{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7214225702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000525.pub4","title":"Zuclopenthixol acetate for acute schizophrenia and similar major mental illnesses","display_name":"Zuclopenthixol acetate for acute schizophrenia and similar major mental illnesses","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7214225702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000525.pub4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42781843","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13602363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000525.pub4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000525.pub4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000525.pub4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172715","display_name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","issn_l":"1361-6137","issn":["1361-6137","1464-780X","1465-184X","1465-1858","1469-493X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42781843/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023119099","display_name":"Kaushadh Jayakody","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-8538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-8538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushadh Jayakody","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine; Deakin University; Victoria Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-8538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine; Deakin University; Victoria Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152682226","display_name":"Sarah Chuang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Chuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Rural Health; Monash University; Victoria Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Rural Health; Monash University; Victoria Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056978532","display_name":"Shalmini Gunadasa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shalmini Gunadasa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education; Victoria Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education; Victoria Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043770656","display_name":"Roger Carl Gibson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-3761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-3761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129319","display_name":"University of the West Indies","ror":"https://ror.org/03fkc8c64","country_code":"JM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137799390","https://openalex.org/I4210129319"]}],"countries":["JM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Carl Gibson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health and Psychiatry; The University of the West Indies; Kingston Jamaica"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health and Psychiatry; The University of the West Indies; Kingston Jamaica","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069303115","display_name":"Ajit Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3311-507X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3311-507X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajit Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences; Monash University; Victoria Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences; Monash University; Victoria Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110144915","display_name":"Philip Tune","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Tune","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Rural Health; Monash University; Victoria Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Rural Health; Monash University; Victoria Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5100},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5193133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"9","first_page":"CD000525","last_page":"CD000525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11921","display_name":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13944","display_name":"Psychiatric care and mental health services","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zuclopenthixol-acetate","display_name":"zuclopenthixol acetate","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-schizophrenia","display_name":"acute schizophrenia","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-mental-illness","display_name":"severe mental illness","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-drugs","display_name":"antipsychotic drugs","score":0.8849999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9354000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.5895000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.5325000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170082","display_name":"Psychosis","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909614370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170082","display_name":"Acute