{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214292129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.29406","title":"Evaluating the Effect of the Order of Optimization Passes in Quantum Circuit Optimization","display_name":"Evaluating the Effect of the Order of Optimization Passes in Quantum Circuit Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214292129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.29406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.29406","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29406","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.29406","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.29406","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062399596","display_name":"Xiao-Ting Michelle To","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2407-7892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2407-7892"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"To, Xiao-Ting Michelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["MNM Team , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t in Munich , Munich , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MNM Team , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t in Munich , Munich , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082956135","display_name":"Nils Quetschlich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4369-5207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4369-5207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quetschlich, Nils","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Design Automation , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Design Automation , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049336530","display_name":"Amr Elsharkawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5797-0820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5797-0820"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elsharkawy, Amr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems , Technical University of Munich , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems , Technical University of Munich , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152865094","display_name":"Martin Schulz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163716","display_name":"Leibniz Supercomputing Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05558nw16","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109144446","https://openalex.org/I4210163716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schulz, Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems , Technical University of Munich , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","Leibniz Supercomputing Centre , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems , Technical University of Munich , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Supercomputing Centre , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152915142","display_name":"Robert Wille","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wille, Robert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Design Automation , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Design Automation , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135380868","display_name":"Dieter Kranzlm\u00fcller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163716","display_name":"Leibniz Supercomputing Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05558nw16","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109144446","https://openalex.org/I4210163716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kranzlm\u00fcller, Dieter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz Supercomputing Centre , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","MNM Team , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t in Munich , Munich , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Supercomputing Centre , Garching bei M\u00fcnchen , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MNM Team , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t in Munich , Munich , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit-optimization","display_name":"quantum circuit optimization","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-compilation","display_name":"quantum circuit compilation","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-depth","display_name":"circuit depth","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-count","display_name":"gate count","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-mitigation","display_name":"noise mitigation","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6388000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5884000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109578324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3354463","display_name":"Random optimization","level":5,"score":0.5414999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92995354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165499","display_name":"Continuous optimization","level":4,"score":0.5023000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49320000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194387892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747770","display_name":"Stochastic optimization","level":2,"score":0.46219998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570875","display_name":"Global optimization","level":2,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193254401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2160088","display_name":"Robust optimization","level":2,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118982","display_name":"Quantum gate","level":4,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190902152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325106","display_name":"Optimizing compiler","level":3,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17002908","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29282572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16977029","display_name":"Derivative-free optimization","level":4,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90408235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938141","display_name":"Quantum annealing","level":4,"score":0.26269999146461487}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.29406","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29406","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.29406","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.29406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.29406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.29406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.29406","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29406","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.29406","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1929973641","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101001318","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214292129.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214292129.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989985614","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2133163108","https://openalex.org/W2901859177","https://openalex.org/W3007901542","https://openalex.org/W3013348036","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3045664039","https://openalex.org/W4382490896","https://openalex.org/W4411184056","https://openalex.org/W6969089189","https://openalex.org/W6969109850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7126264138","https://openalex.org/W3092255708","https://openalex.org/W3102896149","https://openalex.org/W190285715","https://openalex.org/W3136636970","https://openalex.org/W4388482566","https://openalex.org/W4386763898","https://openalex.org/W7208549448","https://openalex.org/W4389168394","https://openalex.org/W7163878226"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0,14],"circuit":[1,58,86],"optimization":[2,54,65,83,101,112,152,185,192,219],"is":[3,176],"critical":[4],"for":[5,193],"mitigating":[6],"the":[7,27,32,48,51,105,108,111,117,135,141,167,181,189,194,207,217,222,225],"noise":[8],"inherent":[9],"in":[10,34],"current":[11],"quantum":[12,57],"hardware.":[13],"compilers":[15],"typically":[16],"sequentially":[17],"apply":[18],"multiple":[19],"optimizations":[20],"(also":[21],"called":[22],"``optimization":[23],"passes'')":[24],"to":[25,166,178,187,205],"improve":[26],"circuit.":[28,196],"The":[29,197],"impact":[30,157],"of":[31,50,53,80,107,184],"order":[33,52,106,183],"which":[35,202],"these":[36],"passes":[37,55,109,153,186],"are":[38,131,203],"executed":[39],"has":[40],"yet":[41],"been":[42],"largely":[43],"unexplored.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"investigates":[47],"significance":[49],"within":[56],"compilation,":[59],"specifically":[60],"analyzing":[61],"interactions":[62],"between":[63,99],"different":[64],"methods":[66],"and":[67,88],"quantifying":[68],"their":[69],"mutual":[70],"influences.":[71],"Using":[72],"Qiskit's":[73],"compiler,":[74],"we":[75],"systematically":[76],"evaluate":[77],"pairwise":[78,170],"combinations":[79],"16":[81],"selected":[82],"passes,":[84,102],"measuring":[85],"depth":[87],"gate":[89,227],"count":[90],"across":[91],"various":[92],"benchmark":[93],"circuits.":[94],"Our":[95],"findings":[96],"indicate":[97],"dependencies":[98],"certain":[100],"demonstrating":[103],"that":[104,129,148,162,174],"affects":[110],"quality.":[113],"In":[114],"some":[115,200],"cases,":[116],"worse":[118],"performing":[119,137],"sequence":[120,220],"can":[121],"be":[122],"corrected":[123],"through":[124],"repeated":[125],"pass":[126],"application.":[127],"%such":[128],"they":[130],"as":[132,134],"good":[133],"best":[136,182,190],"one":[138],"by":[139],"extending":[140],"sequence.":[142],"Experiments":[143],"on":[144,158,224],"multi-pass":[145],"sequences":[146],"show":[147],"more":[149],"than":[150],"two":[151],"may":[154],"have":[155],"an":[156],"each":[159],"other":[160],"but":[161],"this":[163],"always":[164],"links":[165],"previously":[168],"found":[169],"effects.":[171],"We":[172],"observe":[173],"it":[175],"important":[177,204],"initially":[179],"choose":[180,206],"get":[188],"possible":[191],"given":[195],"experiments":[198],"reveal":[199],"factors":[201],"best,":[208],"or":[209],"at":[210],"least":[211],"a":[212],"good,":[213],"order;":[214],"among":[215],"those,":[216],"resulting":[218],"depends":[221],"most":[223],"native":[226],"set.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00"}