{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214612866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.754671","title":"Viral infection and virophage co-infection induce distinct remodeling of host lipidome","display_name":"Viral infection and virophage co-infection induce distinct remodeling of host lipidome","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214612866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.754671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.28.754671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.754671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.754671","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/28/2026.09.28.754671.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/28/2026.09.28.754671.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005850438","display_name":"Guy Schleyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-9356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-9356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107283","display_name":"Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gntjh03","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800991832","https://openalex.org/I4210107283","https://openalex.org/I4405262988"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guy Schleyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-9356","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045578421","display_name":"Max Emil Sch\u00f6n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-4173","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-4173"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087042","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/000bxzc63","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210087042"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max Emil Sch\u00f6n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-4173","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066230640","display_name":"Christian Hertweck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0367-337X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0367-337X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162077","display_name":"Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie e. V. - Hans-Kn\u00f6ll-Institut (HKI)","ror":"https://ror.org/055s37c97","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210162077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Hertweck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany","Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0367-337X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080341519","display_name":"Matthias Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4014-3626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4014-3626"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103014","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology","ror":"https://ror.org/02385fa51","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210103014"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias G. Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Protist Virology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4014-3626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Protist Virology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103014"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005850438"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107283"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":0.9003999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":0.9003999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11844","display_name":"Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis","score":0.04349999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13220","display_name":"Plant and Fungal Interactions Research","score":0.016499999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virophages","display_name":"virophages","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/giant-viruses","display_name":"giant viruses","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/furan-fatty-acids","display_name":"furan fatty acids","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triglycerides","display_name":"triglycerides","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betaine-lipids","display_name":"betaine lipids","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-infection","display_name":"viral infection","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-host-interactions","display_name":"host-virus interaction","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-production","display_name":"virus production","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780241833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6556375","display_name":"Lipidome","level":3,"score":0.6553999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6233000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994541485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978","display_name":"Viral infection","level":3,"score":0.41839998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140704245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202","display_name":"Viral replication","level":3,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6840469","display_name":"Microvesicles","level":4,"score":0.26179999113082886}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.28.754671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.754671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.754671","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/28/2026.09.28.754671.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21872556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21872556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21872556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.21872557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21872557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21872557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.28.754671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.754671","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.28.754671","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/09/28/2026.09.28.754671.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214612866.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214612866.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402664770","https://openalex.org/W4415021786","https://openalex.org/W7128537034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989312460","https://openalex.org/W2976779679","https://openalex.org/W2964852588","https://openalex.org/W2897609952","https://openalex.org/W7162199573","https://openalex.org/W4392502806","https://openalex.org/W4394890005","https://openalex.org/W3025916769","https://openalex.org/W4405228769","https://openalex.org/W3106908642"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Virophages":[1],"are":[2,16],"small":[3],"double-stranded":[4],"DNA":[5],"viruses":[6,42],"that":[7,118,137,201,221],"co-infect":[8],"eukaryotic":[9],"cells":[10,141],"along":[11],"with":[12,166,209],"giant":[13,38,99,122,156,197,211,225],"viruses.":[14],"They":[15],"widespread":[17],"in":[18,74,154,195],"aquatic":[19],"ecosystems":[20],"and":[21,102,113,142,173,214,243],"can":[22],"influence":[23],"microbial":[24],"population":[25],"dynamics":[26],"by":[27,61,120,177],"acting":[28],"as":[29],"an":[30],"adaptive":[31],"antiviral":[32],"defense":[33],"system,":[34],"limiting":[35],"production":[36,213,242],"of":[37,81,90,134,180,187,228],"virus":[39,100,123,157,163,198,212,241],"progeny.":[40],"Giant":[41],"extensively":[43],"reprogram":[44],"host":[45,230],"metabolism":[46],"to":[47,106,162],"support":[48],"their":[49,160,202,238],"replication,":[50],"yet":[51],"little":[52],"is":[53,59],"known":[54],"about":[55],"how":[56],"this":[57],"process":[58],"altered":[60,210],"virophages.":[62],"Characterizing":[63],"these":[64,218],"alterations":[65],"may":[66,138,206],"reveal":[67],"the":[68,82,91,103,121,167,170,181,188,196,229],"metabolic":[69,235],"mechanisms":[70],"underlying":[71],"virophage-mediated":[72],"changes":[73],"infection":[75,112,119,244],"outcomes.":[76,245],"Here,":[77],"we":[78],"used":[79],"one":[80],"few":[83],"established":[84],"host\u2013giant":[85],"virus\u2013virophage":[86],"experimental":[87],"systems,":[88],"consisting":[89],"marine":[92],"heterotrophic":[93],"flagellate":[94],"Cafeteria":[95],"burkhardae":[96],",":[97],"its":[98],"CroV,":[101],"virophage":[104,114,168,222],"mavirus,":[105],"investigate":[107],"lipid":[108,183,215],"remodeling":[109,227],"during":[110,204],"viral":[111],"co-infection.":[115],"We":[116],"found":[117],"strongly":[124],"induced":[125,189],"triacylglycerols":[126],"containing":[127],"furan":[128],"fatty":[129],"acids":[130],"(FuFAs),":[131],"a":[132,233],"class":[133],"potent":[135],"antioxidants":[136],"protect":[139],"infected":[140],"newly":[143],"formed":[144],"virions":[145],"from":[146],"oxidative":[147],"damage.":[148],"These":[149],"lipids":[150],"were":[151,192],"also":[152,193],"detected":[153],"purified":[155],"particles,":[158,199],"linking":[159],"accumulation":[161,179,203],"production.":[164],"Co-infection":[165],"reduced":[169],"FuFA":[171],"response":[172],"was":[174],"instead":[175],"characterized":[176],"pronounced":[178],"betaine":[182],"diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine":[184],"(DGTS).":[185],"Most":[186],"DGTS":[190],"species":[191],"present":[194],"suggesting":[200],"co-infection":[205,223],"be":[207],"associated":[208],"utilization.":[216],"Together,":[217],"findings":[219],"show":[220],"reshapes":[224],"virus-induced":[226],"lipidome,":[231],"revealing":[232],"potential":[234],"basis":[236],"for":[237],"effects":[239],"on":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00"}