{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214595449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06668-x","title":"Association between early postoperative fraction of inspired oxygen and pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective cohort study using public databases","display_name":"Association between early postoperative fraction of inspired oxygen and pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective cohort study using public databases","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214595449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06668-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12872-026-06668-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06668-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06668-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206686666","display_name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","issn_l":"1471-2261","issn":["1471-2261"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06668-x","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153386324","display_name":"Fei Gao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119028","display_name":"Beijing Anzhen Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02h2j1586","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119028"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210119028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065636490","display_name":"Zixiao Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5596-3782","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5596-3782"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67636235","display_name":"University of International Relations","ror":"https://ror.org/04r72en83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67636235"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixiao Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of International Relations, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of International Relations, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67636235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130863360","display_name":"Shuwen Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119028","display_name":"Beijing Anzhen Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02h2j1586","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119028"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuwen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210119028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153238754","display_name":"Sheng Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119028","display_name":"Beijing Anzhen Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02h2j1586","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119028"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210119028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5153238754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210119028"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.8496000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.8496000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11055","display_name":"Cardiac and Coronary Surgery Techniques","score":0.11240000277757645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11681","display_name":"Nosocomial Infections in ICU","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-bypass-grafting","display_name":"coronary artery bypass grafting","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraction-of-inspired-oxygen","display_name":"fraction of inspired oxygen","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-pulmonary-complications","display_name":"postoperative pulmonary complications","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-ventilation","display_name":"postoperative mechanical ventilation","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reintubation","display_name":"reintubation","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-pneumonia","display_name":"postoperative pneumonia","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-therapy","display_name":"oxygen therapy","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-care","display_name":"postoperative care","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit-admission","display_name":"intensive care unit admission","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimic-iv","display_name":"MIMIC-IV","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eicu-collaborative-research-database","display_name":"eICU-CRD","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propensity-score-weighting","display_name":"propensity score weighting","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restricted-cubic-splines","display_name":"restricted cubic splines","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-validation","display_name":"external validation","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-stratification","display_name":"risk stratification","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/length-of-hospital-stay","display_name":"length of hospital stay","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9501000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.756600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.6726999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5992000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5461000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775901492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186020","display_name":"Coronary artery bypass surgery","level":3,"score":0.5259000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777080012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250","display_name":"Mechanical ventilation","level":2,"score":0.49470001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778789114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235007","display_name":"Cardiac surgery","level":2,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4487999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78085059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641303","display_name":"Ejection fraction","level":3,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776820930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9655","display_name":"Artery","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207386681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451323","display_name":"Derivation","level":3,"score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780807750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477511","display_name":"Fraction of inspired oxygen","level":3,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780630273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988216","display_name":"Oxygen therapy","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017915907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186020","display_name":"Bypass