{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214501294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2026.114280","title":"Artificial intelligence for stability assessment and early-warning in converter-dominated power systems: A unified review and risk-envelope framework","display_name":"Artificial intelligence for stability assessment and early-warning in converter-dominated power systems: A unified review and risk-envelope framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214501294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2026.114280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2026.114280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2026.114280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2026.114280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151498627","display_name":"Electric Power Systems Research","issn_l":"0378-7796","issn":["0378-7796","1873-2046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electric Power Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2026.114280","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144179237","display_name":"Mohamad Fani Sulaima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1600-9539","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1600-9539"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Fani Sulaima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138606710","display_name":"Sunny Arora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-7326","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-7326"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129773123","display_name":"Bennett University","ror":"https://ror.org/00an5hx75","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129773123"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunny Arora","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129773123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035686616","display_name":"Robert Frischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0566-6170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0566-6170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44930506","display_name":"\u0160koda Auto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zpfcb35","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44930506"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Frischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center, Skoda Auto University, Mlada Boleslav, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center, Skoda Auto University, Mlada Boleslav, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44930506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088246865","display_name":"Ladislav Socha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4984-0070","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4984-0070"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44930506","display_name":"\u0160koda Auto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zpfcb35","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44930506"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ladislav Socha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center, Skoda Auto University, Mlada Boleslav, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4984-0070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center, Skoda Auto University, Mlada Boleslav, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44930506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006298019","display_name":"Hamidreza Namazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7178-455X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7178-455X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6354-1985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101407740","display_name":"Chandigarh University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t4pvx35","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11662577","display_name":"Monash University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00yncr324","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11662577","https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44930506","display_name":"\u0160koda Auto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zpfcb35","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44930506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU","CZ","IN","MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hamidreza Namazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center, Skoda Auto University, Mlada Boleslav, Czech Republic","School of Engineering, Monash University, Selangor, Malaysia","University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6354-1985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center, Skoda Auto University, Mlada Boleslav, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44930506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Monash University, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11662577","https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006298019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101407740","https://openalex.org/I11662577","https://openalex.org/I44930506","https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":{"value":2810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2810},"apc_paid":{"value":2810,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2810},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"265","issue":null,"first_page":"114280","last_page":"114280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12451","display_name":"Smart Grid and Power Systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converter-dominated-power-systems","display_name":"converter-dominated power systems","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter-based-resources","display_name":"inverter-based resources","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-stability-analysis","display_name":"power system stability analysis","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-warning","display_name":"early warning","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"machine learning","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-signal-stability","display_name":"small-signal stability","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-stability","display_name":"transient stability","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-stability","display_name":"voltage stability","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-stability","display_name":"frequency stability","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-aware-prediction","display_name":"uncertainty-aware prediction","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-based-methods","display_name":"graph-based methods","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-monitoring","display_name":"real-time monitoring","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-area-measurement","display_name":"wide-area measurement","score":0.7730000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8443999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.6672999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5677000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5656999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5034999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778136018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10350689","display_name":"Predictive power","level":2,"score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2026.114280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2026.114280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2026.114280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151498627","display_name":"Electric Power Systems Research","issn_l":"0378-7796","issn":["0378-7796","1873-2046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electric