492209","https://openalex.org/W2039521726","https://openalex.org/W2070305966","https://openalex.org/W2112220625","https://openalex.org/W2114104545","https://openalex.org/W2122982115","https://openalex.org/W2137526110","https://openalex.org/W2139852368","https://openalex.org/W2142415307","https://openalex.org/W2146512944","https://openalex.org/W2162421104","https://openalex.org/W2214074259","https://openalex.org/W2296314694","https://openalex.org/W2298055498","https://openalex.org/W2337092408","https://openalex.org/W2442768873","https://openalex.org/W2507610598","https://openalex.org/W2605229048","https://openalex.org/W2806195288","https://openalex.org/W2810870348","https://openalex.org/W2886364509","https://openalex.org/W2907104950","https://openalex.org/W2913588197","https://openalex.org/W2925184855","https://openalex.org/W2944431228","https://openalex.org/W2951325776","https://openalex.org/W2952240309","https://openalex.org/W3006421950","https://openalex.org/W3011200744","https://openalex.org/W3048726774","https://openalex.org/W3090836496","https://openalex.org/W3185587603","https://openalex.org/W3203631316","https://openalex.org/W3205088119","https://openalex.org/W4205209112","https://openalex.org/W4220951246","https://openalex.org/W4223440179","https://openalex.org/W4224145562","https://openalex.org/W4226377979","https://openalex.org/W4289261763","https://openalex.org/W4290612536","https://openalex.org/W4291237996","https://openalex.org/W4293162934","https://openalex.org/W4307851720","https://openalex.org/W4308930432","https://openalex.org/W4310787119","https://openalex.org/W4324145886","https://openalex.org/W4387568450","https://openalex.org/W4390619156","https://openalex.org/W4398250227","https://openalex.org/W4399331342","https://openalex.org/W4401098520","https://openalex.org/W4403050583","https://openalex.org/W4411068134","https://openalex.org/W7134135627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411068134","https://openalex.org/W4409294506","https://openalex.org/W2946823918","https://openalex.org/W4399194803","https://openalex.org/W4396238278","https://openalex.org/W3106747081","https://openalex.org/W2953330634","https://openalex.org/W2900127924","https://openalex.org/W2467259862","https://openalex.org/W7202099394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Psychosis":[0],"involves":[1],"striatal":[2,129],"circuit":[3],"dysfunction,":[4],"but":[5],"the":[6,32,68,74,96,164],"regional":[7],"molecular":[8],"and":[9,36,45,60,72,98,121,166,176,189,192],"cellular":[10,49],"changes":[11,42],"remain":[12],"unclear.":[13],"We":[14],"re-analyzed":[15],"215":[16],"postmortem":[17],"RNA-seq":[18],"samples":[19,132],"(72":[20],"donors:":[21],"36":[22],"controls,":[23],"28":[24],"schizophrenia,":[25],"8":[26],"bipolar":[27],"disorder":[28],"with":[29,81,135],"psychosis)":[30],"from":[31,133],"nucleus":[33,69,101],"accumbens,":[34,70],"caudate":[35,71,97,165],"putamen,":[37,99],"asking":[38],"whether":[39,46],"diagnosis-associated":[40],"transcriptional":[41,188],"are":[43],"region-specific":[44],"they":[47],"reflect":[48],"composition":[50],"or":[51],"cell-intrinsic":[52],"state.":[53],"Region-specific":[54],"limma-voom":[55],"models":[56],"identified":[57],"0,":[58],"141":[59],"2152":[61],"schizophrenia-associated":[62,187],"genes":[63],"(FDR":[64],"<":[65],"0.10)":[66],"in":[67,95,163],"putamen;":[73],"small":[75],"bipolar-psychosis":[76],"group":[77],"yielded":[78],"one":[79],"gene,":[80],"limited":[82],"power":[83],"to":[84,107,146],"detect":[85],"additional":[86],"associations.":[87],"Correlation-aware":[88],"camera":[89],"tests":[90],"supported":[91,162],"immune-inflammatory":[92],"Hallmark":[93],"programs":[94],"whereas":[100,144],"accumbens":[102],"signals":[103],"were":[104,177],"not":[105],"robust":[106],"sequencing-run":[108],"adjustment.":[109],"Leukocyte-reference":[110],"deconvolution":[111,119],"was":[112,151],"uninformative":[113],"for":[114,196],"brain":[115],"parenchyma.":[116],"Across":[117],"four":[118],"estimators":[120],"two":[122],"single-nucleus":[123],"references,":[124],"including":[125],"an":[126],"independent":[127,197],"eight-donor":[128],"reference,":[130],"putamen":[131,167],"donors":[134],"schizophrenia":[136],"showed":[137],"a":[138,185],"consistently":[139],"lower":[140],"oligodendrocyte-lineage":[141],"reference":[142],"weight,":[143],"attribution":[145],"oligodendrocyte":[147],"precursor":[148],"cells":[149],"specifically":[150],"method-dependent.":[152],"Exploratory":[153],"directional":[154],"signatures":[155],"(dopamine-adenosine,":[156],"glutamate-calcium,":[157],"Activin-SMAD,":[158],"APP":[159],"processing)":[160],"remained":[161],"after":[168],"direction-selection":[169],"permutation":[170],"conditional":[171],"on":[172],"fixed":[173],"gene":[174],"membership":[175],"driven":[178],"mainly":[179],"by":[180],"schizophrenia.":[181],"The":[182],"results":[183],"characterize":[184],"dorsal-striatal,":[186],"oligodendroglial":[190],"signal":[191],"provide":[193],"prioritized":[194],"hypotheses":[195],"validation.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00"}