{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214405232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_25","title":"The Impact of Smoking and Diabetes Mellitus on Dental Caries in the Indonesian Population","display_name":"The Impact of Smoking and Diabetes Mellitus on Dental Caries in the Indonesian Population","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214405232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_25"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765007058","display_name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","issn_l":"2319-5932","issn":["2319-5932","2350-0484"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_25","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012118793","display_name":"Made Ayu Lely Suratri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-5847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-5847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Made Ayu Lely Suratri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, West Java, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, West Java, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089555448","display_name":"Vivi Setiawaty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-7909","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-7909"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405274664","display_name":"Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso","ror":"https://ror.org/02467gz24","country_code":"ID","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405274664"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivi Setiawaty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Department, Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Department, Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405274664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009821663","display_name":"Delima Delima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-5705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-5705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Delima Delima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, West Java, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, West Java, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037959186","display_name":"Lelly Andayasari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-1048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-1048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lelly Andayasari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, West Java, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, West Java, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103172499","display_name":"Rudi Hendro Putranto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-320X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-320X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rudi Hendro Putranto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, West Java, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency, West Java, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073275093","display_name":"Iin Nurlinawati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-615X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-615X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iin Nurlinawati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, West Java, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, West Java, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":6000,"currency":"INR","value_usd":100},"apc_paid":{"value":6000,"currency":"INR","value_usd":100},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66100607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"410","last_page":"416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-caries","display_name":"dental caries","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-caries-risk-factors","display_name":"caries risk factors","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-caries-prevalence","display_name":"caries prevalence","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-health","display_name":"oral health","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesian-population","display_name":"Indonesian population","score":0.6740000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8920999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779207338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9240","display_name":"Indonesian","level":2,"score":0.7930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.7651000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5232999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.46129998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991849382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117950","display_name":"Dental health","level":2,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61470247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7229825","display_name":"Population study","level":3,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992672162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Oral health","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186079640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719602","display_name":"Prevalence","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778401919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7824270","display_name":"Tooth loss","level":3,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765007058","display_name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","issn_l":"2319-5932","issn":["2319-5932","2350-0484"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0f2bb1f9f3af47d5af04088ec09bf0b4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0f2bb1f9f3af47d5af04088ec09bf0b4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, Vol 24, Iss 3, Pp 410-416 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_55_25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765007058","display_name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","issn_l":"2319-5932","issn":["2319-5932","2350-0484"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982488547","https://openalex.org/W1985764637","https://openalex.org/W2100454470","https://openalex.org/W2159393571","https://openalex.org/W2160834847","https://openalex.org/W2162179430","https://openalex.org/W2179561450","https://openalex.org/W2290359772","https://openalex.org/W2292103961","https://openalex.org/W2346825763","https://openalex.org/W2561483171","https://openalex.org/W2786167291","https://openalex.org/W2893034213","https://openalex.org/W2956655325","https://openalex.org/W2969326005","https://openalex.org/W3165350859","https://openalex.org/W3184709272","https://openalex.org/W4231058327","https://openalex.org/W4296625339","https://openalex.org/W4308120697","https://openalex.org/W4366083119"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383736972","https://openalex.org/W7221273641","https://openalex.org/W4410260285","https://openalex.org/W2970546045","https://openalex.org/W2584686404","https://openalex.org/W4321850912","https://openalex.org/W3199734548","https://openalex.org/W2954486857","https://openalex.org/W4407987709","https://openalex.org/W4410474383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background:":[1],"One":[2],"of":[3,60,72,113,161,175,192,202,212,234],"the":[4,12,70,81,147,159,210,232,238],"most":[5],"commonly":[6],"reported":[7],"oral":[8],"health":[9,39],"problems":[10],"among":[11,205,215],"Indonesian":[13,82,101,239],"population":[14,98],"is":[15,33,43,207,220],"dental":[16,78,129,162,177,194,203,213,235],"caries,":[17],"which":[18],"arises":[19],"from":[20],"multiple":[21],"risk":[22,191],"factors.":[23],"Dental":[24],"caries":[25,49,79,130,163,178,195,204,214,236],"can":[26],"affect":[27],"individuals":[28,52,216],"throughout":[29],"their":[30],"lives":[31],"and":[32,51,74,85,93,106,128,140,151,209,224],"closely":[34],"linked":[35],"to":[36,47,68,145],"poor":[37],"public":[38],"conditions.":[40],"Smoking":[41,150,223],"behavior":[42],"a":[44,57,90,170,188,228],"known":[45],"contributor":[46],"increased":[48],"risk,":[50],"with":[53,158,180,184,217],"diabetes":[54,75,126,152,185,218,225],"also":[55],"face":[56],"higher":[58,173],"likelihood":[59,174],"developing":[61,176],"tooth":[62],"decay.":[63],"Objectives:":[64],"This":[65,87],"study":[66,88,110],"aims":[67],"analyze":[69],"impact":[71],"smoking":[73],"mellitus":[76,153,186,219,226],"on":[77,124,231],"in":[80,237],"population.":[83,240],"Materials":[84],"Methods:":[86],"employed":[89],"nonexperimental,":[91],"cross-sectional,":[92],"observational":[94],"design.":[95],"The":[96,109,200],"research":[97],"included":[99],"all":[100,114],"residents":[102],"across":[103],"34":[104],"provinces":[105],"514":[107],"cities/districts.":[108],"sample":[111],"consisted":[112],"household":[115],"members":[116],"aged":[117],"30\u201350":[118],"years,":[119],"totaling":[120],"275,118":[121],"individuals.":[122],"Data":[123],"smoking,":[125],"mellitus,":[127],"were":[131,143],"collected":[132],"through":[133],"interviews":[134],"using":[135],"validated":[136],"questionnaires.":[137],"Univariate,":[138],"bivariate,":[139],"multivariate":[141],"analyses":[142],"conducted":[144],"assess":[146],"data.":[148],"Results:":[149],"are":[154],"both":[155],"significantly":[156],"associated":[157],"occurrence":[160],"(":[164],"P":[165],"=":[166],"0.0001).":[167],"Smokers":[168],"have":[169,187,227],"1.3\u20131.5":[171],"times":[172],"compared":[179],"nonsmokers.":[181],"Similarly,":[182],"respondents":[183],"1.3-fold":[189],"greater":[190],"experiencing":[193],"than":[196],"those":[197],"without":[198],"diabetes.":[199],"prevalence":[201,211],"smokers":[206],"53.6%,":[208],"55.5%.":[221],"Conclusion:":[222],"significant":[229],"influence":[230],"incidence":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00"}