Power Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2026.114280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2026.114280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2026.114280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S151498627","display_name":"Electric Power Systems Research","issn_l":"0378-7796","issn":["0378-7796","1873-2046"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electric Power Systems Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.8970999717712402},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.878000020980835}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":130,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042858731","https://openalex.org/W2061014315","https://openalex.org/W2106935068","https://openalex.org/W2137346840","https://openalex.org/W2141776284","https://openalex.org/W2173341126","https://openalex.org/W2546826813","https://openalex.org/W2912869169","https://openalex.org/W2971910972","https://openalex.org/W2993645768","https://openalex.org/W3003054600","https://openalex.org/W3006047736","https://openalex.org/W3013127571","https://openalex.org/W3017767461","https://openalex.org/W3033849798","https://openalex.org/W3034174333","https://openalex.org/W3036700726","https://openalex.org/W3040881153","https://openalex.org/W3048465714","https://openalex.org/W3083906615","https://openalex.org/W3090921917","https://openalex.org/W3109223723","https://openalex.org/W3112072903","https://openalex.org/W3119066888","https://openalex.org/W3123951230","https://openalex.org/W3129624334","https://openalex.org/W3129842759","https://openalex.org/W3132832195","https://openalex.org/W3153033893","https://openalex.org/W3154043991","https://openalex.org/W3166017464","https://openalex.org/W3170729104","https://openalex.org/W3175762865","https://openalex.org/W3184954280","https://openalex.org/W3189182349","https://openalex.org/W4200533996","https://openalex.org/W4206430883","https://openalex.org/W4210713738","https://openalex.org/W4213370852","https://openalex.org/W4213449185","https://openalex.org/W4220699563","https://openalex.org/W4225305017","https://openalex.org/W4280537556","https://openalex.org/W4281572064","https://openalex.org/W4285217218","https://openalex.org/W4285248540","https://openalex.org/W4285274139","https://openalex.org/W4285304443","https://openalex.org/W4293744567","https://openalex.org/W4302759755","https://openalex.org/W4308491337","https://openalex.org/W4309020802","https://openalex.org/W4312219208","https://openalex.org/W4312467992","https://openalex.org/W4312554313","https://openalex.org/W4312846082","https://openalex.org/W4312982553","https://openalex.org/W4316013180","https://openalex.org/W4317513127","https://openalex.org/W4317553467","https://openalex.org/W4319663626","https://openalex.org/W4360965060","https://openalex.org/W4364302294","https://openalex.org/W4366994486","https://openalex.org/W4379034011","https://openalex.org/W4379780938","https://openalex.org/W4381785683","https://openalex.org/W4381801260","https://openalex.org/W4382863483","https://openalex.org/W4382998900","https://openalex.org/W4385621044","https://openalex.org/W4385697057","https://openalex.org/W4385788363","https://openalex.org/W4385871708","https://openalex.org/W4385976693","https://openalex.org/W4386590704","https://openalex.org/W4388808907","https://openalex.org/W4389152117","https://openalex.org/W4390278061","https://openalex.org/W4391003899","https://openalex.org/W4391343505","https://openalex.org/W4391519526","https://openalex.org/W4391661547","https://openalex.org/W4391939365","https://openalex.org/W4392080526","https://openalex.org/W4392670634","https://openalex.org/W4393404802","https://openalex.org/W4398783340","https://openalex.org/W4400062634","https://openalex.org/W4401325865","https://openalex.org/W4402310553","https://openalex.org/W4402830586","https://openalex.org/W4403392328","https://openalex.org/W4403460521","https://openalex.org/W4403616592","https://openalex.org/W4403919995","https://openalex.org/W4404343948","https://openalex.org/W4407007287","https://openalex.org/W4407260068","https://openalex.org/W4408185674","https://openalex.org/W4408310858","https://openalex.org/W4408571050","https://openalex.org/W4409991412","https://openalex.org/W4410887229","https://openalex.org/W4411109761","https://openalex.org/W4411358761","https://openalex.org/W4411471996","https://openalex.org/W4411639810","https://openalex.org/W4412124874","https://openalex.org/W4412981224","https://openalex.org/W4413254999","https://openalex.org/W4413926187","https://openalex.org/W4414991816","https://openalex.org/W4416246228","https://openalex.org/W4416407131","https://openalex.org/W4417050881","https://openalex.org/W4417299255","https://openalex.org/W7128675819","https://openalex.org/W7138459861","https://openalex.org/W7143540795","https://openalex.org/W7151466773","https://openalex.org/W7154984283","https://openalex.org/W7155071756","https://openalex.org/W7160544394","https://openalex.org/W7161137148","https://openalex.org/W7161180185","https://openalex.org/W7162301458","https://openalex.org/W7171075678","https://openalex.org/W7171453063","https://openalex.org/W7202077672"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316013180","https://openalex.org/W7164659427","https://openalex.org/W7214212573","https://openalex.org/W4287594593","https://openalex.org/W4318830474","https://openalex.org/W3143601809","https://openalex.org/W6998484399","https://openalex.org/W4403616592","https://openalex.org/W7164920079","https://openalex.org/W7147628885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Converter-dominated":[0],"power":[1,104],"systems":[2],"with":[3,151],"high":[4,61],"penetration":[5],"of":[6,26,97],"inverter-based":[7],"resources":[8],"exhibit":[9],"fast,":[10],"nonlinear,":[11],"and":[12,20,35,47,54,73,76,86,94,113,131,156],"multi-timescale":[13],"dynamics":[14],"that":[15],"introduce":[16],"new":[17],"stability":[18,49,69,99,125],"modes":[19],"operational":[21,132],"risks":[22],"beyond":[23],"the":[24,64],"scope":[25],"traditional":[27],"assessment":[28,100],"techniques.":[29],"In":[30],"recent":[31],"years,":[32],"artificial":[33],"intelligence":[34],"machine":[36],"learning":[37,107],"methods":[38],"have":[39],"been":[40],"widely":[41],"applied":[42],"to":[43],"small-signal,":[44],"transient,":[45],"voltage,":[46],"frequency":[48],"prediction":[50,80],"using":[51],"simulation":[52],"data":[53,71],"wide-area":[55],"measurements.":[56],"Although":[57],"many":[58],"studies":[59],"report":[60],"predictive":[62,149],"accuracy,":[63],"literature":[65],"remains":[66],"fragmented":[67],"across":[68],"categories,":[70],"regimes,":[72],"model":[74],"classes,":[75],"typically":[77],"emphasizes":[78],"point":[79],"rather":[81],"than":[82],"uncertainty,":[83],"regime":[84],"transitions,":[85],"control-oriented":[87],"early-warning.":[88],"This":[89],"review":[90],"presents":[91],"a":[92,139],"systematic":[93],"literature-rich":[95],"synthesis":[96],"AI-driven":[98],"approaches":[101],"for":[102,128,160],"converter-dominated":[103],"systems,":[105],"covering":[106],"architectures,":[108],"feature":[109],"representations,":[110],"graph-based":[111],"methods,":[112],"real-time":[114],"monitoring":[115],"integration.":[116],"Key":[117],"gaps":[118],"are":[119],"identified":[120],"in":[121],"uncertainty-aware":[122],"prediction,":[123],"cross-timescale":[124],"coupling,":[126],"interpretability":[127],"control":[129],"action,":[130],"risk":[133],"quantification.":[134],"To":[135],"address":[136],"these":[137],"limitations,":[138],"novel":[140],"AI-Based":[141],"Stability":[142],"Risk":[143],"Envelope":[144],"Framework":[145],"is":[146],"proposed,":[147],"linking":[148],"models":[150],"uncertainty":[152],"bounds,":[153],"operating-region":[154],"tracking,":[155],"decision-triggered":[157],"early-warning":[158],"mechanisms":[159],"dynamics-informed":[161],"grid":[162],"operation.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00"}