{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214599246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198641","title":"Y-Chromosomal Variation in Uyghurs from Kazakhstan Reveals High Paternal Diversity and Close Affinity with Xinjiang Uyghurs","display_name":"Y-Chromosomal Variation in Uyghurs from Kazakhstan Reveals High Paternal Diversity and Close Affinity with Xinjiang Uyghurs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214599246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198641","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42883888","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13665312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27198641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198641","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073013601","display_name":"Maxat K. Zhabagin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3414-0610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3414-0610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101002","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xhcc696","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101002"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maxat Zhabagin","raw_affiliation_strings":["DNK Shejire LLP, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3414-0610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DNK Shejire LLP, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093899285","display_name":"Alizhan Bukayev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5637-1435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5637-1435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101002","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xhcc696","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101002"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alizhan Bukayev","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5637-1435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128798282","display_name":"Ayagoz Mailenova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1122-365X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1122-365X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101002","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xhcc696","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101002"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayagoz Mailenova","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068588041","display_name":"Aigul Zhunussova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3569-0569","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3569-0569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101002","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xhcc696","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101002"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aigul Zhunussova","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014277990","display_name":"Zhanargul Dyussenova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-1810","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-1810"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101002","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xhcc696","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101002"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanargul Dyussenova","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038047025","display_name":"Almas Toxanbayev","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Almas Toxanbayev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133318486","display_name":"Zhaxylyk Sabitov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-156X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-156X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaxylyk Sabitov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kazak Historical Society, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kazak Historical Society, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073013601"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101002"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63916374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"19","first_page":"8641","last_page":"8641"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uyghurs","display_name":"Uyghurs","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/y-chromosome","display_name":"Y chromosome","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/y-str-haplotypes","display_name":"Y-STR haplotypes","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haplotype-diversity","display_name":"haplotype diversity","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/j2","display_name":"J2","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c2","display_name":"C2","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/o2","display_name":"O2","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kazakhstan","display_name":"Kazakhstan","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xinjiang","display_name":"Xinjiang","score":0.875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197754878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80711","display_name":"Haplotype","level":4,"score":0.8690999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201526758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80686","display_name":"Haplogroup","level":5,"score":0.6722999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781297163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9252","display_name":"Kazakh","level":2,"score":0.6128000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.583899974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81977670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585259","display_name":"Genetic diversity","level":3,"score":0.46129998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91682802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620538","display_name":"Multidimensional scaling","level":2,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017485454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27275","display_name":"Central asia","level":2,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993807623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genetic data","level":3,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81566733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047544","display_name":"Hypervariable region","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40583040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502105","display_name":"Human genetic