grafting","level":3,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778716859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939018","display_name":"Intubation","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779161974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12872-026-06668-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06668-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06668-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206686666","display_name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","issn_l":"1471-2261","issn":["1471-2261"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10006698/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10006698/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10006698/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10006698/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12872-026-06668-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06668-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06668-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206686666","display_name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","issn_l":"1471-2261","issn":["1471-2261"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8925794037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"03-10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323114","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Health Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323114","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Health Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/0374a5s68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214595449.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214595449.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2563101939","https://openalex.org/W2586896504","https://openalex.org/W2660089904","https://openalex.org/W2794577228","https://openalex.org/W2891400669","https://openalex.org/W2908009886","https://openalex.org/W2978407753","https://openalex.org/W2986690425","https://openalex.org/W4200498715","https://openalex.org/W4200543832","https://openalex.org/W4307179271","https://openalex.org/W4313439128","https://openalex.org/W4385667249","https://openalex.org/W4391814556","https://openalex.org/W4401390304","https://openalex.org/W4402457513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403552877","https://openalex.org/W4396515583","https://openalex.org/W2950295262","https://openalex.org/W7119521724","https://openalex.org/W3209326235","https://openalex.org/W4367676423","https://openalex.org/W3205394577","https://openalex.org/W1964459426","https://openalex.org/W4389799535","https://openalex.org/W4402457513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Patients":[0],"undergoing":[1,350],"coronary":[2],"artery":[3],"bypass":[4],"grafting":[5],"(CABG)":[6],"frequently":[7],"require":[8],"postoperative":[9,19,33,46,97,109,347,354,392,422],"mechanical":[10,146],"ventilation":[11],"and":[12,49,57,79,100,126,133,149,170,200,224,266,284,322,380],"oxygen":[13,23],"therapy.":[14],"However,":[15],"whether":[16,416],"higher":[17,242,273,352],"early":[18,45,353,391],"fraction":[20],"of":[21,32,142,181,244,363,407],"inspired":[22],"(FiO\u2082)":[24],"exposure":[25,48,111,155,295,356,373],"is":[26],"associated":[27,240,271,305,358],"with":[28,241,272,306,359],"an":[29,86,360,383],"increased":[30,183,307,361,405],"risk":[31,275,309,362,406],"pulmonary":[34,408],"complications":[35],"(PPCs)":[36],"remains":[37],"uncertain.":[38],"This":[39,365],"study":[40,71],"evaluated":[41],"the":[42,54,60,63,76,80,101,115,119,176,179,190,197,204,213,216],"association":[43,366],"between":[44],"FiO\u2082":[47,110,117,185,237,264,303,355,393,417],"PPCs":[50,182,245],"after":[51,123,258],"CABG":[52,98,402],"using":[53,72],"MIMIC-IV":[55,73,93,177,247,311],"database":[56],"externally":[58],"validated":[59],"findings":[61,388],"in":[62,160,189,196,203,246,302,310,340,382],"eICU":[64,81,102,214,323,385],"database.":[65],"We":[66],"conducted":[67],"a":[68,140,398],"retrospective":[69],"cohort":[70,78,89,94,104],"3.1":[74],"as":[75,85,114,129,397],"derivation":[77],"Collaborative":[82],"Research":[83],"Database":[84],"independent":[87,384],"external":[88],"for":[90,261,400],"consistency":[91],"assessment.The":[92],"included":[95,105],"5,457":[96],"patients,":[99],"validation":[103],"4,521":[106],"patients.":[107],"Early":[108],"was":[112,127,139,304,357,367],"defined":[113],"mean":[116],"during":[118],"first":[120],"6":[121],"h":[122],"ICU":[124,348],"admission":[125],"categorized":[128],"\u2264":[130,191],"0.60,":[131],"0.61\u20130.80,":[132],">":[134,205,267],"0.80.":[135],"The":[136],"primary":[137],"outcome":[138],"composite":[141],"PPCs,":[143],"including":[144],"prolonged":[145],"ventilation,":[147],"reintubation,":[148],"pneumonia.":[150],"Multivariable":[151],"logistic":[152,235],"regression,":[153,236],"continuous":[154,372],"analysis":[156,296],"per":[157],"0.1":[158,300],"increase":[159,301],"FiO\u2082,":[161],"restricted":[162],"cubic":[163],"spline":[164],"(RCS)":[165],"analysis,":[166,374,376],"propensity":[167,377],"score":[168,378],"weighting,":[169,379],"subgroup":[171],"analyses":[172,335],"were":[173,219,269],"performed.":[174],"In":[175,212,232,256],"cohort,":[178,215],"incidence":[180],"across":[184,369],"categories:":[186],"5.51%":[187],"(45/817)":[188],"0.60":[192],"group,":[193,199],"8.10%":[194],"(261/3,223)":[195],"0.61\u20130.80":[198,265],"14.61%":[201],"(207/1,417)":[202],"0.80":[206,268],"group":[207],"(":[208,228],"P":[209,229,253,281,290,319,331],"<":[210,230,291,332],"0.001).":[211,231,333],"corresponding":[217],"rates":[218],"9.41%":[220],"(320/3,400),":[221],"14.25%":[222],"(113/793),":[223],"26.52%":[225],"(87/328),":[226],"respectively":[227],"fully":[233],"adjusted":[234,313],">0.80":[238],"remained":[239],"odds":[243],"(OR":[248,276],"1.69,":[249],"95%":[250,278,287,316,328],"CI":[251,279,288,317,329],"1.16\u20132.48;":[252],"=":[254,282,320],"0.007).":[255],"eICU,":[257],"further":[259],"adjustment":[260],"peri-ICU":[262],"interventions,":[263],"both":[270,341],"PPC":[274,308],"1.51,":[277],"1.13\u20132.03;":[280],"0.005":[283],"OR":[285,314,326],"2.39,":[286],"1.66\u20133.44;":[289],"0.001,":[292],"respectively).":[293],"Continuous":[294],"showed":[297],"that":[298,390],"each":[299],"(fully":[312],"1.13,":[315],"1.05\u20131.21;":[318],"0.001)":[321],"(Model":[324],"4":[325],"1.25,":[327],"1.16\u20131.35;":[330],"RCS":[334,375],"demonstrated":[336],"significant":[337,344],"overall":[338],"associations":[339],"cohorts":[342],"without":[343],"nonlinearity.":[345],"Among":[346],"patients":[349,403],"CABG,":[351],"PPCs.":[364],"consistent":[368],"multivariable":[370],"adjustment,":[371],"evaluation":[381],"cohort.":[386],"These":[387],"suggest":[389],"requirements":[394],"may":[395],"serve":[396],"marker":[399],"identifying":[401],"at":[404],"complications.":[409],"Prospective":[410],"studies":[411],"are":[412],"needed":[413],"to":[414],"determine":[415],"optimization":[418],"strategies":[419],"can":[420],"improve":[421],"outcomes.":[423]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00"}