{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214486200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116965","title":"Evaluation of Buccal Shelf Bone Dimensions and Bone Density in Adolescents and Adults With Different Mandibular Growth Patterns","display_name":"Evaluation of Buccal Shelf Bone Dimensions and Bone Density in Adolescents and Adults With Different Mandibular Growth Patterns","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214486200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116965","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42936249","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13702320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.116965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116965","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/525182-evaluation-of-buccal-shelf-bone-dimensions-and-bone-density-in-adolescents-and-adults-with-different-mandibular-growth-patterns.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/525182-evaluation-of-buccal-shelf-bone-dimensions-and-bone-density-in-adolescents-and-adults-with-different-mandibular-growth-patterns.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107555779","display_name":"Nungshinaro Tzudir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nungshinaro Tzudir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dentistry, Jain Clinic, Dimapur, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dentistry, Jain Clinic, Dimapur, IND","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113408237","display_name":"Soi Chakraborty","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405274607","display_name":"Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College & Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/020vzr644","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405274607"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soi Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405274607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026300943","display_name":"Adeel Ahmed Bajjad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8762-565X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8762-565X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090919","display_name":"Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq0d986","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090919"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adeel  A Bajjad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152982879","display_name":"Arun Chauhan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090919","display_name":"Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq0d986","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090919"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun Chauhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152968796","display_name":"Syed Hasnain Nasir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405274607","display_name":"Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College & Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/020vzr644","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405274607"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Hasnain Nasir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405274607"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152958922","display_name":"Priyadarshini Ganguly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405274607","display_name":"Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College & Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/020vzr644","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405274607"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priyadarshini Ganguly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, IND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, IND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405274607"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026300943"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090919"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70606869,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"e116965","last_page":"e116965"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buccal-shelf","display_name":"buccal shelf","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandibular-bone-density","display_name":"mandibular bone density","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-thickness","display_name":"bone thickness","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-bone-height","display_name":"vertical bone height","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-growth-patterns","display_name":"skeletal growth patterns","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandibular-plane-angle","display_name":"mandibular plane angle","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adults","display_name":"adults","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-changes","display_name":"age-related changes","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hounsfield-units","display_name":"Hounsfield units","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cone-beam-computed-tomography","display_name":"cone-beam computed tomography","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molars","display_name":"molars","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-location","display_name":"root location","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandibular-growth","display_name":"mandibular growth","score":0.3569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9541000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195735259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16963239","display_name":"Buccal administration","level":2,"score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.6202999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779329777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304401","display_name":"Bone density","level":3,"score":0.5507000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.48660001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779767645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281607","display_name":"Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)","level":3,"score":0.41290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991750140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1121544","display_name":"Bone growth","level":2,"score":0.249099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982819384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7078910","display_name":"Off the shelf","level":2,"score":0.23489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22280000150203705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992191624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265868","display_name":"Bone development","level":2,"score":0.19930000603199005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.116965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116965","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/525182-evaluation-of-buccal-shelf-bone-dimensions-and-bone-density-in-adolescents-and-adults-with-different-mandibular-growth-patterns.