variation","level":5,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85721925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31151","display_name":"Population genetics","level":3,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37463918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387981","display_name":"Allele frequency","level":4,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000094850","descriptor_name":"Central Asian People","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005828","descriptor_name":"Genetics, Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006239","descriptor_name":"Haplotypes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007623","descriptor_name":"Kazakhstan","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010802","descriptor_name":"Phylogeny","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018895","descriptor_name":"Microsatellite Repeats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020641","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041322","descriptor_name":"Chromosomes, Human, Y","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27198641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13665312","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13665312/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13665312/pdf/ijms-27-08641.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Mol Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42883888","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42883888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of molecular sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27198641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27198641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4162953165","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/05tyne317"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214599246.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214599246.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1919772617","https://openalex.org/W1945441286","https://openalex.org/W1963999112","https://openalex.org/W1973192023","https://openalex.org/W1988875256","https://openalex.org/W1990074132","https://openalex.org/W1997472126","https://openalex.org/W2086752671","https://openalex.org/W2096420865","https://openalex.org/W2102369068","https://openalex.org/W2106157205","https://openalex.org/W2121145909","https://openalex.org/W2161334993","https://openalex.org/W2414649457","https://openalex.org/W2596362587","https://openalex.org/W2617653607","https://openalex.org/W2623034880","https://openalex.org/W2735250610","https://openalex.org/W2780993197","https://openalex.org/W2790037793","https://openalex.org/W2803498404","https://openalex.org/W3016602188","https://openalex.org/W3033048728","https://openalex.org/W3043556245","https://openalex.org/W3174448936","https://openalex.org/W3209071234","https://openalex.org/W4200577414","https://openalex.org/W4210855320","https://openalex.org/W4221109986","https://openalex.org/W4303685823","https://openalex.org/W4303946413","https://openalex.org/W4317358906","https://openalex.org/W4387971097","https://openalex.org/W4391717697","https://openalex.org/W4400053438","https://openalex.org/W4400984059","https://openalex.org/W4402220525","https://openalex.org/W4404437846","https://openalex.org/W4415261120","https://openalex.org/W7130549537","https://openalex.org/W7153267208","https://openalex.org/W7154510262","https://openalex.org/W7160282715","https://openalex.org/W7161955612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160282715","https://openalex.org/W2143487105","https://openalex.org/W2342307342","https://openalex.org/W2981770655","https://openalex.org/W1988875256","https://openalex.org/W4410882541","https://openalex.org/W4400984059","https://openalex.org/W4210855320","https://openalex.org/W2348870016","https://openalex.org/W2414649457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Y-chromosomal":[0],"reference":[1,193],"data":[2],"from":[3,30,57,98],"Uyghur":[4,28,51,163,168],"communities":[5],"outside":[6],"China":[7],"remain":[8],"limited,":[9],"although":[10],"these":[11,140],"populations":[12,56,169],"are":[13],"central":[14],"to":[15],"understanding":[16],"paternal":[17,90,204],"genetic":[18],"structure":[19],"in":[20],"Central":[21,54,202],"Asia.":[22],"We":[23],"analysed":[24],"596":[25],"reportedly":[26],"unrelated":[27],"males":[29],"four":[31],"regions":[32],"of":[33],"southeastern":[34],"Kazakhstan":[35],"using":[36],"27":[37],"Y-STR":[38],"loci":[39],"and":[40,45,52,74,105,114,150,166,178,195],"20":[41],"core":[42],"Y-SNP":[43],"markers,":[44],"compared":[46],"the":[47,58],"resulting":[48],"haplotypes":[49],"with":[50,95,128],"neighbouring":[53],"Asian":[55,203],"Y-Chromosome":[59],"Haplotype":[60],"Reference":[61],"Database.":[62],"The":[63,89],"dataset":[64,134,194],"yielded":[65],"515":[66],"distinct":[67,146],"haplotypes,":[68],"high":[69],"overall":[70],"haplotype":[71,78],"diversity":[72],"(0.9993),":[73],"a":[75,83,129,188,200],"low":[76],"observed":[77],"match":[79],"probability":[80],"(0.0023),":[81],"providing":[82],"robust":[84],"baseline":[85],"for":[86,172],"forensic":[87,192],"applications.":[88],"pool":[91],"was":[92],"highly":[93,189],"heterogeneous,":[94],"major":[96],"contributions":[97],"R1a":[99],"(19.97%),":[100],"J2":[101],"(17.45%),":[102],"C2":[103],"(12.25%)":[104],"O2":[106],"(10.74%)":[107],"lineages,":[108],"alongside":[109],"additional":[110],"minor":[111],"western,":[112],"eastern":[113],"northern":[115],"Eurasian":[116],"components.":[117],"Median-joining":[118],"networks":[119],"displayed":[120],"complex,":[121],"multi-branched":[122],"topologies,":[123],"while":[124],"an":[125],"exploratory":[126],"comparison":[127],"separate,":[130],"previously":[131],"published":[132],"NGS":[133],"(N":[135],"=":[136],"19)":[137],"confirmed":[138],"that":[139],"broad":[141],"haplogroups":[142],"contain":[143],"multiple":[144,173,209],"phylogenetically":[145],"subclades.":[147],"Pairwise":[148],"RST":[149],"nonmetric":[151],"multidimensional":[152],"scaling":[153],"(NMDS)":[154],"analyses":[155],"detected":[156],"no":[157],"statistically":[158],"significant":[159],"differentiation":[160],"among":[161],"Kazakhstani":[162,197],"regional":[164,191],"groups":[165,180],"Xinjiang":[167],"after":[170],"correction":[171],"testing,":[174],"whereas":[175],"several":[176],"Kazakh":[177],"Kyrgyz":[179],"were":[181],"more":[182],"clearly":[183],"differentiated.":[184],"These":[185],"results":[186],"establish":[187],"discriminatory":[190],"position":[196],"Uyghurs":[198],"within":[199],"cohesive":[201],"continuum":[205],"shaped":[206],"by":[207],"diverse":[208],"male-mediated":[210],"inputs.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00"}
