{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214288229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.30060","title":"Angular-Channel Capacity and Nonlocal Wavefront Engineering for Phased-Array--Lens Systems","display_name":"Angular-Channel Capacity and Nonlocal Wavefront Engineering for Phased-Array--Lens Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214288229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.30060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.30060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30060","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30060","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30060","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152810666","display_name":"Mohammad Soltani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soltani, Mohammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , M5S 3G4 , Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , M5S 3G4 , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152866600","display_name":"George V. Eleftheriades","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleftheriades, George V.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , M5S 3G4 , Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , M5S 3G4 , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.8384000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.8384000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.1324000060558319,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-angle-beam-steering","display_name":"wide-angle beam steering","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity-enhancement","display_name":"directivity enhancement","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evanescent-waves","display_name":"evanescent waves","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-resolution","display_name":"scanning resolution","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-coupling","display_name":"mutual coupling","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165699331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461533","display_name":"Wavefront","level":2,"score":0.8147000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.8147000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6786999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.6363999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.6277999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5605000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.5471000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.5163000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.47679999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.41909998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45900066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6944191","display_name":"Mutual coherence","level":3,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193860024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180973","display_name":"Phased-array optics","level":4,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135393689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1551588","display_name":"Phaser","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132771110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506922","display_name":"Adaptive optics","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136872047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251695","display_name":"Deformable mirror","level":3,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.30060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30060","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30060","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.30060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.30060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2609.30060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2609.30060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30060","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.30060","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331257","display_name":"Alliance de recherche num\u00e9rique du Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/010r6td27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214288229.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7214288229.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204656451","https://openalex.org/W7204658666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064965548","https://openalex.org/W2896029124","https://openalex.org/W4210298526","https://openalex.org/W3118069479","https://openalex.org/W6884301910","https://openalex.org/W4310626928","https://openalex.org/W2807750549","https://openalex.org/W4385314885","https://openalex.org/W2999048594","https://openalex.org/W4386525011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wide-angle":[0],"beam":[1,24],"steering":[2,25],"with":[3,26,126,181],"high":[4,27],"directivity":[5,28,105,124],"is":[6],"fundamentally":[7],"limited":[8],"by":[9,131],"diffraction,":[10],"restricting":[11],"the":[12,21,63,70,91,100,158,170],"scan":[13,128,172,175],"performance":[14],"of":[15,66,93,177],"phased-array":[16],"systems.":[17],"Here,":[18],"we":[19,134],"establish":[20,195],"bounds":[22,110],"governing":[23],"in":[29,98,190,207],"phased-array--lens":[30,119],"systems":[31],"and":[32,61,95,104,123,139,151,174],"show":[33],"that":[34,47,154,168],"nonlocal":[35,54,196],"dielectric":[36,197],"metalenses":[37,46,198],"can":[38],"operate":[39,155],"close":[40,156],"to":[41,57,157],"these":[42,132],"limits.":[43,160],"Unlike":[44],"conventional":[45,84],"suppress":[48],"mutual":[49],"coupling,":[50],"our":[51],"approach":[52],"exploits":[53],"electromagnetic":[55],"interactions":[56],"laterally":[58],"redistribute":[59],"energy":[60],"expand":[62],"spatial":[64],"width":[65],"phase":[67],"coherence":[68],"across":[69],"aperture.":[71],"This":[72],"enables":[73],"efficient":[74],"wavefront":[75,205],"engineering":[76,206],"for":[77,116,145,203],"uniformly":[78],"excited":[79],"planar":[80,150],"phased":[81,179,208],"arrays":[82],"using":[83],"linear":[85,118,147],"progressive":[86],"phasing.":[87],"We":[88,161],"further":[89],"reveal":[90],"roles":[92],"diffraction":[94],"evanescent":[96],"waves":[97],"determining":[99],"maximum":[101],"coherent-aperture":[102],"expansion":[103],"enhancement.":[106],"The":[107],"resulting":[108],"angular-channel":[109],"identify":[111],"two":[112],"distinct":[113],"operating":[114],"regimes":[115],"passive":[117,146],"systems:":[120],"scan-resolution":[121],"enhancement":[122,125],"preserved":[127],"range.":[129],"Guided":[130],"limits,":[133],"derive":[135],"geometry-independent":[136],"design":[137],"equations":[138],"develop":[140],"an":[141],"adjoint-based":[142],"inverse-design":[143],"framework":[144],"metalenses,":[148],"enabling":[149],"cylindrical":[152,166],"implementations":[153],"fundamental":[159],"experimentally":[162],"validate":[163],"a":[164,178,182,187,200],"compact":[165],"metalens":[167],"preserves":[169],"$50^\\circ$":[171],"range":[173],"resolution":[176],"array":[180],"$3.5\u03bb_0$-wide":[183],"aperture":[184],"while":[185],"providing":[186],"$2.5$--$3.5\\,\\mathrm{dB}$":[188],"increase":[189],"peak":[191],"directivity.":[192],"These":[193],"results":[194],"as":[199],"practical":[201],"platform":[202],"diffraction-limited":[204],"arrays.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00"}