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13702320","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13702320/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13702320/pdf/cureus-0018-00000116965.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42936249","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42936249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.116965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.116965","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/525182-evaluation-of-buccal-shelf-bone-dimensions-and-bone-density-in-adolescents-and-adults-with-different-mandibular-growth-patterns.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214486200.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214486200.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014785057","https://openalex.org/W2137715495","https://openalex.org/W2145639272","https://openalex.org/W2145798267","https://openalex.org/W2622768931","https://openalex.org/W2801264743","https://openalex.org/W3082305803","https://openalex.org/W3177467049","https://openalex.org/W3215987361","https://openalex.org/W4213036329","https://openalex.org/W4286799658","https://openalex.org/W4313280142","https://openalex.org/W4382932538","https://openalex.org/W4387208763","https://openalex.org/W4388416380","https://openalex.org/W4405823499","https://openalex.org/W4409095159","https://openalex.org/W4414931692","https://openalex.org/W7117573935","https://openalex.org/W7131833374"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7131833374","https://openalex.org/W4387208763","https://openalex.org/W7213360216","https://openalex.org/W4405811674","https://openalex.org/W3177467049","https://openalex.org/W3114361110","https://openalex.org/W4407292611","https://openalex.org/W4304701034","https://openalex.org/W7122381165","https://openalex.org/W4407276019"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"The":[1,243,280],"mandibular":[2,101,117],"buccal":[3,31,324,343],"shelf":[4,32,105,165,325,344],"is":[5],"an":[6],"important":[7],"extra-alveolar":[8,369],"skeletal":[9,20,49,67,331,370],"anchorage":[10],"site,":[11],"but":[12,346],"its":[13],"morphology":[14,326],"may":[15],"vary":[16],"according":[17],"to":[18],"age,":[19,330],"growth":[21,50,332],"pattern,":[22,333],"root":[23,208,334],"location,":[24,335],"and":[25,38,48,76,90,112,119,128,137,140,145,183,204,230,294,309,318,336,357,367],"measurement":[26,337],"level.":[27,338],"This":[28,55],"study":[29,58],"evaluated":[30,59,72],"bone":[33,36,39,132,141,213,355],"thickness,":[34],"vertical":[35,131,212,251,348],"height,":[37,349],"density":[40,142,269,282],"in":[41,170,173,184,187,220,231,234,290,299,314],"orthodontic":[42,70],"patients":[43,71],"with":[44,256,304,329],"different":[45],"age":[46,244,273],"groups":[47,94],"patterns.":[51],"MATERIALS":[52],"AND":[53],"METHODS:":[54],"retrospective":[56],"cross-sectional":[57],"cone-beam":[60],"computed":[61],"tomography":[62],"(CBCT)":[63],"records":[64],"of":[65,115,154],"60":[66],"Class":[68],"I":[69],"between":[73],"January":[74],"2018":[75],"December":[77],"2020.":[78],"Participants":[79],"were":[80,107],"equally":[81],"distributed":[82],"among":[83],"adolescent":[84,86,315],"average,":[85,89],"horizontal,":[87],"adult":[88,91,291,300],"horizontal":[92,171,221,301,319],"growth-pattern":[93,275],"(n":[95],"=":[96,254,278],"15":[97],"each)":[98],"based":[99],"on":[100,217],"plane":[102],"angle.":[103],"Buccal":[104,164],"measurements":[106],"obtained":[108],"at":[109,126,134,143,200,261,265],"the":[110,116,149,201,206],"mesial":[111],"distal":[113,207],"roots":[114],"first":[118],"second":[120],"molars.":[121],"Bone":[122,268],"thickness":[123,166,345],"was":[124,161,167,215,248,283],"assessed":[125],"6":[127,144],"11":[129,146],"mm,":[130,139],"height":[133,214,252],"3,":[135],"5,":[136],"7":[138,262],"mm":[147,263],"from":[148],"cementoenamel":[150],"junction.":[151],"Mixed-model":[152],"analysis":[153],"variance":[155],"followed":[156],"by":[157],"Bonferroni-adjusted":[158],"pairwise":[159],"comparisons":[160],"performed.":[162],"RESULTS:":[163],"significantly":[168,199,328],"greater":[169,216,258,342,354],"than":[172,186,219,233,264],"average":[174,218,292,316],"growers":[175,222,293,317,340],"(mean":[176,189,223,236],"difference:":[177,190,224,237],"1.26":[178],"mm;":[179,192,226,239],"p":[180,193,227,240],"<":[181,194,228,241],"0.001)":[182,229],"adults":[185,232,351],"adolescents":[188,235],"0.32":[191],"0.001).":[195,242],"Thickness":[196],"also":[197],"increased":[198],"11-mm":[202],"level":[203],"toward":[205],"locations.":[209],"In":[210],"contrast,":[211],"0.68":[225],"0.45":[238],"\u00d7":[245,274],"measurement-level":[246],"interaction":[247,276],"significant":[249,272],"for":[250],"(p":[253,277],"0.015),":[255],"a":[257,271],"adult-adolescent":[259],"difference":[260],"3":[266],"mm.":[267],"showed":[270],"0.012).":[279],"cumulative":[281],"665":[284],"\u00b1":[285,296,306,311],"45":[286],"Hounsfield":[287],"units":[288],"(HU)":[289],"620":[295],"40":[297],"HU":[298,308,313],"growers,":[302,320],"compared":[303],"568":[305],"35":[307],"533":[310],"38":[312],"respectively.":[321],"CONCLUSION:":[322],"Mandibular":[323],"varied":[327],"Horizontal":[339],"exhibited":[341],"lower":[347],"while":[350],"generally":[352],"demonstrated":[353],"dimensions":[356],"density.":[358],"These":[359],"findings":[360],"support":[361],"individualized":[362],"CBCT":[363],"assessment":[364],"when":[365],"selecting":[366],"positioning":[368],"anchorage.":[371]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00"}