{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214366607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2026.08.001","title":"Formalization, structural representation, and construction of equivalent mathematical expressions for basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine","display_name":"Formalization, structural representation, and construction of equivalent mathematical expressions for basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214366607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2026.08.001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.dcmed.2026.08.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2026.08.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2026.08.001","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377726000972/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178905","display_name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","issn_l":"2589-3777","issn":["2589-3777","2096-479X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377726000972/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152871545","display_name":"Yunfeng Dong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfeng Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078417087","display_name":"Xuesong Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-0005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-0005"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401041622","display_name":"Chengdu Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/04713ex73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401041622"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuesong Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611730, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611730, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401041622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152850338","display_name":"Ke Deng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152845003","display_name":"Cheng Peng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152935051","display_name":"Maokang Luo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maokang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5152935051"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"],"apc_list":{"value":980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":980},"apc_paid":{"value":980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":980},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"317","last_page":"330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13444","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11709","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syndrome-differentiation-and-treatment","display_name":"syndrome differentiation and treatment","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-materia-medica","display_name":"Chinese materia medica","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space","display_name":"state space","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-transition-equations","display_name":"state transition equations","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-indicators","display_name":"health indicators","score":0.6729999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188947578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200253","display_name":"Traditional Chinese medicine","level":3,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130327152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748349","display_name":"Mathematical structure","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.dcmed.2026.08.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2026.08.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2026.08.001","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377726000972/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178905","display_name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","issn_l":"2589-3777","issn":["2589-3777","2096-479X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:75c26c07e848426dbcce2d442980826e","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/75c26c07e848426dbcce2d442980826e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Digital Chinese Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 3, Pp 317-330 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.dcmed.2026.08.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2026.08.001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcmed.2026.08.001","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589377726000972/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178905","display_name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","issn_l":"2589-3777","issn":["2589-3777","2096-479X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Chinese Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214366607.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214366607.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2189063840","https://openalex.org/W4319993686","https://openalex.org/W4409663470","https://openalex.org/W4410318130","https://openalex.org/W7141476237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357711769","https://openalex.org/W7223201892","https://openalex.org/W2383479840","https://openalex.org/W7167361227","https://openalex.org/W2392226100","https://openalex.org/W4246412638","https://openalex.org/W1976191537","https://openalex.org/W2348591122","https://openalex.org/W7171688215","https://openalex.org/W2357490766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective":[0],"To":[1],"construct":[2,78],"a":[3,79,102,114,137,144,149,167,242,266],"formalized,":[4],"structured,":[5],"and":[6,20,33,51,66,69,108,113,154,166,245,255,278],"equivalent":[7],"mathematical":[8,24,126,247],"representation":[9,127,248],"framework":[10,128,235],"for":[11,268,279],"the":[12,23,27,37,52,62,83,178,182,186,215,226,229,259,269,273],"basic":[13,274],"theories":[14,275],"of":[15,26,54,85,185,249,272,276],"traditional":[16],"Chinese":[17,55],"medicine":[18],"(TCM),":[19],"to":[21,77,202,222],"illustrate":[22],"expression":[25],"Bianzheng":[28,46,73,260],"Lunzhi":[29,261],"(\u8fa8\u8bc1\u8bba\u6cbb,":[30],"syndrome":[31,41,48,121,189,250],"differentiation":[32],"treatment)":[34],"process":[35],"using":[36,282],"Guizhi":[38,119,187],"Tang":[39,120,188],"(\u6842\u679d\u6c64)":[40],"as":[42,61,89],"an":[43,93,130],"example.":[44],"Methods":[45],"(\u8fa8\u8bc1,":[47],"differentiation)":[49],"attributes":[50,74],"properties":[53],"materia":[56],"medica":[57],"(CMM)":[58],"were":[59,67,75,87,111,175],"selected":[60],"major":[63],"cognitive":[64],"elements":[65],"symbolized":[68],"quantified.":[70],"The":[71,234],"quantified":[72],"used":[76],"state":[80,98,133,184,227,256],"space,":[81,97],"while":[82,214],"effects":[84],"CMMs":[86],"abstracted":[88],"state-correction":[90,145],"operators.":[91],"Within":[92],"n":[94,131],"-dimensional":[95,132],"Euclidean":[96],"attributes,":[99],"ordering":[100],"relations,":[101],"personalized":[103,138],"constitutional":[104,139],"baseline,":[105],"state-transition":[106,164,169],"expressions,":[107],"convergence":[109],"expressions":[110],"constructed,":[112],"schematic":[115,179],"calculation":[116],"based":[117],"on":[118],"was":[122,159],"performed.":[123],"Results":[124],"A":[125,161],"comprising":[129],"space":[134],"S":[135,192,203],",":[136,143,148,153,213],"baseline":[140],"vector":[141],"B":[142],"operator":[146],"O":[147],"harmonization":[150],"coefficient":[151],"\u03b1":[152],"compatibility":[155,173],"coefficients":[156],"\u03bb":[157],"rs":[158],"established.":[160],"first-order":[162],"affine":[163],"equation":[165,170],"generalized":[168],"incorporating":[171],"nonlinear":[172],"terms":[174],"formulated.":[176],"Under":[177],"parameter":[180],"settings,":[181],"initial":[183],"changed":[190],"from":[191,220],"1":[193],"=":[194,205],"(2,":[195],"2,":[196,198],"\u2212":[197,199,208,210],"2)":[200],"T":[201,212],"2":[204],"(0.8,":[206],"0.4,":[207,209],"0.8)":[211],"health":[216],"index":[217],"V":[218],"decreased":[219],"4.00":[221],"1.26,":[223],"indicating":[224],"that":[225],"approached":[228],"predefined":[230],"healthy":[231],"equilibrium.":[232],"Conclusion":[233],"developed":[236],"in":[237,258],"this":[238],"study":[239,271],"can":[240],"provide":[241,265],"unified,":[243],"describable,":[244],"computable":[246],"states,":[251],"formula-related":[252],"therapeutic":[253],"actions,":[254],"changes":[257],"process.":[262],"It":[263],"may":[264],"foundation":[267],"formal":[270],"TCM":[277],"subsequent":[280],"calibration":[281],"clinical":[283],"data.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00"}