{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214520689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813261487971","title":"What Is the System Doing Now? Designing a Spatially Differentiated, State-Explicit HMI for Clear ADAS Boundaries","display_name":"What Is the System Doing Now? Designing a Spatially Differentiated, State-Explicit HMI for Clear ADAS Boundaries","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214520689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813261487971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/10711813261487971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813261487971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813261487971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176815","display_name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","issn_l":"0163-5182","issn":["0163-5182","1071-1813","1541-9312","2169-5067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144313503","display_name":"Sai Dheeraj Koundinya Chunduru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1536-022X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1536-022X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Dheeraj Koundinya Chunduru","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1536-022X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144363566","display_name":"Ramkumaar Ekambaram Thondaiman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7000-0729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7000-0729"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramkumaar Ekambaram Thondaiman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7000-0729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153111039","display_name":"Manohar J Achar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6598-7985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6598-7985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manohar J Achar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6598-7985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095842853","display_name":"Duha Alkurdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5893-063X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5893-063X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duha Alkurdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5893-063X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064415934","display_name":"John K. Lenneman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-1690","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-1690"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093665","display_name":"Toyota Motor North America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0076knn86","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093665","https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John K. Lenneman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Motor North America, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Motor North America, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093665"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027784898","display_name":"Areen Alsaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2852-9750","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2852-9750"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Areen Alsaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2852-9750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66093468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"driver assistance systems","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-machine-interface-design","display_name":"human-machine interface design","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-design-domain","display_name":"operational design domain","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-transitions","display_name":"state transitions","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driver-responsibility","display_name":"driver responsibility","score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-cruise-control","display_name":"adaptive cruise control","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steering-assist","display_name":"steering assist","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-interface-design","display_name":"ecological interface design","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode-awareness","display_name":"mode awareness","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driver-workload","display_name":"driver workload","score":0.3149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113168747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507295","display_name":"Cruise control","level":3,"score":0.6446999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.6406000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5246000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.510200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.48330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.430400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993942811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626707","display_name":"Longitudinal field","level":3,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781020372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533093","display_name":"On the fly","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/10711813261487971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813261487971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813261487971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176815","display_name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","issn_l":"0163-5182","issn":["0163-5182","1071-1813","1541-9312","2169-5067"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19399978","https://openalex.org/W1983186110","https://openalex.org/W2057366010","https://openalex.org/W2163322071","https://openalex.org/W2163520596","https://openalex.org/W2799403119","https://openalex.org/W4251427757","https://openalex.org/W4310744593","https://openalex.org/W4402865088","https://openalex.org/W4413767680"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W645081502","https://openalex.org/W600232754","https://openalex.org/W7132274318","https://openalex.org/W7038568658","https://openalex.org/W2901013762","https://openalex.org/W577959451","https://openalex.org/W7214649354","https://openalex.org/W7004842350","https://openalex.org/W7110703421","https://openalex.org/W2947064365"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advanced":[0],"Driver":[1],"Assistance":[2],"Systems":[3],"(ADAS)":[4],"increasingly":[5],"combine":[6],"longitudinal":[7],"and":[8,50,67,83,106,122,132,144],"lateral":[9],"functions,":[10],"complicating":[11],"drivers\u2019":[12],"understanding":[13,68],"of":[14,32,85,134],"which":[15],"assistance":[16],"is":[17],"active,":[18],"limited,":[19],"or":[20],"requesting":[21],"intervention.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"translates":[25],"findings":[26,74],"from":[27],"a":[28,36,41],"naturalistic":[29],"on-road":[30],"study":[31],"first-time":[33],"interaction":[34],"with":[35,77,91,146],"new":[37],"ADAS":[38,86,147],"interface":[39],"into":[40],"spatially":[42],"differentiated,":[43],"state-explicit":[44],"Human\u2013Machine":[45],"Interface":[46,79],"(HMI).":[47],"Think-aloud":[48],"comments":[49],"post-drive":[51],"interviews":[52],"revealed":[53],"recurring":[54],"difficulty":[55],"distinguishing":[56],"control":[57],"dimensions,":[58],"interpreting":[59],"state":[60],"transitions,":[61],"recognizing":[62],"Operational":[63],"Design":[64],"Domain":[65],"limits,":[66],"system":[69,130],"logic":[70],"without":[71],"experimentation.":[72],"These":[73],"were":[75,97],"synthesized":[76],"Ecological":[78],"Design,":[80],"Skills\u2013Rules\u2013Knowledge":[81],"principles,":[82],"benchmarking":[84],"interfaces.":[87],"Through":[88],"participatory":[89],"design":[90],"three":[92],"human-centered":[93],"designers,":[94],"mid-fidelity":[95],"prototypes":[96],"developed":[98],"for":[99],"Adaptive":[100],"Cruise":[101],"Control,":[102],"Stop-and-Go,":[103],"Steering":[104],"Assist,":[105],"Lane":[107],"Keep":[108],"Assist.":[109],"The":[110],"concepts":[111],"use":[112],"distinct":[113],"visual":[114],"zones,":[115],"progressive":[116],"transition":[117],"cues,":[118],"persistent":[119],"boundary":[120],"signaling,":[121],"redundant":[123],"non-color":[124],"cues":[125],"to":[126],"support":[127],"mode":[128],"awareness,":[129],"understandability,":[131],"recognition":[133],"driver":[135],"responsibility.":[136],"Future":[137],"work":[138],"will":[139],"evaluate":[140],"interpretability,":[141],"workload,":[142],"accessibility,":[143],"transparency":[145],"experts.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00"}