Psychosis","level":3,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000208","descriptor_name":"Acute Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000374","descriptor_name":"Aggression","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003006","descriptor_name":"Clopenthixol","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003006","descriptor_name":"Clopenthixol","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003006","descriptor_name":"Clopenthixol","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014149","descriptor_name":"Tranquilizing Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000525.pub4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000525.pub4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000525.pub4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172715","display_name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","issn_l":"1361-6137","issn":["1361-6137","1464-780X","1465-184X","1465-1858","1469-493X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42781843","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42781843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13602363","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42781843/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13602363","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42781843/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1759768202","https://openalex.org/W1884039895","https://openalex.org/W1893641096","https://openalex.org/W1900097999","https://openalex.org/W1927380745","https://openalex.org/W1964162160","https://openalex.org/W1966083225","https://openalex.org/W1970221328","https://openalex.org/W1977185679","https://openalex.org/W1978040764","https://openalex.org/W1992403165","https://openalex.org/W1992857340","https://openalex.org/W2002143151","https://openalex.org/W2004088515","https://openalex.org/W2006529844","https://openalex.org/W2020666315","https://openalex.org/W2020844317","https://openalex.org/W2023839473","https://openalex.org/W2025153028","https://openalex.org/W2028142337","https://openalex.org/W2030437868","https://openalex.org/W2032618967","https://openalex.org/W2032712358","https://openalex.org/W2058874144","https://openalex.org/W2067351793","https://openalex.org/W2075316624","https://openalex.org/W2098689711","https://openalex.org/W2115058221","https://openalex.org/W2125435699","https://openalex.org/W2127313266","https://openalex.org/W2130235475","https://openalex.org/W2135029321","https://openalex.org/W2144504916","https://openalex.org/W2152240392","https://openalex.org/W2157823046","https://openalex.org/W2164492784","https://openalex.org/W2567362164","https://openalex.org/W2765221357","https://openalex.org/W2947064635","https://openalex.org/W2974858420","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W4205195518","https://openalex.org/W4247665917","https://openalex.org/W4249607427","https://openalex.org/W4281680603","https://openalex.org/W4299834631","https://openalex.org/W4320288061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1927380745","https://openalex.org/W1759768202","https://openalex.org/W7108350431","https://openalex.org/W2098689711","https://openalex.org/W2418513774","https://openalex.org/W2387075060","https://openalex.org/W2408010859","https://openalex.org/W2409779071","https://openalex.org/W1966083225","https://openalex.org/W1970221328"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"RATIONALE:":[0],"Schizophrenia":[1,131],"is":[2,80,475,544],"a":[3,63,74,515,536],"serious":[4],"mental":[5,110,169,208,428],"health":[6],"condition":[7],"that":[8,171],"can":[9],"cause":[10],"long-term":[11],"disability":[12],"and":[13,28,56,72,107,139,145,196,210,264,273,297,306,326,355,445,495,506,522],"major":[14,109,168],"disruption":[15],"to":[16,37,82,215,223,232,242,386,408,422,436,463,553,567],"daily":[17],"life.":[18],"People":[19],"living":[20],"with":[21,104,113,167,175,181,237,319,514,535,592],"schizophrenia":[22,106],"may":[23,35,413,447,488,532,558],"experience":[24],"psychosis,":[25],"causing":[26],"frightening":[27],"distressing":[29],"experiences.":[30],"At":[31],"times,":[32],"this":[33,485,543],"distress":[34],"lead":[36],"aggressive":[38],"or":[39,44],"violent":[40],"behaviour":[41],"towards":[42],"themselves":[43],"others.":[45],"On":[46],"such":[47],"occasions,":[48],"medications":[49,497,581],"used":[50,117,222,251,302],"for":[51,118,204,288,303,427,539,582],"the":[52,89,96,119,129,152,202,252,270,274,279,298,309,328,379,473,482,499,583,595],"management":[53,97,500,584],"of":[54,66,70,92,98,121,134,151,227,255,276,308,311,330,336,374,381,405,419,501,518,525,529,547,550,564,585,598],"aggression":[55],"agitation":[57],"in":[58,95,102,278,364,372,451,484,498],"psychiatric":[59,503],"settings":[60],"must":[61],"have":[62,83],"rapid":[64],"onset":[65],"action,":[67],"low":[68],"frequency":[69],"administration":[71],"exhibit":[73],"minimal":[75],"adverse-effect":[76],"profile.":[77],"Zuclopenthixol":[78,402,509],"acetate":[79,94