{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214395058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.30133","title":"AI-guided high-throughput discovery of iridium- and ruthenium-free palladium-oxide catalysts for durable acidic oxygen evolution","display_name":"AI-guided high-throughput discovery of iridium- and ruthenium-free palladium-oxide catalysts for durable acidic oxygen evolution","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214395058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.30133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.30133","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30133","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30133","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30133","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053727958","display_name":"Ken J. Jenewein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-7252","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-7252"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenewein, Ken J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152953535","display_name":"Faezeh Habib Zadeh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zadeh, Faezeh Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152818355","display_name":"Xiaoxiao Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Xiaoxiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018051611","display_name":"Gustavo Malkomes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-794X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-794X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malkomes, Gustavo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117834345","display_name":"\u534e\u51e1 \u5f20","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Huafan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006444884","display_name":"Natalie Page","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Page, Natalie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043397231","display_name":"Jae Jin Bang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-390X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-390X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bang, Jae Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113920143","display_name":"Peter Joseph Santiago","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santiago, Peter J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152795442","display_name":"Karla V. Contreras","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Contreras, Karla V.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152856991","display_name":"Katherine K. Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Katherine K.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102123144","display_name":"Allison Perna","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perna, Allison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124548308","display_name":"Lorena M Britton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Britton, Lorena M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016188499","display_name":"Fahrettin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-5321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-5321"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kilic, Fahrettin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007868501","display_name":"Kevin Cruse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0540-4165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0540-4165"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cruse, Kevin J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004576179","display_name":"Armin Taheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5044-1301","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5044-1301"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taheri, Armin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038113203","display_name":"Krishnanand Mallayya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9889-410X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9889-410X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mallayya, Krishnanand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152820603","display_name":"Harley Quinn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quinn, Harley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001840882","display_name":"Rebecca A. Durr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Durr, Rebecca A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011002555","display_name":"Peter A. Beaucage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2147-0728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2147-0728"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beaucage, Peter A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153355214","display_name":"Santiago Miret","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miret, Santiago","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037026533","display_name":"John M. Gregoire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2863-5265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2863-5265"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregoire, John M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018079613","display_name":"Rafael G\u00f3mez\u2010Bombarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8599"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00f3mez-Bombarelli, Rafael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lila Sciences, Inc. , Cambridge , MA 02141 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11784","display_name":"CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iridium-free-catalysts","display_name":"iridium-free catalysts","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palladium-oxide","display_name":"palladium oxide","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-water-electrolysis","display_name":"proton exchange membrane water electrolysis","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-driven-materials-discovery","display_name":"AI-driven materials