{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214545342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3","title":"Beyond the funding gap: Somalia\u2019s aid shock is becoming a primary health-care crisis","display_name":"Beyond the funding gap: Somalia\u2019s aid shock is becoming a primary health-care crisis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214545342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42806373","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13617832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166421451","display_name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","issn_l":"1348-8945","issn":["1348-8945","1349-4147"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7214545342"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153056677","display_name":"Fardowso Mohamed Harbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4981-9278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4981-9278"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fardowso Mohamed Harbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences and Tropical Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia. fardowsoxarbi9@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4981-9278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences and Tropical Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia. fardowsoxarbi9@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136431092","display_name":"Ilyas Abdullahi Khalif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7421-8638","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7421-8638"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilyas Abdullahi khalif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Health Research and Innovation, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia","Faculty of Health Sciences and Tropical Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7421-8638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Health Research and Innovation, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences and Tropical Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140480168","display_name":"Samar Yusuf Omar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0975-7642","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0975-7642"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samar Yusuf Omar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Health Research and Innovation, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia","Faculty of Health Sciences and Tropical Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0975-7642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Health Research and Innovation, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences and Tropical Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005385724","display_name":"Ahmed Abdinasir Abdulle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8036-4489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8036-4489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801301251","display_name":"Somali National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03f3jde70","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Abdinasir Abdulle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences and Tropical Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8036-4489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences and Tropical Medicine, Somali National University, Mogadishu, Somalia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5153056677"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801301251"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14090","display_name":"Health and Conflict Studies","score":0.8730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14090","display_name":"Health and Conflict Studies","score":0.8730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.053700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.052299998700618744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care","display_name":"primary care","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-system-resilience","display_name":"health system resilience","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanitarian-funding","display_name":"humanitarian funding","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somalia","display_name":"Somalia","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-system-vulnerability","display_name":"health system vulnerability","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-resilience","display_name":"climate resilience","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-health-systems","display_name":"community health systems","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displaced-persons","display_name":"displaced persons","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malnutrition","display_name":"malnutrition","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrition-services","display_name":"nutrition services","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-equity","display_name":"health equity","score":0.4830000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.5878000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5490999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5328999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5242559","display_name":"Referral","level":2,"score":0.5213000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.517300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551997983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12167","display_name":"Malnutrition","level":2,"score":0.4885999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521897407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826745","display_name":"Humanitarian aid","level":2,"score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617059","display_name":"Humanitarian crisis","level":3,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777461252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3625286","display_name":"Economic recovery","level":2,"score":0.397599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778363899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23900955","display_name":"Window of opportunity","level":2,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91602232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756115","display_name":"Volatility (finance)","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778300220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114380","display_name":"Financial crisis","level":2,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46578552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725393","display_name":"Global health","level":3,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779872411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774161","display_name":"International community","level":3,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779507241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072637","display_name":"Climate resilience","level":3,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778454966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052298","display_name":"Aid effectiveness","level":3,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62555980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460420","display_name":"Emergency management","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87616379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2477868","display_name":"International development","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166421451","display_name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","issn_l":"1348-8945","issn":["1348-8945","1349-4147"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13617832","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13617832/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13617832/pdf/41182_2026_Article_1086.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trop Med Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42806373","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42806373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical medicine and health","raw_type":"Letter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:39b6889845614e0abdb248c55b8f2d6a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/39b6889845614e0abdb248c55b8f2d6a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine and Health, Vol 54, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s41182-026-01086-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166421451","display_name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","issn_l":"1348-8945","issn":["1348-8945","1349-4147"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine and Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.766700029373169,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.5217000246047974,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214545342.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214545342.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195230403","https://openalex.org/W4390548124","https://openalex.org/W4399668172","https://openalex.org/W4409308185","https://openalex.org/W4410160059","https://openalex.org/W7118445578","https://openalex.org/W7161633626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7213777110","https://openalex.org/W7213356413","https://openalex.org/W7204940211","https://openalex.org/W7214986126","https://openalex.org/W7214080197","https://openalex.org/W7214992828","https://openalex.org/W7203909082","https://openalex.org/W7221803722","https://openalex.org/W2255680238","https://openalex.org/W3008741888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Somalia's":[0],"escalating":[1],"humanitarian":[2,97],"financing":[3,98,141],"crisis":[4],"is":[5],"exposing":[6],"a":[7,18,51,111],"neglected":[8],"dimension":[9],"of":[10,20,72,114],"health-system":[11,115],"vulnerability:":[12],"aid":[13],"volatility":[14],"can":[15,61],"itself":[16],"become":[17],"determinant":[19,113],"primary":[21,31],"health-care":[22],"(PHC)":[23],"failure.":[24],"Recent":[25],"funding":[26],"contractions":[27],"have":[28],"disrupted":[29],"hospitals,":[30],"facilities,":[32],"mobile":[33],"teams,":[34],"and":[35,43,70,87,117,130],"nutrition":[36],"services":[37],"while":[38],"drought,":[39],"displacement,":[40],"infectious-disease":[41],"outbreaks,":[42],"undernutrition":[44],"continue":[45],"to":[46,90,139],"intensify":[47],"health":[48,135],"needs.":[49],"In":[50],"system":[52],"heavily":[53],"reliant":[54],"on":[55],"external":[56],"financing,":[57,129],"abrupt":[58],"donor":[59],"withdrawal":[60],"destabilise":[62],"frontline":[63],"staffing,":[64],"essential":[65,120,138],"medicines,":[66],"referral":[67],"pathways,":[68],"surveillance,":[69],"continuity":[71],"care.":[73],"These":[74],"disruptions":[75],"disproportionately":[76],"threaten":[77],"populations":[78],"already":[79],"experiencing":[80],"structural":[81],"disadvantage,":[82],"particularly":[83],"children,":[84],"displaced":[85],"communities,":[86],"households":[88],"exposed":[89],"recurrent":[91],"climate":[92],"shocks.":[93],"We":[94],"argue":[95],"that":[96],"should,":[99],"therefore,":[100],"be":[101],"understood":[102],"not":[103],"only":[104],"as":[105,110],"emergency":[106],"assistance":[107],"but":[108],"also":[109],"critical":[112],"resilience":[116],"equity.":[118],"Protecting":[119],"PHC":[121],"functions,":[122],"strengthening":[123],"government":[124],"stewardship,":[125],"establishing":[126],"predictable":[127],"transition":[128],"investing":[131],"in":[132],"climate-resilient":[133],"community":[134],"systems":[136],"are":[137],"prevent":[140],"shocks":[142],"from":[143],"becoming":[144],"enduring":[145],"public-health":[146],"crises.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00"}