,174,229,403,494,510,531,549,578],"reported":[81,342,352,357,363],"these":[84],"properties.":[85],"OBJECTIVES:":[86],"To":[87],"evaluate":[88],"clinical":[90,123],"effectiveness":[91],"zuclopenthixol":[93,173,228,332,493,530,548,577],"acute":[99,105,502,586],"behavioural":[100,587],"disturbance":[101,588],"people":[103],"similar":[108,122],"illnesses,":[111],"compared":[112,172],"other":[114],"pharmacological":[115,177],"agents":[116],"treatment":[120],"presentations.":[124],"SEARCH":[125],"METHODS:":[126,261],"We":[127,250,285,315],"searched":[128],"Cochrane":[130,253],"Study-Based":[132],"Register":[133],"Randomised":[135,161],"Controlled":[136],"Trials,":[137],"CENTRAL":[138],"MEDLINE,":[140],"supplemented":[141],"by":[142,269],"citation":[143],"searching":[144],"contacting":[146],"study":[147,604],"authors.":[148],"The":[149,334,527],"date":[150],"last":[153],"search":[154],"was":[155,282,338,370,511],"8":[156],"September":[157],"2025.":[158],"ELIGIBILITY":[159],"CRITERIA:":[160],"controlled":[162],"trials":[163],"(RCTs)":[164],"involving":[165],"participants":[166],"illnesses":[170],"standard":[176,496,580],"treatments":[178],"were":[179,189,220,266,301,324,361],"included,":[180],"predefined":[182],"exclusion":[183],"criteria":[184],"applied.":[185],"OUTCOMES:":[186],"Our":[187],"outcomes":[188,219,430],"tranquillisation,":[190],"sedation":[191,519],"(measured":[192],"between":[193,492],"15":[194],"minutes":[195],"48":[197,523],"hours),":[198],"global":[199],"state":[200,209,429],"(including":[201],"need":[203],"additional":[205],"medications),":[206],"behaviour,":[207],"adverse":[211,452,507],"effects":[212,453],"(evaluated":[213],"up":[214],"seven":[216],"days).":[217],"These":[218],"also":[221],"compare":[224],"lower":[225,537],"doses":[226,239,404,418,563],"(25":[230],"mg":[231,234,241,244,407,410,421,424,552,555,566,569],"50":[233,409,420,554,565],"per":[235,245,411,425,556,570],"injection)":[236],"higher":[238],"(50":[240],"100":[243,423,568],"injection).":[246],"RISK":[247],"OF":[248,390],"BIAS:":[249],"risk":[254,275,335],"bias":[256,277,337],"tool":[257],"(RoB":[258],"1).":[259],"SYNTHESIS":[260,389],"Data":[262],"extraction":[263],"cross-checking":[265],"performed":[267],"independently":[268],"review":[271,611],"authors,":[272],"included":[280,316,376,600],"studies":[281,318,323,341],"systematically":[283],"assessed.":[284],"synthesised":[286],"results":[287],"each":[289],"outcome":[290],"using":[291],"meta-analysis":[292],"where":[293],"possible.":[294],"Review":[295,615,620],"Manager":[296],"GRADE":[299],"profiler":[300],"data":[304],"synthesis":[305],"evaluation":[307],"certainty":[310,380],"evidence.":[312],"INCLUDED":[313],"STUDIES:":[314],"11":[317,375],"714":[320],"participants.":[321],"All":[322],"RCTs":[325],"investigated":[327],"effect":[329],"intramuscular":[331],"acetate.":[333],"variable:":[339],"two":[340],"adequate":[343],"random":[344],"sequence":[345],"generation,":[346],"one":[347],"confirmed":[348],"allocation":[349],"concealment,":[350],"four":[351],"participant":[353],"blinding":[354],"five":[356],"assessor":[358],"blinding.":[359],"Outcomes":[360],"clearly":[362],"three":[365],"studies,":[366,395],"but":[367,472,542],"selective":[368],"reporting":[369],"identified":[371],"10":[373],"studies.":[377,601],"Overall,":[378],"evidence":[382,474,483],"ranged":[383],"from":[384],"moderate":[385],"very":[387,476],"low.":[388],"RESULTS:":[391],"=":[392,439,466],"0%;":[393],"2":[394],"222":[396],"participants;":[397],"low-certainty":[398,573],"evidence).":[399,574],"Dose":[400],"comparison":[401],"25":[406,551],"injection":[412,426,557,571],"be":[414,448,489,533,559,590],"as":[415,417,560,562],"effective":[416,561],"(BPRS:":[431],"RR":[432,459],"1.10,":[433],"CI":[434,461],"0.69":[435],"1.76;":[437],"P":[438,465],"0.69;":[440],"1":[441,468],"study,":[442,469],"30":[443,470],"participants)":[444],"there":[446,487],"no":[449,490,606],"difference":[450,491],"(Treatment":[454],"Emergent":[455],"Symptom":[456],"Scale":[457],"(TESS):":[458],"2.33,":[460],"0.74":[462],"7.35;":[464],"0.15;":[467],"participants),":[471],"uncertain.":[477,545],"AUTHORS'":[478],"CONCLUSIONS:":[479],"Based":[480],"on":[481],"review,":[486],"symptoms,":[504],"tranquillisation":[505],"events.":[508],"probably":[512],"associated":[513,534],"greater":[516],"degree":[517],"at":[520],"24":[521],"hours":[524],"administration.":[526],"use":[528],"requirement":[538],"adjunctive":[540],"benzodiazepines,":[541],"Doses":[546],"(very":[572],"Recommendations":[575],"favouring":[576],"over":[579],"should":[589],"interpreted":[591],"caution,":[593],"given":[594],"methodological":[596],"limitations":[597],"most":[599],"FUNDING:":[602],"This":[603],"received":[605],"external":[607],"funding.":[608],"REGISTRATION:":[609],"Original":[610],"(2001)":[612],"DOI:":[613,618,623],"10.1002/14651858.CD000525":[614],"update":[616,621],"(2004)":[617],"10.1002/14651858.CD000525.pub2":[619],"(2012)":[622],"10.1002/14651858.CD000525.pub3.":[624]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00"}