discovery","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-throughput-screening","display_name":"high-throughput screening","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"multi-objective optimization","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-stability-trade-off","display_name":"activity-stability trade-off","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-production","display_name":"hydrogen production","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186460083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333853","display_name":"Overpotential","level":4,"score":0.9695000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135473242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4147614","display_name":"Oxygen evolution","level":4,"score":0.7434999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.6873999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48256821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903456","display_name":"Electrolysis of water","level":5,"score":0.631600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163127949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64403","display_name":"Electrolysis","level":4,"score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186187911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093894","display_name":"Nanostructure","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528581852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877","display_name":"Iridium","level":3,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17002908","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21951064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212","display_name":"Combinatorial chemistry","level":1,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.30133","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30133","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30133","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.30133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.30133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.30133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.30133","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30133","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30133","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214395058.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214395058.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415108068","https://openalex.org/W4415836214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413310883","https://openalex.org/W4417102301","https://openalex.org/W7118306186","https://openalex.org/W4412131744","https://openalex.org/W4389206604","https://openalex.org/W7159869719","https://openalex.org/W7221768218","https://openalex.org/W4399305702","https://openalex.org/W7212287527","https://openalex.org/W4417513933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Catalyzing":[0],"acidic":[1],"oxygen":[2],"evolution":[3],"at":[4,65,139,151,156],"the":[5,75,79,122,188,207,220],"proton-exchange-membrane":[6],"water":[7],"electrolysis":[8],"(PEMWE)":[9],"anode":[10],"relies":[11],"almost":[12],"entirely":[13],"on":[14,239],"iridium":[15],"or":[16,130],"ruthenium,":[17],"drawn":[18],"from":[19],"concentrated":[20],"supply":[21,237],"chains":[22],"that":[23,103,193],"constrain":[24],"gigawatt-scale":[25],"deployment.":[26],"We":[27],"report":[28],"an":[29],"artificial":[30],"intelligence":[31],"(AI)-guided,":[32],"human-supervised":[33],"closed-loop":[34],"platform":[35,76],"(>90%":[36],"automation)":[37],"integrating":[38],"combinatorial":[39,71],"sputter":[40],"synthesis,":[41],"high-throughput":[42],"screening,":[43],"machine-learning":[44],"composition-property":[45],"models,":[46,110],"adaptive":[47],"multi-objective":[48],"optimization,":[49],"and":[50,89,94,101,107,154,219,229],"context-aware":[51],"large-language-model":[52],"reasoning,":[53],"where":[54],"lead":[55],"catalysts":[56,84],"advanced":[57,121],"to":[58,167,226,235],"long-term":[59,135],"validation":[60],"in":[61,165,171,212,216],"1":[62],"M":[63],"H2SO4":[64],"10":[66],"mA":[67],"cm-2.":[68],"Navigating":[69],"a":[70,161,168,191,232],"metal":[72],"oxide":[73],"space,":[74],"iteratively":[77],"evaluated":[78],"activity-stability":[80,123],"trade-off":[81],"of":[82,182,190,209,223],"2,942":[83],"across":[85],"53":[86],"material":[87],"systems":[88],"26":[90],"elements,":[91],"surfacing":[92],"Ir-":[93],"Ru-free":[95],"complex":[96],"oxides":[97],"such":[98],"as":[99],"InMnPdOx":[100,159],"NiTaPdOx":[102,137,155],"conventional":[104],"design":[105],"logic,":[106],"off-the-shelf":[108],"language":[109],"would":[111],"not":[112],"predict.":[113],"In":[114],"retrospective":[115],"benchmarking,":[116],"our":[117],"sequential":[118],"learning":[119],"agent":[120],"frontier":[124],"faster":[125],"than":[126,142],"fixed-policy":[127],"Bayesian":[128],"optimization":[129],"in-context":[131],"language-model":[132],"selection.":[133],"During":[134],"testing,":[136],"operated":[138],"lower":[140],"overpotential":[141,163,175],"PdOx,":[143],"but":[144],"both":[145],"eventually":[146],"exceeded":[147],"0.5":[148,177],"V:":[149],"PdOx":[150],"~200":[152],"h":[153,181],"~470":[157],"h.":[158],"showed":[160],"similar":[162],"improvement":[164],"addition":[166],"dramatic":[169],"increase":[170],"operational":[172],"stability,":[173],"retaining":[174],"below":[176],"V":[178],"over":[179],"1,000":[180],"operation.":[183],"The":[184,204],"additive":[185],"elements":[186],"promote":[187],"formation":[189],"nanostructure":[192],"is":[194],"associated":[195],"with":[196],"catalytic":[197],"activity":[198],"while":[199],"stabilizing":[200],"Pd":[201,224],"against":[202],"corrosion.":[203],"results":[205],"highlight":[206],"power":[208],"AI-driven":[210],"science":[211],"addressing":[213],"long-standing":[214],"challenges":[215],"materials":[217],"chemistry,":[218],"greater":[221],"availability":[222],"relative":[225],"incumbent":[227],"Ir":[228],"Ru":[230],"offers":[231],"near-term":[233],"option":[234],"ease":[236],"constraints":[238],"scaled":[240],"electrochemical":[241],"H2":[242],"generation.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00"}